DonaldS. Chandler.
The Lucifotychus of eastern North America (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae).
Psyche 98:47-56, 1991.

Full text (searchable PDF, 720K)
Durable link: http://psyche.entclub.org/98/98-047.html

The following unprocessed text is extracted from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.

THE LUCIFOTYCHUS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA:PSELAPHIDAE)~
Department of Entomology
University of New Hampshire
Durham. NH 03824
During a faunal survey of an old-growth coniferous forest in northern New Hampshire, an undescribed species of Lucifotychus Park and Wagner was discovered. Subsequent examination of col- lections from several institutions revealed that this new species was widely distributed in the northern United States and southern Canada, with another new species being found on Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina. These two species, with L. testaceus (Casey), are the only eastern representatives of this genus that has 17 species in the Pacific Northwest and California. This particular distribution pattern is similar to that of two other large genera of Pselaphidae, Sonorna Casey and Actiurn Casey, with the eastern taxa of Sonorna and Lucifotychus possessing some of the most different male fea- tures in their respective genera.
Lucifotychus was initially proposed by Park and Wagner (1962) to hold three species from the Pacific Northwest. They also pro- posed a new subgenus, Custotychus Park and Wagner, to hold a species from eastern North America, Tychus daggyi Park. Shortly thereafter Grigarick and Schuster (1962) transferred all the remain- ing western Nearctic taxa placed in Tychus Leach to either the western Lucifotychus (Lucifotychus) or their new genus Hylotychus, and indicated that all of the eastern species of Tychus should be placed in Lucifotychus (Custotychus) while restricting Tychus to certain Palearctic species. Park (1956) had previously reviewed the eastern species of "Tychus," and provided a key to the known species.
'scientific Contribution Number 1705 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station.
Manuscript received by the editor December 7, 1990. Pu&e 96:47-56 (199 1). hup Ytpsychu einclub org/dgW8-tW.html



================================================================================

48 Psyche [Vol. 98
In a recent treatment of the world Tychini, Chandler (1988) rec- ognized three genera in the assemblage of tychine species from eastern North America: Custotychus Park and Wagner, a valid genus with at least ten species; Nearctitychus Chandler with a sin- gle species, sternalis (Raffray); and one species found to be an eastern member of the otherwise western Nearctic genus, Lucifoty- chus. This eastern species of Lucifotychus was originally described as Tychus testaceus Casey (1884), but was later synonymized by Casey (1 894:49l) under Tychus minor LeConte (1849) from Geor- gia without comment, and all subsequent treatments have followed this synonymy. Tychus minor was recognized as a member of Cus- totychus by Chandler (1988), and is restricted to the southeastern United States. Ecological information on testaceus, under the name of minor, has been discussed in three papers (Reichle 1966, 1969; Chandler 1987).
A second eastern species of Lucifotychus, hirsutus n. sp., was discovered during a survey of the insect fauna of an uncut sprucelfir forest at Norton Pool in northern New Hampshire. Both testaceus and hirsutus occur in New Hampshire, with testaceus largely collected from the southern half of the state, and hirsutus in the northern half at Mt. Washington and near the Quebec border. Collection records for testaceus indicate a preference for decidu- ous leaf litters and, to a much lesser extent, rotten deciduous logs. The studies dealing with this species (as minor, Reichle 1966, 1969; Chandler 1987) have confirmed this preference. Chandler (1987) found that testaceus was more abundant in an old-growth forest than in a 40-year old forest. Hirsutus is a more northern species found in equal numbers in New Hampshire at an old- growth spruce-fir forest (Norton Pool), and a 30-year old forest nearby. At both sites it was strongly associated with spruce and fir leaf litters, and rotting coniferous logs. There are a few Canadian records from moss and one from deciduous litter in New Found- land. Hirsutus appears to be more common in a colder coniferous habitat, while testaceus prefers a warmer deciduous forest habitat. All measurements are in millimeters. Illustrations were initially prepared from cleared disarticulated specimens for the two more common species, and checked when appropriate against whole specimens mounted on points. Deposition of specimens are indi- cated by codons that may be found associated with the names of



================================================================================

19911 Chandler 49
those arranging loans in the Acknowledgements. The two codons not found there are DSC, collection of the author, and DENH, Department of Entomology, University of New Hampshire, Durham.
1.
Setae on elytra more erect with a basal angle of 40-60å¡ setae longer, 0.08-0.10; male protrochanters bearing distinct spine (Fig. 6), sixth sternite sharply emarginate at middle of apex, ventral lobe of aedeagus slender and simple (Fig. 5); New- foundland to South Dakota ................................. hirsutus n. sp. Setae on elytra lower with basal angle of 20-40å¡ setae shorter, 0.05-0.08; male protrochanters angulate or curved on ventral margin, sixth sternite apex broadly and gently curved, ventral lobe of aedeagus spinose or broad (Figs. 2, 8) ........................ 2 2.
Male eyes larger with about 30 facets, protrochanters bluntly angulate (Fig. 3), metatrochanters with basal angulation on ventral margin (Fig. 4), apex of aedeagus spinose; New ...........
Brunswick to Virginia and Minnesota
.testaceus (Casey)
Male eyes smaller with about 16 facets, ventral margin of all trochanters rounded, apex of aedeagus broad; North Carolina.. . ......................................................................... quirsfeldi n. sp. Lu~if~tychus testaceus (Casey)
(Figs. 1-4, 9)
Tychus testaceus Casey 1884:31. Type localities: Cambridge, MA; Trenton Falls, NY; Ann Arbor, MI. The type series in the Casey Collection (USNM) consists solely of a single female from Ann Arbor, and is here designated as the LEC- TOTYPE. Brendel and Wickham 1890:248. Synonymized under minor in key without comment by Casey l894:49 1.
Tychus minor, auctorum. Not Tychus minor LeConte l849:82. Casey l894:49l. Leng 1920: 13 1. Bowman 1934: 1 18. Park 1956% (key). LUC~~OQC~US minor, auctorum. Reichle 1966, 1969. Chandler 1987. Length 1.72-2.00. Body orange to reddish-brown, setae over dorsal portion of body relatively short and less apparent, basal angle of setae on elytra 30-40å¡ Males with 28-31 facets in eyes; protrochanters obtusely angulate on ventral margin, protibiae with small blunt preapical tooth on mesa1 margin, mesotibiae with small



================================================================================

50 Psyche [vo~. 98
blunt subapical tooth on mesa1 margin, metatrochanters with rounded angulation at base on ventral margin, metatibiae lacking any teeth; sternite VI twice as long as V, less convex at middle than preceding sternites, apex of VI slightly and very broadly emarginate along base of VII, VII twice as wide as long. Females with 18-21 facets in eyes, lacking modifications of legs, sternite VI broadly rounded as in preceding sternites, as long as V.
Male specimen from Odiorne Point, New Hampshire: body 1.80 long, elytra 0.64 long, 0.76 wide, elytral setae 0.07-0.08 long. Over 500 specimens examined from the following states and Canadian provinces: CANADA: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick. UNITED STATES: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vir- ginia, West Virginia, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Min- nesota. Reichle (1966) figures records for Indiana. Specimens in collections of: AMNH, CCC, CDAE, CNCI, DSC, DENH, FMNH, IMC, JAW, MHNG, LLC, MCZC, MZLU, REN, SEMC, USNM. This species differs slightly from the definition of Lucifotychus by Chandler (1988) in possessing modified metatrochanters. It has been collected primarily from deciduous leaf litters (Chandler 1987 and collection records), and has been associated with decidu- ous leaf litters near bogs and swamps by Reichle (1966, 1969). Several Canadian records indicate that this species may be found in mosses. In the study by Chandler (1987) of two New Hampshire forests, testaceus was most common early in the season from May to June. The ranges of testaceus and hirsutus broadly overlap in southern Quebec and the Maritime Provinces, but the two species have been collected together only twice: on the Ile d'Anticosti and at Dosquet, Quebec. The two species may be readily separated by using the male features, but testaceus is also distinguished in the shorter and more depressed setae on the dorsal surface. Testaceus may be separated from quirsfeldi by the larger eyes for both sexes, as well as the male characters of the legs and aedeagus. Lucifotychus hirsutus n. sp.
(Figs. 5-7, 10)
Length 1.76-2.04. Body orange to red-brown, setae on dorsal surface shaggy in appearance, 0.08-0.10 long on elytra, basal



================================================================================

19911 Chandler 51
angle of setae on elytra 40-60'. Males with 23-28 facets in eyes; protrochanters sharply angulate on ventral margin, protibiae with small preapical tooth on mesal margin, mesotibiae with small sub- apical tooth on mesal margin, metatrochanters with rounded tooth at middle of ventral margin, metatibiae with small apical tooth on mesal margin; sternite VI over twice as long as V, with deep rounded impression in apical half to margin of VII, VI at apex with narrow deep emargination, VII nearly twice as wide as long. Females with 20-22 facets in eyes, lacking modifications of legs, sternite VI broadly rounded as in preceding segments. Male holotype: body 1.96 long, elytra 0.60 long, 0.69 wide, ely- tral setae 0.08-0.10 long.
Specimens examined, 34: HOLOTYPE male, New Hampshire, Coos Co, Norton Pool, 3 mi NE East Inlet Dam, IX-7-1986, D. S. Chandler, sift spruce/fir leaf litter (FMNH). PARATYPES: New Hampshire (DSC or DENH): 1 male, eutopotypical; 1 male, same data except V-9-1986, sift conifer leaf litter; 1 female, same data except V-26-1986, sift conifer logs; 1 female, same data except V- 9/26-1986, flight intercept trap; 2 males, same data except VI-24- 1986, sift conifer leaf litter; 1 male, same data except VIIII-7-1986, M. J. Lyons; 1 male, same data except VIII-21-1986; 1 male, 1 female, 1 mi NE East Inlet Dam, V-10- 1986, D. S. Chan- dler, sift conifer logs; 1 male, 1 female, same data except VI-24- 1986, sift conifer leaf litter; 1 male, same data except VIII-7-1986, M. J. Lyons; 1 male, 2 females, same data except sift conifer logs; 1 male, Jefferson Notch, 3000' IX-20-1974, A. Newton, berlese forest litter; 1 male, Mt. Washington, Auto Road, 2700', VI-18- 1982, D. S. Chandler, sift leaf litter along stream. South Dakota: 1 male, Custer Co., 7 mi E Custer, Rt. 16A, 5300' VII-12-1959, C. C. Hoff, woody debris at base of yellow pine (FMNH); 1 female, Pennington Co., 6 mi NW Keystone, Rt. 16, 5200', VII-11- 1959, C. C. Hoff, midden of pine cone scales under oaks (FMNH). CANADA: Newfoundland: 1 male, 1 female, Pasadena, VIII-2- 1976, E. E. Lindquist, ex:birch-maple litter (CNCI). Nova Scotia: 1 male, Cape Breton National Park, North Mtn., VII- 1 1-1983, J. R. Vockeroth, pantraps (CNCI). Nova Scotia: 1 male, Cape Breton National Park, North Mtn., VII- 1 1 - 1983, J. R. Vockeroth, pantraps (CNCI). Quebec: 1 male, 1 female, Dosquet, V-26/29-1976, C. Chantal, tamisage litiere feuillue (DSC); 1 male, same data except



================================================================================

52 Psyche [vo~. 98
V-24-1973, tamis sphaigne (CCC); 2 males, Ile d'Anticosti, Lac Larouche, VII- 1 1 - 1973, VII-22- 1973, C. Chantal, tamisage mousses (CCC, DSC); 1 female, Sept-lies, IX-3-1990, C. Chantal (CCC); 1 male, Laurentide Park, VIII-28-1956, H. S. Dybas (FMNH); 1 male, Lac Cascapedia, Parc Gaspesie, 1700', VII-14- 1972, J. M. & B. A. Campbell (CNCI). Manitoba: 1 male, 1 female, Sandilands Prov. Forest, 24 km W Hadashville, Hwy. 1, VI-17-1984, R. E. Roughley, berl. sample of moss in white cedar forest (JBWM). The name is derived from the more hirsute appear- ance of this species.
This species is most commonly collected in conifer leaf and log litters, and has been collected in mosses in Canada. In addition to the male differences, it may be separated from testaceus by the more shaggy appearance, with the dorsal setae longer and more erect, especially on the elytra.
Lucifotychus was defined by Chandler (1988) as having mem- bers possessing an apical appendix on the fourth segment of the maxillary palpi, a phallobase diaphragm, symmetrical genitalia, a complete array of the foveae that are found in the Tychini, unmod- ified male metatrochanters, and a number of other features. Tes- taceus possesses all of these features, but has weakly modified male metatrochanters. Hirsutus also has modified male meta- trochanters, but the aedeagus has an asymmetrical penis and lacks a phallobase diaphragm. Since hirsutus possesses the unusual and derived feature of the appendix of the fourth segment of the maxil- lary palpi, it clearly belongs in or near Lucifotychus, and is placed in that genus until further work can be done on the Tychini of the eastern Palearctic region.
Lucifotychus quirsfeldi n. sp.
(Figs. 8, 10)
Length 1.84-2.00. Body orange brown, setae over dorsal por- tion of body relatively short, basal angle of setae on elytra 20-40'. Males with 16 facets in eyes, trochanters not modified, protibiae with preapical spur on mesal margin, mesotibiae with blunt subapi- cal spur on mesal margin, sternite VI twice as long as V, flattened at middle, apex of VI slightly and broadly emarginate along base of VII, VII nearly twice as wide as long.



================================================================================

19911 Chandler 53
Females with 16 facets in eyes, lacking modifications of legs; sternite VI broadly rounded as in preceding sternites, nearly as long as V.
Holotype male: body 2.00 long, elytra 0.60 long, 0.72 wide, ely- tral setae 0.06-0.07 long.
Specimens examined, 2: HOLOTYPE male, North Carolina, Yancey Co., Mt, Mitchell, 4-6000', VI- 1939, Quirsfeld (CNCI). PARATYPE female, eutopotypical (DSC). The name for this species is taken from the collector of the series. I would like to thank the following individuals for their cooper- ation in the loan of specimens over a period of many years: Lee H. Herman, American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH); Claude Chantal, Sept-Iles, Quebec (CCC); Fred G. Andrews, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento (CDAE); J. Milton Campbell, Biosystematics Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario (CNCI); Alfred F. Newton, Field Museum of Nat- ural History, Chicago (FMNH) ; Daniel Burckhardt, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (MNHG); Francois Genier, Insectar- ium du Montreal, Quebec (IMC); John A. Wagner, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (JAW); Robert E. Roughley, Univer- sity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba (JBWM); Laurent LeSage, Biosystematics Research Centre, Ottawa (LLC); Scott R. Shaw, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge (MCZC); Roy Danielsson, Zoological Museum, University of Lund (MZLU); Robert E. Nelson, Colby College, Waterville, ME (REN); Jim Pakaluk, Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence (SEMC); John M. Kingsolver, Systematic Ento- mology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C. (USNM). John F. Burger and R. Marcel Reeves, University of New Hampshire, Durham, are thanked for reading the manuscript.
The largely western Nearctic genus Lucifotychus is represented by three species in eastern North America: testaceus (Casey) and hirsutus n. sp. from northeastern North America, and quirsfeldi n.



================================================================================

Psyche [Vol. 98
Figs. 1-4. Lucifotychus testaceus: 1, dorsal habitus; 2, dorsal and left lateral view of aedeagus; 3, posterior view right prochanter; 4, posterior view right meta- trochanter. Figs. 5-7. L. hirsutus: 5, dorsal and left lateral view aedeagus; 6, pos- terior view right protrochanter; 7, posterior view right metatrochanter. Fig. 8. L.
quirsfeldi, dorsal and left lateral view aedeagus.



================================================================================

99 11 Chandler 55
Figure 9. Distribution of testaceus.
Figure 10. Distribution of hirsutus (circles) and quirsfeldi (triangle).



================================================================================

56 Psyche [vo~. 98
sp. from North Carolina. L. testaceus is associated with deciduous forest litter, and hirsutus with coniferous forest litter. BOWMAN, J. R.
1934 The Pselaphidae of North America. Privately published. Pittsburgh, PA. 149 pp.
BRENDEL, E. AND H. F. WICKHAM
1890 The Pselaphidae of North America. A monograph. Bull. Lab. Natur. Hist. State Univ. Iowa 1: 216-304, pis. 6-9. CASEY, T. L.
1884 Contributions to the descriptive and systematic coleopterology of North America. Part I. Collins Printing House, Philadelphia, PA. 60 pp. 1894 (1893) Coleopterological notices. V. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 281-606.
CHANDLER, D. S.
1987 Species richness and abundance of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) in old- growth and 40-year-old forests in New Hampshire. Can. J. Zool. 65: 608-6 15.
1988 A cladistic analysis of the world genera of Tychini (Co1eoptera:Pse- laphidae). Trans Amer. Ent. SOC. 114: 147-165. GRIGARICK, A. A. AND R. 0. SCHUSTER
1962 Notes on Tychini from Western North America (Co1eoptera:Pselaphi- dae). Pan-Pac. Ent. 38: 169-177.
LECONTE, J. L.
1849 On the Pselaphidae of the United States. J. Boston Soc. Natur. Hist. 6: 64-1 10.
LENG, C. W.
1920 Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico. Sherman, Mt. Vernon, NY. 470 pp.
PARK, 0.
1956 New or little known species of pselaphid beetles from Southeastern United States. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 54-100. PARK, 0. AND J. A. WAGNER
1962 (1961) Family Pselaphidae, pp. 4-31, pis. 1-10. In M. H. Hatch, The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part 111. Pselaphidae and Diversicor- nia I. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. ix + 503 pp. REICHLE, D. E.
1966 Some pselaphid beetles with boreal affinities and their distribution along the postglacial fringe. Syst. 2001. 15: 330-344. 1969 Distribution and abundance of bog-inhabiting pselaphid beetles. Trans. Illinois Acad. Sci. 62: 233-264.




================================================================================