Donald S. Chandler.
New genera and species of Tyrini from Australia (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae).
Psyche 94:15-34, 1987.

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NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF TYRINI FROM
AUSTRALIA (COLEOPTERA: PSELAPHIDAE)*
BY DONALD S. CHANDLER
Department of Entomology
University of New Hampshire
Durham, NH 03824
While preparing a paper on the pselaphid genera of Australia, three groups of the Tyrini, subtribe Tyrina, were discovered which could not be placed within the current generic concepts of the Aus- tralian fauna. One of these groups appears to be congeneric with Tyrogetus Brow from New Zealand, while the other two represent undescribed genera. With the recognition of these taxa, the major generic components of the Tyrini appear to be described for Australia.
All measurements are in millimeters. Slides of cleared and disar- ticulated specimens were used to determine the patterns of foveation of the genera. Holotypes are placed in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, or in the National Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford.
Tyrogetus Broun
Tyrogetus Broun is represented by two species from New Zea- land, optandus Broun (figured by Jeanne1 1962:448) and palpalis Broun. Three undescribed species from Tasmania are very close to these New Zealand species based on the suite of characters used to differentiate genera in the Tyrini. The two New Zealand species are easily separated by tergite I being five times the length of 11, while the length of tergite I in the three Tasmanian species is about twice the length of II, The maxillary palpi of one Tasmanian species (occidentalis n. sp.) is relatively robust, while the palpi of the New Zealand species are more elongate and narrow, and the palpi of the two other Tasmanian species are the longest and narrowest. The relative lengths of the tergites and form of the maxillary palpi are *Scientific Contribution Number 1461 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Exper- iment Station.
Manuscript received by the editor January 5, 1987. Pncht W15-M (1987). hupYtpsych~-einclubo~Μφ4f94-01 html



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16 Psyche [Val. 94
often used in conjunction with other characters to discriminate gen- era in the Tyrini. However, all other features used to separate tyrine genera are uniform in these species, and, coupled with the identical suite of foveae and quite similar general appearance, it is readily apparent that these five species form a monophyletic group. At this time I prefer to take a conservative course and place the undescribed Tasmanian species in Tyrogetus without division into subgenera or genera, at least until the New Zealand fauna is better known. Tyrogetus Broun is characterized by: Body smooth, legs rugosely pebbled; head nude with vertexal foveae placed laterally above eyes, nude antero-median fovea at base of antenna1 tubercle, antennae with apical three flagellomeres forming club, segments 11-IV of maxillary palpi elongate and basally pedunculate, 1 gular fovea; pronotum lacking antebasal foveae or sulcus, prosternal foveae present; elytra with two basal foveae; lateral mesosternal foveae broadly meeting internally, with small anterior fork, shallow median mesosternal fovea, lateral mesocoxal foveae placed poste- rior to mesocoxae, with median metasternal fovea; metasternum short, longitudinally tumid between meso- and metacoxae, meta- coxae abruptly strongly protruding at junction with trochanters; abdomen with tergite I two to five times length of 11, 11-IV sub- equal, I11 shorter than IV, I with three basolateral foveae, antero- lateral foveae small, 11-IV with two baso-lateral foveae separated or partially fused, V with single baso-lateral fovea; sternites 11-111 deeply incised laterally at base (only visible on cleared specimens), incision joining globular invagination medially, IV-VI lacking baso- lateral foveae.
1. Fourth segment of maxillary palpi no more that three times as long as wide, basal third abruptly narrowed (Fig. 1); eyes with about 15 facets .......................... occidentalis n. sp. Fourth segment of maxillary palpi five times or more as long as wide, gradually narrowed (Fig. 5); eyes with 10 or fewer facets ................................................ .2 2. Length 1.5-1.8; males with paired teeth at apex of fifth tergite (Fig. 7); southwestern Tasmania .............. howardi n. sp. Length 1.3; male lacking teeth at apex of fifth tergite; northeast- ern Tasmania .............................. minimus n. sp.



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19871 Chandler- Tyrini from Australia 17 Tyrogetus occidentalis n. sp.
(Figs. 1-4)
Length 1.68-1.77. Body with moderately dense appressed setae; maxillary palpi with last segment angulate and directed laterally in apical two-thirds, abruptly swollen at point of angulation; eyes with about 15 facets; elytra with discal stria extending past middle; ter- gite I twice length of 11, I1 as long as IV, 111 three-fourths length of 11, V with narrowly truncate apex, apex slightly indented; protro- chanters with stout swollen ventral knob, profemora with flattened carina on inner margin from near base to middle, protibia with small spur at apex.
Males with sternites 11-IV flattened medially, V with shallow lon- gitudinal groove.
Females with sternites 11-V medially convex. Measurements of holotype: Maxillary palpi with fourth segment 0.06 wide, 0.16 long; tergite I 0.33 long, I1 0.17 long, 111 0.13 long, IV 0.18 long, V 0.07 long; carina on profemora 0.17 long. Specimens examined, 6: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, Mt. Field National Park, near SE end Lake Fenton, 1000 m, I-30111-5-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus gunnii-Richea spp.-Arthro- taxis spp.-Phyllocladus asplen. forest (ANIC). PARATYPES: 1 male, Hartz Mountains National Park, Hartz Road, 740 m, 11-81 10-1980, Eucalyptus-Nothofagus, A. Newton & M. Thayer, berlese forest leaf & log litter (DSC); 1 male, Willie's Saddle, 9 km W Geeveston, 370 m, 11-8110-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Eucalyptus forest, berlese forest leaf & log litter (AFN); 1 female, Great Lakes, C. Oke (MVMA); 1 male, 1 female, no locality, C. Oke collection (MVMA). Found in the southwestern half of Tasmania. Discussion: This species is quite similar in general appearance to palpalis Broun. In occidentalis tergite I is shorter, flagellomere VII is wider than VI and forms the base of the antennal club, and the last segment of the maxillary palpi is expanded in the apical two- thirds. Palpalis has tergite I longer, flagellomere VII is barely wider than VI so the antennal club appears almost two-segmented, and the last segment of the maxillary palpi is expanded in the apical half. Etymology: The name is derived from the distribution in the western portion of Tasmania.




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Psyche [vo~. 94
Line to right of figures is equal to 0.1 mm. Figs. 1-4.
Tyrogetus occidentalis n. sp.
1. Dorsal view right maxillary palpus;
2. posterior view right profemur; 3. dorsal view tergite V; 4. right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.
Figs. 5-8.
Tyrogetus howardi n. sp. 5. Dorsal habitus; 6. dorsal view right maxillary palpus; 7. dorsal view tergite V; 8. right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.




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19871 Chandler- Tyrini from Australia 19 Tyrogetus howardi n. sp.
(Figs. 5-8)
Length 1.50-1.74. Body with sparse short appressed setae; eyes small, with 8-10 facets, maxillary palpi elongate-pedunculate, with stems longer than swollen areas, last segment narrowly swollen beyond midpoint; elytra with discal stria indistinct past middle; tergite I twice as long as 11, I1 and IV subequal, I11 over half as long as 11, V longitudinally carinate with two lateral teeth at apex; meta- sternum strongly tumid and carinate bet ween meso- and metacoxae; profemora with narrow elongate oval smooth area on antero-mesa1 margin delimited by fine carina.
Males with sternites 111-V barely flattened medially, VI with faint circular impression through entire length. Females with sternites 111-V convex medially. Measurements of holotype: Maxillary palpi with fourth segment 0.03 wide, 0.24 long; tergite I 0.36 long, I1 0.16 long, I11 0.09 long, IV 0.15 long, V 0.07 long; smooth area on profemur 0.24 long. Specimens examined, 9: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, Lower Gor- don River, 42.43s 145.45E, 42.43s 145.50E, 11-3-1977. Howard & Hill, HEC Survey, litter (ANIC). PARATYPES: 1 female, same data as holotype (ANIC); 1 female, same data except 11-8-1977 (ANIC); 1 male, Lower Gordon River, 42.42s 145.53E, 42.41.5s 145.53E, 11-3- 1977, Howard & Hill, HEC Survey, litter (DSC); 1 female, Lower Gordon River, 42.42s 145.48E, 42.41s 145.49E, 11-13-1976, How- ard & Hill, HEC Survey, moss (DSC); l male, Lower Gordon River, 42.48.5s 145.5 1 E, 42.48s 145.54E, 111-1-1977, Howard & Hill, HEC Survey, moss (DSC); 1 female, same data except III-4- 1977, litter (ANIC); 1 male, Willie's Saddle, 9 km W Geeveston, 310 m, 11-81 10-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Eucalyptus forest, ber- lese forest leaf & log litter (AFN); 1 male, Mt. Field National Park, Lake Dobson Road, 710 m, I-30111-5-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus-Eucalyptus forest, berlese forest leaf & log lit- ter (AFN). Found in the southwestern half of Tasmania. Discussion: Howardi n. sp. shares with minimus n. sp. the reduced eyes and elongate palpi which are only narrowly enlarged apically. Howardi is larger than minimus, the last tergite of the male is produced into two teeth at the apex, and the aedeagus is deeply emarginate at the apex.




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20 Psyche [vo~. 94
Etymology: Named for C. Howard, who collected many psela- phids during the H. E. C. Survey of the Lower Gordon River. Tyrogetus minimus n. sp.
(Fig. 9)
Length 1.29. Body with sparse short appressed setae; maxillary palpi elongate-pedunculate, last segment with apical half narrowly enlarged, eyes with 6-7 facets; elytra with discal stria not reaching to middle; tergite I twice as long as 11, I1 almost twice as long as 111, I1 and IV subequal, V with strong median carina through apical half of length; metasternum short, strongly tumid between meso- and metacoxae.
Males with transverse impression through length of sternite V. Females unknown.
Measurements of holotype: Maxillary palpi with fourth segment 0.04 wide, 0.24 long; tergite I 0.28 long, I1 0.13 long, 111 0.07 long, IV 0.1 1 long, V 0.06 long.
Specimen examined: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, 4.4 km SE Weldborough, 460 m, 11-121 14-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus, etc. forest, berlese forest leaf & log litter (ANIC). Found in northeastern Tasmania.
Discussion: Quite similar in general appearance to howardi n. sp. by the reduced eyes and narrowly swollen maxillary palpi. Sepa- rated by the smaller size, simple apex of the last male tergite, and the broadly protruding apex of the aedeagus. Etymology: The name was suggested by the small size of this species.
Tasmanityrus n. gen.
Tyromorphus auricomus Lea is an anomaly in Tyromorphus Raffray (17 species, Australia and Tasmania). It is somewhat similar in general appearance to the members of Tyromorphus, but differs conspicuously in the form of the maxillary palpi, which are elongate and pedunculate in auricomus (Fig. 10) and are radically different from the short, stout apical segments in Tyromorphus (Fig. 11). It is surprising that Lea placed auricomus in this genus, since the palpal form actually approaches that of GeraZlus Sharp (8 species, Austra- lia and Tasmania), with the fourth palpal segment of Gerallus being more fusiform and only narrowly pedunculate at the base (Fig. 12).



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Chandler- Tyrini from Australia 21
Fig. 9.
Tyrogetus minimus n. sp., right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia. Fig. 10. Tasmanityrus auricomus (Lea), dorsal view right maxillary palpus. Fig. 1 1. Tyromorphus comes (Schaufuss), dorsal view right maxillary palpus. Fig. 12. Gerallus palpalis (King), dorsal view right maxillary palpus. Fig. 13-15. Tasmanityrus hilli n. sp. 13. Dorsal habitus; 14. posterior view right middle leg; 15. right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.



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22 Psyche [vo~. 94
The suite of male characters used in discrimination of species of Gerallus and Tyromorphus occur in different areas of the body for each genus. Tasmanityrus possesses only a few simple male charac- ters on the mesotrochanters and mesotibiae, which occur in many other genera, but with the unique feature of having lost either the right or left paramere. The remaining paramere is more developed than in groups with two parameres, and projects to either side. In Gerallus the parameres are free and elongate, while in Tyromorphus they are reduced and symmetrical. Based on the aedeagal charac- ters, the male cuticular modifications, and the palpal form, it is clear that this is a monophyletic group of seven very similar species which is perhaps closest to, but distinct from, Gerallus. Type species, Tyromorphus auricomus Lea. Gender of genus, masculine.
Tasmanityrus n. gen. is characterized by: head with nude vertexal foveae, paired gular foveae, segments 11-IV of maxillary palpi clearly pedunculate at base, antenna1 club of last three flagello- meres; prothorax with small median and lateral antebasal foveae, lacking transverse antebasal sulcus, procoxal foveae present; elytra with two large basal pubescent foveae, discal stria distinct past mid- dle of elytra; tergite I with three basolateral foveae, anterior foveae small, 11-V with single basolateral fovea; sternites 11-111 and V with deep sulci at basolateral margins extending medially and then abruptly curving anteriorly, I1 with large baso-lateral foveae medial to sulcal incision, with deep transverse sulcus between medial foveae, two teeth projecting anteriorly from posterior margin of sulcus at inner margin of metacoxae; mesosternum with large lateral mesosternal foveae meeting medially, with small anterior branches, median mesosternal fovea present, lateral mesocoxal foveae present, median metasternal fovea present.
Females are very similar and are associated with males solely on the basis of identical collection data. The genitalia of all males, except for those of hilli n. sp. which have differently modified male mesotrochanters, were extracted to check identification. Two spe- cies were collected at several sites, but the data associated with the specimens collected by John Kethley indicate that these species were found in different leaf litters. The following key is based only on male features. Males may be recognized by the modified mesotro- chanters, the large apical mesotibial spur, and sternites medially flattened to concave. Also, males tend to have the outer face of the mandibles bearing a more conspicuous medial tooth.



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Mesotrochanters carinate ventrally (Fig. 14), mesotibial spurs small, barely longer than first mesotarsomeres ...... hilli n. sp. Mesotrochangers with ventral tooth (Fig. 16), mesotibial spurs 1.4X or more as long as first mesotarsomeres .............. .2 (1) Apical flagellomeres at most barely curved ventrally in apical half, ventral margin nearly straight; northeastern Tasmania. ... ........................................ simplicis n. sp. Apical flagellomeres strongly curved ventrally toward apex, out- line strongly concave in lateral view (Fig. 13) .............. .3 (2) Right paramere developed, longer than penis (Fig. 17); southwestern Tasmania. ..................... newtoni n. sp. Left paramere developed ............................... .4 (3) Penis apex acute, paramere abruptly curved laterally at apex (Fig. 19); southwestern Tasmania ........... auricomus (Lea) Penis apex broadly truncate or broadly asymmetrical, paramere differently formed (Figs. 20-22). ......................... .5 (4) Mesotrochanteral spurs and apical spur of mesotibiae same length; northeastern Tasmania. .............. orientalis n. sp. Mesotrochanteral spurs at most two-thirds length of apical spur of mesotibiae ......................................... .6 (5) Penis apex symmetrical, paramere broadly rounded to medial point; southwestern Tasmania ................. thayeri n. sp. Penis apex asymmetrical with left margin protruding, paramere apex truncate and acutely angled laterally; northwestern Tas- mania ............................... septentrionalis n. sp. Tasmanityrus hilli n. sp.
(Figs. 13-15)
Length 1.83-2.01. Male with deep oblique ventral impression on last flagellomere, penultimate flagellomere asymmetrical, obtusely produced on ventral margin; mesotrochanters carinate ventrally, mesotibiae with apical spur as long as first tarsomere, spur acutely pointed at apex; aedeagus with asymmetrical apex, right paramere strongly developed, flattened and twisted ventrally, expanded at apex.
Measurements of holotype: Flagellomere VII 0.10 wide, 0.11 long; VIII 0.11 wide, 0.12 long; IX 0.12 wide, 0.24 long; mesotibial spur 0.05 long, first mesotarsomere 0.06 long.



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24 Psyche [vo~. 94
Specimens examined, 109: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, W side Lake St. Clair, c. 750 m, 1-25129-1980, Nothofagus, etc., berlese leaf & log litter (ANIC). PARATYPES: 4 males, 7 females, eutopotypical (AFN, DSC); 1 male, 3 females, St. Clair National Park, nr. Echo Point, 11-1 1-1977, J. Kethley, Nothofagus cunninghami litter with fungal mat. (golden) (FMNH); 1 male, 5 females, Zeehan-Renison Bell St. Res., Scenic Drive, 250 m, 11-18-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus, etc. (AFN); 1 male, 3 females, 10 mi SE Smith- ton, Savage River, 111-5-1977, J. Kethley, very dry Nothofagus cun- ninghami litter (FMNH); 1 male, 40 km SW Smithton, 111-4-1977, J. Kethley, Acacia melanoxylon litter (FMNH); 28 males, 54 females, Lower Gordon River, many different latitude and longi- tude records, 11-1 1-1976, 1-21 / 111-1-1977, 1-1978, Howard & Hill, HEC Survey, moss, litter (ANIC, DSC). This species consists of most of the type-series of T. auricomus (Lea) from Waratah (ANIC, SAMA). Found in the southwestern two-thirds of Tasmania. Discussion: The males are easily separated from the other species by the carinate mesotrochanters. Most similar to newtoni n. sp. by the form and development of the right paramere, and the oblique impression on the venter of the apical flagellomere. Etymology: Named for L. Hill, who collected many pselaphids during the HEC Survey on the Lower Gordon River. Tasmanityrus newtoni n. sp.
(Figs. 16-17)
Length 1.74-1.95. Male with apex of last flagellomere curved ventrally, acute, venter impressed in apical half, penultimate flagel- lomere somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally but otherwise symmetri- cal; mesotrochanters with ventral spine near base, mesotibiae with apically spatulate to pedunculate spur, almost twice as long as first tarsomere; aedeagus with symmetrical apex, right paramere strongly developed, flattened and twisted ventrally to subacute apex. Measurements of holotype: Flagellomere VII 0.1 1 wide, 0.1 1 long, VIII 0.13 wide, 0.1 1 long, IX 0.14 wide, 0.24 long; mesotro- chanteral spur 0.04 long, mesotibial spur 0.08 long, first tarsomere 0.05 long.
Specimens examined, 115: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, Mt. Field National Park, Lake Dobson Road, 610 m, I-30111-4-1980, A. New- ton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus-Eucalyptus forest, berlese leaf & log



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Chandler- Tyrini from Australia
Fig. 16-17.
Tasmanityrus newtoni n. sp.
16. Posterior view right middle leg;
17. right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia. Fig. 18, Tasmanityrus simplicis n. spSy right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.
Fig. 19. Tasmanityrus auricomus (Lealy right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.
Fig. 20. Tasmanityrus orientalis n. sp., right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.
Fig. 21.
Tasmanityrus thayeri n. sp.> right lateral and dorsal view male genitalia.



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26 Psyche [vo~. 94
litter (ANIC). PARATYPES: 1 male, 2 females, eutopotypical (DSC); 1 male, 3 females, same data except, 710 m, I-30111-5-1980 (AFN); 3 males, 1 female, Willie's Saddle, 9 km W Geeveston, 310 m, 11-81 10- 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Eucalyptus forest, berlese forest leaf & log litter (AFN, ANIC); 1 male, The Gap, Florentine Road, 15 km WNW Maydena, 600 m, 11-1-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothof~gus, etc., berlese forest leaf & log litter (AFN); 2 males, 2 females, Florentine Valley, 29.2 km WNW Maydena, on Eleven Road, 460 m, 11-1/6-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus, berlese forest leaf & log litter (AFN, DSC); 11 males, 8 females, 22 km NW Maydena, Florentine Valley, TOO', 11- 15-1 977, J. Kethley, litter of Eucalypius regnans & Dicksonia antarctica in depression (DSC, FMNH); 1 male, 3 females, same data except, litter base of Eucalyptus (FMNH); 1 male, same data except, 11-14-1977, Notho- fagus cunninghami litter at base of log (FMNH); 3 males, 28 km NW Maydena, Derwent Valley, 800', 11-1 6- 1977, J. Kethley, mixed litter Nothofagus cunninghami & Atherosperma moschatum (FMNH); 1 male, Hartz Mountains National Park, Hartz Road, 740 m, 11-8110-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Eucalyptus- Nothofagus forest, berlese forest leaf & log litter (AFN); 1 male, 1 female, Hastings St. Res., near Newdegate Cave, 130 m, 11-9-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, trapped in floating debris, forest stream (AFN); 6 males, 16 females, Lower Gordon River, 42.56s 145SOE, 42.54s 145.54E, 11-18-1977, Howard & Hill, HEC Survey, litter (ANIC, DSC); 1 male, 3 females, same data except, 42.51.5s 145.48E, 42.40.5s 145.5 1 SE (ANIC); 5 males, 12 females, same data except, 42.48.5s 145.5 1 E, 42.48.5s 145.54E, 111-4-1977 (ANIC, DSC); 1 male, 3 females, Mt. Wellington, XII-24/26-1978, L. Hill (ANIC); 4 males, 6 females, 10 km NW Hobart, Mt. Wellington, 1-27-1977, litter under Dicksonia antarctica (FMNH); 1 male, Mt, Wellington, Griffith (SAMA); 2 males, 6 females, Mt. Wedge, XII- 8-1982, S. Endrody-Younga, Nothofagus litter (TMSA); 1 male, 2 females, no locality (MVMA). Found in the southwestern half of Tasmania.
Discussion: The males are most similar to those of hilli by the form and development of the right paramere. Newtoni is easily separated from hilli by spurred mesotrochanters, long spatulate to pedunculate mesotibial spurs, and symmetrical penis apex. Etymology: Named for A. F. Newton, Jr., who has collected many interesting Pselaphidae in Australia.



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Tasmanityrus simplicis n. sp.
(Fig. 18)
Length 1.95-2.16. Males with ventral margin of apical flagello- mere straight or only slightly curved; mesotrochanters with ventral spine near base, mesotibiae with long curved spur narrowly rounded at apex, spur almost half again as long as first mesotarsomere: aedeagus with apex symmetrical, probable right paramere short, strongly recurved to left.
Measurements of holotype: Flagellomere VII 0.09 wide, 0.11 long, VIII 0.10 wide, 0.10 long, IX 0.12 wide, 0.24 long; mesotro- chanteral spur 0.02 long, mesotibial spur 0.07 long, first mesotar- somere 0.05 long.
Specimens examined, 9: HOLOTYPE male, Tasmania, Mt, Ba,rrow Road, 890 m, 11-151 17-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Notk~fagz~~~ etc,, berlese forest leaf and log litter (ANIC). PARATYPES: 1 male, 3 females, eutopotypical (AFN, ANIC); 3 males, 1 female, track off Mt. Barrow Road, 780 m, 11-151 17-1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, Nothofagus, etc., berlese forest leaf & log litter (AFN, DSC). Found in the northeastern portion of Tasmania. Discussion: Unique in the simple apical flagellomeres of the male, right paramere strongly recurved, and broad symmetrical apex of the aedeagus.
Etymology: The name is derived from the simple apical flagello- meres.
Tasmanityrus auricomus (Lea), n. comb.
(Figs. 10, 19)
Tyromorphus auricomus Lea 191 1: 766, pl, 21, fig. 9. Holotype locality: Waratah, Tasmania. Holotype in South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA). Length 1.83-2.01. Males with last flagellomere curved ventraHy to point at apex, with oblique ventral impression, impression and flat- tened adjacent portions of flagellomeres VII-VIII roughened, flagel- lomere VIII obtusely protruding on ventral margin; mesotro- chanters toothed near base, mesotibiae with spatulate apical SPLIT, spur half again as long as first mesotarsomere; aedeagus with sym- metrical apex, left paramere developed, short and laterally curved abruptly to acute point at apex.