Article beginning on page 370.
Psyche 9:370, 1900.

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preoesophageal, why may we not have
in arachnids a condition in which even
the tritocerebrum has assumed this posi- tion? Indeed, the acceptance of Jawor-
owski's work as demonstrating the pres-
ence of vestiges of true first antennae
leaves us no other alternative.
The evidence therefore goes to show
that while in the insects the first pair of antennae is -retained throughout life, in the arachnids it is the second pair which is represented by the chelicerae. In
both groups the missing pair may be
present in the form of embryonic vestiges. 1816. Savigny, J. C. M6moires sur les
animaux sans vertkbres.
1829. Latreille, P. A.
Les crustacds,
les arachnides et les insectes.
1848. von Siebold, C. Th. Lehrbuch
der vergleichenden Anatomie der
wirbellosen Thiere.
185 2. Biackwall, J. Experiments and
observations on the poison of ani-
mals of the order Araneida. Trans.
Linn, Soc. XXI.
1880. Balfour, F. M, Notes on the de-
velopment of the Araneina. Quart.
Jouro. Micr. Sci. XX.
I 885. Pelseneer, P. Observations on
the nervous system of Apus. Quart.
Journ. Micr, Sci. XXV.
189 I. Jaworowski, A. Uber die Extre-
mitaten bei den Embryonen der
Arachniden und Insecten. 2001.
Anz. XIV.
1892. Simon, E. Histoire naturelle des
Araigndes. I.
1893. Viallanes, H. fitudes histologi-
ques et organologiques sur les cen-
tres nerveux et les organes des sens
des animaux articulds. 6e Memoire.
Ann. Sci. Nat. 2001. (8) XIV.
1899. Janet, C. Sur les nerfs cdpha-
liques, les corpora allata et 1e ten-
torium de la fourmi (Myr~tica mbra
L.). Mem. Soc. 2001. France, XII.
GROUP CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN BUT- TERFLIES - I.
BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Spine years since I announced as in
preparation a Student's Manual of North
American Butterflies, north of Mexico,
and a fragment of the same was pub-
ished in 1892 (Proc. Arncr. Acad. Arts
Sci., XXVII) under the title, The trop-
ical faunal element of our southern Nym- plialinae systematically treated. Owing
to other demands upon my time progress
upon this Manual has been very slow,
and I am now compelled to abandon the
project. Such few portions as are in
any way complete, mostly written ten
years or more ago, I bring together in
the following series of papers, in the hope that their publication may be of some




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July, -9021 PSYCHE. 871
service to the student who may uuder-
take the task I abandon. It is only in
the first two subfamilies that genera and species are considered, and 1 have there- fore adopted for this collcction of frag- mcnts the title given above.
Subfamily EUPLOEINAE.
R/;//e~å´fty Palpi stout, tufted with
hairs. Antennae naked, arcuate, the
club drooping, tolerably well marked.
Fore legs of both sexes excessively atro- phied, short and nearly naked. Fore
wings long but ample ; none of the nerv- ures swollen at the base ; internal nervure present; discal cell of hind wings long
and closed by an interrupted vein ;costal nervure terminating at middle of costal
border. Abdomen unusually long and
slender, the males with anal tufts of
protrusile hairs. Colors of wings gener- ally massive and generally very similar
above and beneath. Egg: Sugarloaf
shaped, considerably higher than broad,
truncate and scarcely rounded at base,
with slight vertical ribs and small cells at the outer borders of the crown. Cat-
erpillar at birth; Head no larger than
segments following. Body cylindrical,
uniform, ~micolorous ; ranged append -
ages simple tapering hairs usually shorter than the segments.
LIFE 13ISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE. -XXXIII. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
ElUctrci-piu duarin Guende.
Egc Laid loose, rolling. Elliptical with only traces of the side flattenings and end truncation, smooth, somewhat like hens eggs though more evenly alike at the two ends. Reticulations absent, represented only by the angle pores which are arranged in fine hex- agonal pattern and look like light dots in the shadows. All pale yellow. Size .y X .55 mm. They turned bright red in a day or
two and black before hatching.
Stage I.
Head rounded, erect, free ; sooty
brown black, the cljpens, a little dot each side and epistoma white ; width .4 mm. Body moderate, normal with rounded wing-like ele- vations laterally on joints 5 to 9. Purple black with five dotted, transvcrsc interscg- mental white bands on joints 5 to 9 anteri- orly, cut by narrow dorsal and lateral lines of the ground color ; a few whitish dots on joint 13 anteriorly. Bands narrowed to ob- solescence ventrally ; feet dark.
Staye I!. Head vinous brown, a bright
white spot in the clypeus, two on each side, one on base of antennae, base of labium and ii small geminate one on face of lobe; width .6 mm. Body, robust, a little inflated cen- tral]~, a round prominence, bearing tubercle iv, most distinct on joints 5 and 6. Ground color sordid brown, mottled and faintly lon- gitudinally lined in darker and with streaks of pale dottings ; t1vo oblique white spots sul~dorsall.~ anteriorly on the segments, one before the dark vinous spot covering tubercle iv, elongate and obscurely trilohed ; ventral streaking irregularly brightened into nearly white. Tubercles and setae obscure.
Stage 111. Head rounded, squarish, broad, lobes full at vertex, Hat before,erect.
White,
heavily black mollled over lobes, leaving a



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