Article beginning on page 413.
Psyche 9:413-418, 1900.

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November, 19021
PSYCHS.
At this stage many died from a disease
which killed also many of my excoecatzis and all my promethea larvae, and many
of Miss Eliot's hybrids in Nonquitt.
The "jromethea form " spun after the
fourth moult, but most of the "'Cynthia
form " moulted a fifth time.
After this moult they were like the
last stage, but much greener and with
much less bloom.
In this stage more died from the
same disease, though each was given a
tin by itself.
It is not possible to give. in writing
any adequate idea of the variety or the
GROUP CHARACTERISTICS OF
beauty of this "cynthia form." Both
forms came from eggs laid by the same
moth and kept separate from other eggs
laid after similar mating.
I think that anyone can obtain fertile
eggs of hybrids of Attache moths by
following my plan of arranging the
cages for mating, although every coition may not result in fertile eggs.
Eggs laid by a female tynthia which
I found out of doors mated with a male
A. cecropia failed to give larvae, as did eggs laid by cytzthia females mated with j-romethea males. I
SOME NORTH AMERICAN BUT-
TERFLIES - V.
BY SAMUEL H, SCUDDEK, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Apostraphia Hiibner.
Caterpillar at birth : All the tubercles rounded conical, one to a segment in
each row but the infrastigmatal where
there are two, three rows on each side
besides a supralateral series with append- ages less than half as long as the others. Mature cater-illar: Head covered with
a pair of slender, tapering, slightly re- curved spines. Each side of body with
three rows of very long and slender
straight, very scantily bristled spines, those of the upper rows equal and half
as long again as the segments. Chrjw-
alis: Body with strong laminate protu-
berances, the frontal pair excessively
elongate, widely divergent, ribbon-like
and serrate; antenna1 joints conspic-
uously spined ; third abdominal segment
and the adjoining segments to some
extent with it with a laminate laterodorsal flange crowned as the other abdominal
tubercles with slender aciculate spines, Apostraphia charithonia L. {HeZicon/a
charitonia Auct.). B-uiterfly : Wings rich blackish brown above, a little paler below. Fore wings crossed by three narrow yellow stripes, the middle one rnnning obliquely from costa, past the tip of cell toward the middle of the outer border; another subpard- lei to it midway to the tip of wing ; the third following the black median vein to its first fork and here bent abruptly parallel LO the others. Hind wings with' a rather narrow



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414 PSYCHE. [November, 1902
straight yellow band from base of abdomen toward outer angle, striking (on under sui- face) a couple of pale pink tunnies on sub- costal nervules; and midviay to margin a piu-allel maculate slender hand curving up- ward out~ardly (and beneath enclosing the pinkish luuules). A few dink cameous dots at base of wings and on inner margin bencuth. Expanse 80 mm. Eg;c Broadly truncated
at base, narrowly at summit with sides
scarcely convex except above and fourteen vertical I-ibs and few transversals ; color yel- low. Height 1.3 mm. Caterpillar a/ birth : Body uniform pale reddish brown, the head slightly paler, without appendages, the tuber- cles a little darker, the hairs bhick. Length ^2 mm. Mature cateq5iI.hr: Head greenish while with a pair of frontal black spots and long black coronal spines. Body dead white distantly spotted with black or brown, naked but for the exceedingly long piceons spines. Length 35 n~m. Feeds on Piissiflura.
Clwysalis: Crown in various shades and
streaked with gray and blackish; pi-ouot~~n~ and dorsal surface of first three abdominal segments each with a pair of large snhdorsal burnished gold spots ; sides of abdomen with a web of light colored strigae. Length
excluding frontal tubercles 24 mni.-South- ernmost United Stcites and southward (Beau- fort, N. C., L. R. Gibbes). The male butter- flie5 collect. around the female chrysalis for some time previous to cclosion.
Colaenis Hiher.
Butterfly: Palpi slender, rather thinly
haired; antennae nearly as long as the
body. with short pyriform club. Fore
wings more than twice as long as broad,
with rounded tip, the cell more than half the length of the wing; cell of hind
wings open, anal angle angulate.
Fore
tarsus of 8 not much shorter than tibia ; paronychia and pulvilli present. Egg\
Imperfectly known. Catei'filla.rat birth. Imperfectly known. Habits similar to
Basilarchia. Matzi-re caterpillar : Head with coronal tapering spines ; each side of body with three rows of moderately
slender not very scantily bristled straight spines, the uppermost about as long as
the segments in the middle of the body
but not longer at the ends. Chrysalis :
Frontal tubercles similar to Agraulis but not apically verrucose ; third to seventh abdominal segments with large subquad-
rate laterodorsal laminate flanges, the
anterior somewhat larger than the others. Colaenis Julia Fabr. (Pa$. alcionea Cram.). Butterfly : Wings bright reddish fulvous above, saFJron-brown beneath, both wings margined above with blackish brown in very varying widths, broadest on fore wings at the upper apex, on the hind wings in middle of outer hordes ; fore wings with a strongly oblique blackish stripe, broadest above, run- ning from the subcosta-1 vein across theapical edge of the cell to the middle of the outer rri~~.rgin. Beneath, at both extremities of the outer margin of hind wings and outer angle of fore wings one or two divided in cons pic^^. ous gray-while spots. Expanse of wings
8.;. mm. Egg: Yellow, laid in long rows. Cate~$ilZar at birth : Head dark. Body yel- low, alternate abdominal segments spotted with white: the bristles black. Mature cater- å´pilla : Head black with white sutures and lateral stripes. Body dark brown- ti-ans- versely and narrowly banded above with
lighter colors particularly on the thoracic segments; and on the sides broadly dashed ~ith still lighter colors in oblique masses pointed toward the spiracles; spines dark but often light at base. Length 38 nun. Feeds on I'assitiora. Chrysalis: Dark brown and pale yellowish brown, the former principally on the abdonien, the Iatte?- on the thorax and



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appendages, but the abdomen is lorigitudi- nally streaked "with the lighter color and the prominences of the thorax marked with the darker. Length-mm.-Southern Florida
and Texas and southward.
Colaenis delila Fabr. (Pa$ cilZene Cram.). Eztte?å´ft : [unfinished].
Agraulis Boisduval.
Butterfly: Palpi with swollen second
joint, densely clothed and rather thickly haired ; antennae much shorter than the
body with obtuse short subspatulate
club. Fore wings not more than twice
as long as broad with bluntly angulate
tip, the cell less than half the length of the wing'; cell or hind- wing open. Fore tarsus of $ nearly as long as tibia;
paronychia and pulvilli absent. Egg':
Subconoida.1, tapering distinctly from
near the base upward, the lateral cells
twice as broad as high. Laid singly.
Catq/illar (it birth : All the tubercles supporting the longest appendages ele-
vated conical and one to a segment in
each row; of which there are three on
each side besides a supralateral series
with appendages not more than a tent11
as long as the others. Matwe cater-
pillar: Head crowned with a pair of
stout scarcely tapering recurved spines. Each side oF body with three rows of
rather slender, scantily bristled spines, those of the upper row equal and a little longer than the segments. Chrysalis:
Frontal tubercles not elongate, a little divergent, compressed laminate, the edge verrucose ; joints of antennae with slight but unarmed tubercles ; third abdominal
segment with a laterodorsal flange like
but smaller than that of Colaenis, the
laterodorsal prominences on Lhe suc-
ceeding segments conical and not pro-
nounced.
Agraulis passiflorae Fahr. (Pa$ zninillue L., Dime å´yoy,77Zu I-Iiibn.). Butte$j~: Wings brilliant orange-red above, the fore wings with black veins thickened apically and six or seven small roiindisli black spots, those in the cell white-pupilled ; hind wings with three black discal spots and a submarginal row of interspacial round orange-red spots set in a black border of the wing. Beneath, the hind wings and apex of fore wing arc cinnamon-brown heavily blotched with great elongate dashes of black-edged nacreous sil. ver spots, ot which one in Lhc upper subcostal interspace of hind wings is deeply notched, Scales of stink-pad bristle-shaped, ai-mate, deeply 2-4 cleft. Evpanse 75 mm. Egg:
Yellow, broadly truncated at base, rounded at summit, with full sides having fourteen vertical ribs and few Lrarisvcrsiils ; height 1.3.T mm. Cate@I//ar at biriJi : Head brown witlho-nt spines. Hodj glossy brownish
orange, the hairs and tubercles black.
Length 3.5 illin. Mature rateffizllar : Head black with vertical orange stripes and black coron:il spines. Body glossy red-orange, longitudinally striped with black and some- times an infrnstigmatal gray or 11 hitc stripe ; spines piceons. Lei~gLh 37 mm. Feed;; 011 Passiflord and not, as M.idame .VIerian msert- ed, on Vanilla-whence the incorrect name given by Linn6. Ch7~jm7~f'.~ : Very variable in coloriition, from huff with greenish mark- i s to black mottled with liglitcr or darker tints, but in all appear two pink spots at the base of the head, a buff s11prastign-iiTl.al &tripe, and a Ihlack sinuate linear depression repre- senting the apex oi tlic cdl of the fore wings. Lcngtli 30 mm.-Southern portions of thu
Lnited States and southward (rmcly in West Virginia, Peinisylvitnia, md New Jersey). At least 2-broodcd.




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416 ps 1 Cm. [November, 1002
Subfamily NYMPHALINAE,
Tribe ARBYNNINI.
Butterfly: Club of antennae very short
and abruptly incrassated, subspatulate
with no inferior carination or a single
one; palpi large and bushy, the ter-
minal joint extremely short ; cell of hind wings closed; tibiae and tarsi clothed
with spines above. Egg: Sides with
vertical ribs from base to summit, the
whole egg rapidly narrowing in upper
half. Caterpillar at birth : Hairs of
body much longer than the segments,
spiculiferous, apically enlarged, aligned throughout. Mature cate7~illar : Body
covered with ranged corneous sparsely
aculiferous spines (none of which are
mediocIorsa1) crowned by an independ-
ent needle. Chrysalis : Abdomen with-
out ridges ; head independently swollen ; base of wings with a pair of tubercles ; cremaster short, stout, and equal.
Tribe VANESSINI.
Bzi.tte$y : Club of antennae moder-
ately long, more or less abruptly incras- sated, with three inferior carinations ; palpi stout with rather coarse and brist- ling vesliture, the last joint moderately long; second superior sulbcostal nervule of fore wings arising before the
tip of
the wing; two (rarely four) rows of
spines on under side of last tarsal joint; terminal appendages of male abdomen
closely concealed by the last segment.
Efg : Sides with strongly compressed
vertical ribs from base to summit, much
higher on upper than on lower half,
Caterpillar at birth: Hairs of body
much longer than the segments, not
spiculiferous, distinctly disaligned be- tween thoracic and abdominal segments.
Mafzwe caterpillar :
Body covered with
ranged corneous sparsely aculiferous
spines (some of which are mediodorsal)
crowned by an independent needle.
Chrysalis : Abdomen without ridges ;
head independently swollen ; base of
wings with a pair of tubercles; cre-
master long, slender, and tapering.
Tribe NYMPHALINI.
Butfeqf;~ :
Club of antennae long and
very gradually incrassated with four in- ferior carinations; palpi slender with
compact vestiture and very
short ter-
minal joint; precostal nervure of hind
wings arising opposite the parting of the costal and subcostal nervures ; under
surface of last tarsal joints
with four
rows of spines. Egg: Sides reticulate
with filamentous projections. Caterpillar at birth : Hairs of body not longer or
scarcely longer than the segments, the
ranged papillae dissimilar in size.
Ma-
t^re caterpillar: Body furnished irreg-
ularly with denticulate or stellate tu-
bercles. ChquaZis : Abdomen without
ridges ; head independently swollen ;
base of wings with only a single tubercle ; mesonotum with a striking median prom-
inence.
Tribe APATURINI.
Butterfly : Club of antennae long and
gradually incrassated with three inferior



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November, 1902 PSYCHE. 417
carinations ; palpi with compact vesti-
turc, the terminal joint very short; pre- costal ncrvure of hind wings arising
beyond the parting of the costal and
subcostal nervures ; under surface of
last tarsal joints with two rows of spines. Egg: Sides with vertical ribs from
base
to summit of nearly equal height through- out, or with vertical series of raised
points in the upper part of the egg only. Caterpillar at birth : Hairs of bocly not longer or scarcely longer than the seg-
ments, the ranged papillae of similar size. Mature caterpilllzr : Body pilose without spines or tubercles. Ch7ydis : Dorsurn
of abdomen cithcr longitudinally con-
spicuously kccled or transversely ridged. Subfamily SATYRINAE.
Butterfly: Palpi slender, strongly com-
pressed, heavily fringed with long scale- hairs. Antennae clothed, arcuate, with
drooping club never abrupt. Fore legs
of both sexes excessively atrophied, very small and furred. Some of the nervures
of the fore wings swollen at the base
(except in some tropical forms); discal
cell of hind wings closed by a strong vein (except in some tropical forms). Texture of wings delicate. Generally of somber
coloring with ocellated markings. Egg':
Subspheroidal, broadest below the mid.
die, either delicately reticulate or with numerous slight vertical ribs. Cater-
piIIizr at birth : Head much larger than segments following. Abdominal seg-
ments tapering slightly from in front
backward, longitudinally striped ; ranged appendages usually clubbed ; if not, then arcuate and (always?) larger in the mid- dle than next thc base. Mature cater-
pillar : Head with simple* or no coronal protuberances. Body cylindrical, pilose, longitudinally stiiped, the last segment bifurcate (except in a few tropical forms). Ch-ysahs: With no conspicuous promi-
nences, whole bocly well rounded. Abdo-
men not dccply separated from tholax,
with no transverse ridges and no tnedio- dorsal carina ; margin of wings generally cariuate from basal wing tubercle back-
waid. Ventral surface nearly straight.
Only a single tribe, Satyrini, occurs
within our district,
Tribe SATYRINI.
Hå´~~//e?å´ft Of moderate or small size. Some of the veins of the fore wing swol- len at the base ; hind wings with discal cell closed and only a slight or no precos- la1 cell. Egg: (Distinction from other
tribes unknown.t) Cate7pillar at birth : (Distinction from other tribes un-
known.$) Mature caterpillar : Simply
pilose, without fasciated hairs and with- out lateral spines on the head ; forks of last body segment always present and
rarely of excessive length. Solitary in
life, and mostly nocturnal in habit.
Chrysalis: No distinction from other
tribes noted.
*In Dynastor only (one of the tropical Brassohi) they appear to be spinifemus.
1- The only egg of the oilier tribes known is that of Brassolis which is very much shorter than ih any Saty~ini ktmwn.
:!å´Th only caterpillars just from the egg of the othertribes yet published are two of Brassoiini known only by insuf- ficient figures.




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41 8 PS YCIIE. [Novembei, 1902
Subfamily LIBYTHEINAE.
Butfe?å´flj : Palpi of excessive length, even exceeding that of the thorax (except in some exotic forms), the fringe short. Antennae clothed, gently arcuate, the
club gradual. Fore legs of 8 atrophied,
of $ nearly normal but abbreviated.
None of the nervures of the fore wings
swollen at the base ;
discal cell of hind
wings closed by a feeble vein. Generally of a dark color with obliquely transverse broad dashes or 1ilotcl'ies of white or
orange. -Egg\ Elliptic, much higher
than broad, more or less produced at
apex and truncate at base with high
vertical ribs, highest above. Caterpillar at birth: Head much larger than the
segment following. Body cylindrical, mi- nutely and briefly pilose. Mature cater- pillar: Head unarmed, no larger than
segments following. Body cylindrical,
slightly enlarged at the end of the tho- racic segments, pilose, longitudinally
striped on the sides, the last segment
abruptly curved, not furcate. Feeds on
Urticaceae and so far as known only on
Celtis. ChrysaZZs : Ovate, compressed,
with no conspicuous prominences and
everywhere well rounded ; with no
transverse ridges ; abdomen mediodor-
sally carinate. Ventral surface nearly
straight.
Contains but a single tribe, Libytheini. Subfamily LEMONIINAE.
Butterfly: Labial palpi minute, only
the minute apical joint surpassing the
face.
Fore wingswith a distinct inter-
nal nervure ; hind wings scarcely chan-
neled to receive the abdomen, furnished
with a precostal nervure, the costal
nerbure running only to the middle of
the costal margin. Forc tarsi of male,
with rare exceptions, without spines or
claws. Generally (in our speciesalways)
spotted or barred above. Egg: Foveolae
furnished with septae converging from
the walls toward the center. Caterpillar at birth : Body with chii-inous shields, both dorsal and substigmatal, on every
segment, to which the piliferous papillae are confined; chitinous annuli only in
the subdorsal region. Mature caterpillar: Body scarcely onisciform though not
greatly elongated, the head relatively
large, being at least half as broad as the middle of the body, and at most only
partially retractile within the succeeding segment. Chrysalis : More or less elon-
gate and more or less angulate, the
abdomen more or less conical with pro-
tuberant cremaster, the body sparsely
clothed with long hairs.
Only a single tribe, Lemoniini, occurs
within our district.