Lynn Siri Kimsey.
Distinction of the ‘Neochrysis’ genera and description of new species (Chrysididae, Hymenoptera).
Psyche 92:269-286, 1985.

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DISTINCTION OF THE 'NEOCHR YSZS' GENERA
AND DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES
(CHRYSIDIDAE, HYMENOPTERA)*
BY LYNN SIRI KIMSEY
Department of Entomology,
University of California,
Davis, CA 95616
The subgenera of Neochrysis comprise 4 distinct groups of species in the Chrysidinae (Chrysididae), which were discussed by Kimsey and Bohart (1980). Subsequent reevaluation of these subgenera indicates that they have sufficiently discrete diagnostic characteris- tics to justify their elevation to genera. Ipsiura is the most divergent group and is being elevated by Bohart (1985). The relationships of these groups to other genera of Chrysidinae are obscure. Although they have been placed in the Euchroeini, based on the widely open marginal cell and long radial sector (Kim- sey 1983), no sister group within this tribe is yet apparent and further study is necessary. However, these 4 taxa are closely related to each other, based on the characteristics given in table I, particu- larly those of the apical external sterna, RS vein and hindfemoral pit.
A number of abbreviations have been used, some of which are illustrated in fig. 1: T = gastral tergum, S = gastral sternum, F = flagellomere, MOD = midocellus diameter, LID = least interocular diameter.
In each list of included species an asterisk indicates that the tyoe has not been seen.
Specimens have been borrowed from the following institutions: cu~~~l~~-Departmento de Zoologia, Universidad de Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; DAVIS-Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California at Davis; MANHATTAN-Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan; NEW YORK- Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York; TUCUMAN-Institute Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina, and WASHINGTON-D~~~~~~~~~ of Entomology, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
*Manuscript received by the editor April20, 1985 269




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270 Psyche [VOI. 92
Key to the Genera Elevated from Neochrysis 1. Pronotum with sharp, protruding and nearly straight lateral car- ina (fig. 7); male S-IV large and usually metallic, two-thirds or more as long as S-I11 (fig. 12); female S-I11 longer than I1 (fig. 13); face with frontal carina extending up to and around midocellus ..................................... Zpsiura Linsenmaier Pronotal carina absent or punctate and irregular (fig. 6), not protruding; male S-IV only exposed fringelike beyond S-I11 (fig. lo), except in 4 species of Pleurochrysis; female S-I11 variable in length; facial carina present or absent. .................... .2 2. Head with elongate fovea along genal carina (fig. 2), metanotal lobe digitate and protruding (fig. 4), propodeum with medial tooth; female S-I11 longer than I1 (fig. 11) ... Exochrysis Bohart Head without genal fovea, metanotal lobe subtriangular, not protruding (fig. 5); propodeum without medial tooth, except Pleurochrysis alfkeni; female S-I11 subequal in length to I1 (fig.9) ................................................ 3 3. Hindfemur without basal pit; pronotal declivity with 2 deep submedial pits (fig. 3); T-I11 pit row pits large and deep and/or pit row depressed, often with prepit swelling (fig. 6). .......... ............................... Pleurochrysis Bohart Hindfemur with small circular or linear anterobasal pit; pronotal declivity without 2 deep submedial pits (rarely 2 pits apparently present); T-I11 pit row absent or only indicated by slight lateral depression or small pits, no prepit swelling (fig. 8) ............ ............................... Neochrysis Linsenmaier Exochrysis Bohart, N. Stat.
Exochrysis Bohart 1966: 141. Type: Chrysispanamensis Cameron l888:464. Monobasic and orig. desig.
Discussion. The most distinctive features of Exochrysis species are the genal fovea, a long slender depression along the ventral side of the genal carina (fig. 2), and the shape of the lateral metanotal tooth, which is digitate and protrudes away from the propodeal tooth (fig. 4). In addition Exochrysis species have a distinctive basomedial tooth on the propodeum, which is only found in Exoch- rysis and one species of Pleurochrysis, alfkeni, and have a hindfem- oral pit. All Exochrysis have four apical teeth on T-111. The black spots on S-I1 are sexually dimorphic, tending to be much smaller and farther apart in females.




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19851 Kimsey - Neochrysis genera 27 1
Table I. Generic Characteristics of Exochrysis, Ipsiura, Neochrysis and Pleuro- chrysis.
Characteristic Exochrysis Ipsiura Neochrysis Pleurochrysis Pronotal carina sharp
and protruding
Male S-IV exposed
Male S-IV two-thirds or
more as long as III*
Female S-111 longer than
11*
Head with genal fovea*
Metanotal lobe digitate
and protruding*
Hindfemur with basal pit*
Pronotal declivity with 2
pits
Propodeum with medial
tooth
T-111 without depressed
pit row
RS sigmoid, curving away
from costal margin
T-I anterolateral corners
sharp
*Characteristics unique to these genera. Exochrysis is the sister group of Ipsiura. Both have a well- developed facial carina that extends up to the midocellus, T-I gen- erally has sharp anterolateral corners and the female S-I11 is much longer than 11. A number of Exochrysis species, including imperfo- rata and leucostigma have a well-developed pronotal carina, although it is not as highly modified and sharp as in Ipsiura, Included Species: alabamensis (Mocshry) 19 14, imperfects (Gri- bodo) 1879, lemniscata Kimsey new species, leucostigma (Mocsary) 1889, panamensis (Cameron) 1888, silvanus Kimsey new species, spinigera (Spinola) 1838.
Key to the Species of Exochrysis
1. Scapal basin up to and including transverse frontal carina highly polished and impunctate except narrow band of minute punc-



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272 Psyche [VOI. 92
tures and sparse setae along ocular margin; propodeal medial projection longer than 1 MOD in dorsal view. ............... ............................... imperfects (Gribodo) Scapal basin covered with dense small punctures and silver setae, with at most a narrow polished, impunctate stripe; propodeal medial projection usually 1 MOD long or shorter in dorsal view .............................
(may be longer in spinigera)
.2
T-I11 without basolateral pale spot ....................... .3 T-I11 with large whitish or transparent basolateral spot. ..... .4 Sternum I1 spots about as far apart as wide in females and twice or more as far apart in males ......... .panamensis (Cameron) Sternum I1 spots at least twice as far apart as wide in females, and as far apart in males. ............. alabamensis (Mocsiry) Malar space longer than 1 MOD. ............ silvanus Kimsey Malar space equal to or, more usually, shorter than 1 MOD . . ......................................................5 T-I11 lateral margin between base and tooth strongly convex; S-I1 spots elongate ovoid in males, and 1.5 times or more as far .................
apart as wide in females
lemniscata Kimsey
T-I11 lateral margin between base and tooth concave, straight or only slightly convex basally; S-I1 spots round in males and less than 1.5 times as far apart as wide ....................... .6 T-I11 pits deep and larger than adjacent punctures, except medial pair; pit row wide and exposed; prepit swelling microsculptured ...........................
between pits spinigera (Spinola)
T-I11 pits small, subequal in size to adjacent punctures, except medial pair; pit row obscured by prepit swelling; prepit swelling polished between punctures ........... leucostigma (Mocsiry) Exochrysis lemniscata Kimsey, new species (Fig. 10)
Holotype male. Body length 9 mm. Scapal basin with narrow impunctate polished medial stripe and dense fine punctures and silvery pubescence along ocular margin; frontal carina an exagger- ated W shape, extending up to and nearly enclosing midocellus; malar space 0.7 MOD long; LID 1.3 times eye width; subantennal distance 1.0 MOD long; F-I length 2.1 times width; F-I1 1.1 times; F-I11 as long as wide; F-V 0.6 times; pronotum without lateral carina, medially depressed; mesopleural carina with one posterior



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19851 Kimsey - Neochrysis genera 273
10. Ex. lemniscatus c?
12 Ip. myops
Fig. 1. Head, front view; eye width (EW), frontal carina (FC), least interocular distance (LID), midocellus diameter (MOD), malar space (MS), subantennal dis- tance (SD). Fig. 2. Head, posterior view. Fig. 3. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. Figs. 4-5. Right side of metanotum and propodeum, dorsal view. Figs. 6-7. Body with legs removed, lateral view. Fig. 8. Tergum 111. dorsal view. Figs. 9-13. Sterna 11-111 (females) and IV (males). Ex. = Exochrysis, Ip. = Ipsiura. Ne. = Neochrysis, and PI. = Pleurochrysis.




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274 Psyche [Vol. 92
and two ventral lobes or teeth; propodeal median tooth about 1 MOD long; Rl length about two-thirds stigmal length; T-I punc- tures about twice as large as on 111, anterior corners sharp knoblike; T-I11 pit row sunken beneath prepit swelling, pits small and deep; S-I1 spots oblong and slender, about as far apart as long (fig. 10). Body generally blue green with purplish transverse stripes on T-I- 111; propodeum purple, except lateral teeth; black on vertex, ante- rior face and medial and sublateral pronotal stripes, medial and sublateral scutal stripes, and scutellum anteromedially; T-I1 lateral edge transparent; T-I11 with large transparent basolateral spot. Female. Same as male, except S-I1 spots about 1.5 times as far apart as wide.
Holotype male: BRAZIL: Sgo Paulo, 1 January 1965, V. N. Alin (DAVIS). Paratype female: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Ibiraci, October 1961, C. Elias.
Discussion. The differences between Exochrysis species are often subtle, involving details on the pronotum and T-111, and the shape of the spots on S-11. E. lemniscata most closely resemblespanamen- sis and leucostigma and all three are sympatric throughout much of their distributions. It can be distinguished from these species by the elongate spots on the male S-I1 and medium-sized, round ones in females (about 1.5 times as far apart as wide), and T-I11 with a white basolateral spot and small to tiny submedial pits. Exochrysis silvanus Kimsey, new species
(Figs. 2,4, 11)
Holotype male: Body length 9 mm. Scapal basin with narrow impunctate polished stripe, laterally with dense fine punctures and silvery pubescence; frons without transverse carina but with two vertical carinae extending back to midocellus; malar space 0.9 MOD long; LID 0.9 times eye width; subantennal distance 0.7 MOD long; F-1 1.5 times as long as wide; F-I1 as long as wide; F-I11 0.8 times; F-V 0.6 times; pronotum with lateral carina and depressed medially; mesopleuron with three knobs or teeth on posterior car- ina; metanotum not strongly spiculate, elevated medially; propodeal medial tooth small, 1 MOD long; Rl subequal to stigmal length; T-I punctures about twice the size of those on I1 and 111; T-I11 lateral margin convex, pit row depressed, sunken beneath prepit swelling, and two large pits located submedially; S-I1 spots large, ovoid and



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19851 Kimsey - Neochrysis genera 275
about twice as far apart as wide (fig. 11). Body greenish blue ven- trally, becoming bluer laterally and purplish black dorsally, with black spots on vertex medially and sublaterally on pronotum and scutum, scutellum medially, transverse submedial stripe on T-1-11; T-111 purple with whitish basolateral spot. Female. Same as male except 1 specimen much greener. Holotype male. COSTA RICA (DAVIS). Paratypes, two females: PANAMA: Zona del Canal, Barro Colorado Is., 5 September 198 1; BRAZIL: Amapa, 24 October 1978.
Discussion. This species most closely resembles leucostigma and alabamensis based on the strongly flattened male flagellum, T-I11 with a transparent basolateral spot, the long malar space, and T-111 with two large submedial pits. It can be distinguished by the indefi- nite transverse facial carina, presence of a pronotal carina, a small medial propodeal tooth, and convex lateral margin of T-111. Ipsiura Linsenmaier
Ipsiura Linsenmaier 1959:74. (4 spp,). Type: Chrysis marginalis Brulli 1846. Orig. desig.
Discussion. Ipsiura is the most distinctive of these four taxa, and is being elevated to genus by Bohart (1985). The pronotal carina is so enlarged that the pronotum almost appears winged in some spe- cies. The gastral sterna are distinctive in both sexes. In males S-IV is large and visible externally; it is two-thirds or more as long as I11 (fig. 12), and is metallic colored. Female S-111 is much longer than I1 (fig. 13). In males and often females the spots on S-11 are large and only narrowly separated (fig. 12). Tergum 111 is also quite diagnos- tic; the pits are shallow and elongate or only indicated by long, vague depressions (fig. 7), and there are two to six apical teeth. Included Species: affinissima (Ducke) 1903 NEW COMB., bisul- cata (Ducke) 1902, brevispina (Ducke) 19 1 1, ellampoides (Ducke) 1902, friesiana (Ducke) 1902, genbergi (Dahlbom) l854*, goeldi (Ducke) 1907, klugi (Dahlbom) 1854, leucobasis (Mocshry) 1889, leucocheila (Mocshry) 1889, leuchocheiloides (Ducke) 1903, low- ventris (Ducke) 1907, marginalis (Brullb) 1846, myops (Buysson) 1904, neolateralis (Bohart) 1963, obidensis (Ducke) 1903, pilifrons (Cameron) 1888.
See Bohart (1985) for a key to species and descriptions of new species.




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276 Psyche [vo~. 92
Neochrysis Linsenmaier
Neochrysis Linsenmaier 1959:73. Type: Chrysis punctatissima Spinola 1840, nec Villers 1789 (=Chrysis carina Brullk 1846). Monobasic and orig. desig. Discussion. Neochrysis and Pleurochrysis are closely related and may be difficult to separate. Neochrysis lacks a distinct pit row on T-111; pits may or may not be present but there is never a depression or prepit swelling, and it does have a hindfemoral pit. The spots on S-I1 are sexually dimorphic; in males they are large and narrowly separated (as in fig. 12), and in females these spots are small, often oblong and widely separated (fig. 9). In both genera the female S-I11 is subequal in length to S-I1 (fig. 9) and male S-IV protrudes only as a narrow fringe (fig. 10). All Neochrysis species have four apical teeth on T-111, except jenseni, with six to eight teeth. Included Species: argentina (Brbthes) 1908 NEW COMB., arizonen- sis Kimsey 1982, bubba Kimsey new species, cameroni (Buysson) 1900, carina (Brullb) 1846, confusa (Ducke) 19 1 1 NEW COMB., deute- roleuca (Mocshry) 19 12, inseriata (Mocshry) 1902, jenseni (Buys- son) 1906 NEW COMB., lecointei (Ducke) 1906, montezuma (Cam- eron) 1888, paraensis (Ducke) 1903, tysis Kimsey new species. Key to the Species of Neochrysis
Metanotum with medial carina and strongly protruding medi- ally in lateral view .................................... .2 Metanotum without medial carina and broadly rounded in lat- ............................................ era1 view .3
T-I11 pit row indicated by broad impunctate stripe; S-I1 spots round in both sexes ................... cameroni (Buysson) T-I11 pit row not indicated by impunctate stripe; S-I1 spots tiny and comma-shaped in males and linear in females ........... ......................................... carina (Brullk) T-111 with six or more apical teeth or angles ................ ...................................... .jenseni (Buysson) T-I11 with four apical teeth or angles .................... .4 Pronotum, scutum and scutellum covered with transverse striae; anterior pronotal declivity with broad impunctate stripe ........................................ typsis Kimsey Thoracic dorsum without transverse striae, anterior pronotal declivity without broad impunctate stripe ................ .5



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19851 Kimsey - Neochrysis genera 277
5. Rl and stigma1 lengths subequal ........................ .6 Rl two-thirds or less as long as stigma. .................. .8 6. S-I1 spots large and round much closer together than wide in both sexes; frons with irregular boxlike transverse carina. .... ................................. confusa (Ducke) S-I1 spots absent or tiny and round, and much farther apart than wide; frons without transverse carina. ............... .7 7. F-I less than twice as long as broad, T-I11 lateral margin between base and lateral tooth straight or only slightly convex .............................. inseriata (Mocshry) F-I twice or more as long as wide, T-I11 lateral margin between ..................... base and lateral tooth strongly convex .................................. montezuma (Cameron) 8. T-I11 with large basolateral transparent amber or whitish spot ..................................................... 9 T-I11 without basolateral spot, although may have narrow translucent edge ..................................... .10 9. Male F-I and I1 with long ventral fringe of silvery setae; female S-I1 spots round and slightly farther apart than wide; T-I11 apical teeth long and pronglike, medial notch deeper than wide apically .............................. arizonensis Kimsey Male F-I and I1 without fringe; female S-I1 spots subtriangular and much closer than wide; T-I11 apical teeth short and broad, medial notch as broad or broader than deep ................ ................................. paraensis (Ducke) 10. F-I twice or more as long as wide, large species 7-9 mm long. .................................................... 11 F-1 1.5 times as long as wide or less, small species 5-6 mm long .................................................... 12 1 1. S-I1 spots large and teardrop-shaped, much closer together than wide in females; male unknown. ............. bubba Kimsey S-I1 spots small and ovoid, twice as far apart as wide in females, small and slightly ovoid and 5 or more times as far apart as wide in males ................................ lecointei (Ducke) 12. Frons with irregular transverse carina and 2 or more irregular carinae extending from it toward vertex. .. argentina (Brkthes) Frons without carinae .............. deuteroleuca (Mocshry)



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Psyche
[Vol. 92
Neochrysis bubba Kimsey, new species
(Fig. 5)
Holotype female. Body length 10 mm. Scapal basin shallow with narrow impunctate and polished medial stripe, laterally with dense small punctures and silver pubescence; no frontal carina; malar space 0.6 MOD long; LID 0.7 times eye width; subantennal distance 0.7 MOD long; F-I 2.4 times as long as wide; F-I1 1.1 times; F-I11 0.8 times; F-V 0.7 times as long as wide; gena between ocular margin and carina polished and impunctate; mesopleuron rounded ven- trally, carina without posterior teeth or lobes, punctures 0.5-1 punc- ture diameter apart with tiny punctures between; metanotum evenly rounded; propodeum flat and vertical in lateral view; costal length beyond stigma subequal to stigma1 length; S-I1 spots large and ovoid, barely separated medially; T-I punctures larger than those on scutum and T-11, which are subequal; T-111 lateral margin slightly convex, pit row faintly depressed laterally with small deep pits about as large as adjacent punctures, without transparent basolat- era1 spot or edge. Body bluish green ventrally becoming bluer later- ally and darker dorsally, blackish dorsomedially. Male. Unknown.
Holotype female: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, Feb- ruary 1974, F. Plaumann (DAVIS). Paratypes, one male, one female: BRAZIL: Parana, Curitiba, 19 January 1968, A. Sakakibara (one male); BRAZIL: Parana, Piraquara, 13 January 1968, Moure and Laroca (one female).
Discussion. The most distinctive feature of bubba is the large spots on S-11, which serves to immediately distinguish this species from the two it most closely resembles, lecointei and montezurna. N. bubba can be distinguished from other Neochrysis species by having no frontal carina, either transverse or vertical; no white spots on T-111, and an evenly rounded metanotum.
Neochrysis tysis Kimsey, new species
Holotype female. Body length 7 mm. Scapal basin shallow with narrow impunctate and polished medial stripe, laterally with dense small punctures and silver pubescence; no frontal carina; malar space 0.4 MOD Long; LID 1.1 times eye width; subantennal distance 0.6 MOD long; F-I 1.4 times as long as wide; F-I1 and I11 1.1 times;



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19851 Kimsey - Neochrysis genera 279
F-IV 0.6 times; gena polished and impunctate for most of area between ocular margin and carina; pronotal anterior face with broad, polished and impunctate stripe, with lateral pronotal carina; dorsum of head and thorax strongly striate, punctures flattened and striatiform; mesopleuron relatively rounded ventrally, carina with- out teeth or lobes, punctures separated by 0.5-1 .O puncture diarne- ter; metanotum evenly rounded; propodeum flat and vertical in lateral view; Rl slightly shorter than stigma; S-I1 spots large and ovoid, barely separated medially; abdominal punctures flattened and oblong; T-I11 pit row only indicated by faint lateral depression, lateral margin slightly convex basally. Body bluish green, becoming purplish on T-111, T-I11 with large whitish transparent basolateral spot.
Male. Unknown.
Holotype female: VENEZUELA: Aragua, Ocumare de la Costa, 12 June 1976, Menke and Vincent (WASHINGTON). Paratype female: COLOMBIA: Antioquia, Medellin, May 1982, I. D. Correa (DAVIS).
Discussion. N. tysis can be distinguished from other Neochrysis by the impunctate stripe on the pronotum, striatiform dorsum and lack of a projection on the metanotum. This species most closely resemblesparaensis based on the shape and coloration of T-111, the evenly rounded metanotum and the pronotal carina. Pleurochrysis Bohart
Pleurocera Gukrin l842:3%. Nec Rafinesque 18 18. Type: Pieurocera viridis Gukrin 1842 (=Chrysis bruchi Brkthes 1903).
Pleurochrysis Bohart 1966: 144. N. name for Pleurocera Gukrin 1842. Discussion. Pleurochrysis contains a relatively heterogeneous group of species characterized by their lack of derived characteris- tics. The two features diagnostic for Pleurochrysis are the presence of 2 pits on the anterior face of the pronotum (fig. 3), and the lack of an anterobasal pit on the hindfemur. Unfortunately, the presence of pronotal pits is not a characteristic unique to Pleurochrysis and rare individuals of Neochrysis may have these pits as well. Pleurochrysis may be paraphyletic but the species it contains are clearly related; further study is needed.
Pleurochrysis species vary in a number of characteristics: The frontal carina is present or absent and may even enclose the mido-



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280 Psyche [VOI. 92
cellus in fascifera and leucophris. The pronotum has an irregular lateral carina inpostica and aljkeni but not in the other species. One species, aljkeni, has a medial propodeal tooth, which is particularly welldeveloped in some individuals. S-IV is generally narrow and fringelike in male Pleurochrysis (as in fig. lo), except in caviJrons, bruchi, leucophris and uruguayensis, where it is large and usually metallic green as in Ipsiura (fig. 12). A few species have a metanotal projection. Two characteristics are unique in this genus, but unfor- tunately do not occur in all species. The first is the presence of a small lateral tooth on the pronotum as seen in dorsal view (fig. 3). Second, a number of males have highly modified antennae. The most extreme case can be seen in bruchi where the flagellomeres are strongly flattened and flabellate. Typically, though, the male flagel- lum is yellowish and somewhat flattened. Finally, there is little sex- ual dimorphism in the spots on sternum 11, in most species these spots are round and about as far apart as wide in both sexes. Only one species, bruchi, has six apical teeth on T-111, the rest have four. Included Species: acuta (Brkthes) 1908, aljkeni (Ducke) l9O2*, ameghinoi (Brkthes) 1903, ancilla (Buysson) 1898, atacamae Kimsey new species, bruchi (Brkthes) 1902, cavfrons (Brullk) 1846, char-