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Psyche 9:363-366, 1900.

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LOLLEMBOLA OF THE GRAVE.




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Fig. I. IsoLoma limrtari.-I (L.) Tull. Left aspect of right front foot, x 810. ' 2. '( ' ' Left aspect of right mucru, x 810. " 3- sep~ilcralis~ sp. nov. Eyes and posta~~tc~~nal organ of right side, X 570.
" 4- "
c. cc Right aspect of right hind ruot, x 6 8 ~ ' 5, ,'
Left aspect of right mncro, typical, x 810 : 6,
'c r' " Mucro, common variation, x 810.
7- 'I ' ' Right mucro, rare variation, x 680. 8, c c cc 4, Right mucro, one casc, x 585. 9. Entomolxya lncifup, sp. nov. Left aspect of left hind foot, x 810. " 10.
.: " "
Mucro, x 8 I 0,
I I. Sinella tcnchricosa, s'p. nov. Antenna, x 154. $1 12. ct ' Right aspect of left hind foot, x 810. ' 13. l' Left aspect of right mucro, x 810. ' 14- ' Cla~ate seta from head, x 810.
15. I'seuclosi~~ella rugenlea, sp.nov. Right aspect of left hind foot, x 1089. ' 16. ' Right aspect of left mucro, x 1089. ' 17. cimdida, s1). 11ov. Eyes of right side. x 405. ‰ 18. ' ' Right aspect of left hind toot, x 810. ' 19.
G. c( < c Riglit aspect of right mucro, x 8 10.



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PSYCHE.
COLLEMBOLA OF THE GRAVE.
BY JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, CHAMPAIGN, ILL. This article deals with the CollemboLi
collected from graves in Washington, D.
C., by Dr. Murray Gait Motter and re-
corded in his important paper* on the
fauna of the grave.
I am indebted to Dr. Motter and Dr.
Howard for the opportunity to examine
this material.
In over fifty-six hundred specimens
there were only six species, five of which are new. Ninety-seven per cent consist-
ed of Isotoma sepulcralis, sp. nov., two per cent of Entomobrya lucifuga, n. sp.
and the four other species were repre-
sented by only thirty-three examples in
all.
The comparison of my results with
those tabulated by Dr. Motter shows
that, as regards the period of interment, Collembola (usually I. sepulcralis) oc-
curred with practically every cadaver
from No. I (I yr. 11 mos.) to No. 81
* M, G. Motter. A contributionto the study of the fauna of the grave. A study of one liudred and fifty disintci- menk, with some additional experhental observations. Journ. N. Y. Eat. Soc., vol. 6 (1898),pp. 201 231. (16 yrs. 5 mos.), and one specimen was
found with No. 95 (21 yrs.). FII fact,
Colleinhola occurred almost always when
the surroundings were in any degree
moist, and almost ncvcr in a dry envi-
ronment ; in the two cases (Nos. 14 and
95) in which they were present in spite
of dryness, there wcrc only three inclivicl- uals altogether. Nos. 82-100 were all
marked as "dry" and none of them
afforded any collembolans except No. 75, just mentioned. From these insects,
then, no conclusion of any medico-legal
importance appeared, - simply a few
facts of entomological interest.
The most striking characteristics of
thesc subterranean forms are those that
may be attributed to the absence of
light: all are white - without pigment
-and arc blind, with the exception of
two spccics, which, of course, have a
black ocular pigment. In one of these,
the eyes even vary slightly in number.
All these species have the chief pecu-
liaritics of cave insects. The blind Iso- toma Iimelaria is known, the world over.



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864 PSYCHE. [July, ~002
as a soil insect and several blind species of Sinella and Pseudosinella, especially the latter, have been found in Europe
and America, confined to caves or living under stones and in other dark places.
The two species here described as hav-
ing eyes are doubtless not restricted to dark situations.
For each species I give the numbers
used by Dr. Motter to designate particu- lar specimens in the Stiles-Motter col-
lection of grave fauna, deposited in
the U. S. National Museum. Each of
these numbers is followed by another
in parentheses that expresses an approxi- mate estimate of the number of individ-
uals.
No. 46 I did not have, and I did have
some that do not appear in the table
already referred to. These are Nos. 51
(j individuals), 105 (3), 112 (7), 123
(919 I43 (211 1.51 (~11 153 (IS), (31,
178 (61, 187 (500), 223 (151, 399 (11,
408 (501, 414 (2).
Isotoma fimetaria (L.) Tull.
I 761. Podura fimetaria Linnaeus,
Fauna Svecica, ed, 2.
187 2. Isotoma firnetaria. Tullberg,
Sveriges Podurider, p. 48, taf. 9, figs. 32-33.
Figures 1-2.
White. Eyes absent. Postantcnnal or-
gans ovate or oval.
Antennae slightly long-
er than the head, with segments as 6 : 9 : 9 : 17; first two segments cylindrical, third di- lated apically, fourth elliptico-cylindrical. Superior claws (fig. I) smoothly tapering, scarcely curving, nntoothed; inferior claws half as long, lanceolate, acuminate ; hind claws largest ; one unknobbed tenent hair. Abdomen fccbly dilated with third and fourth segments subequal. Furcula as long as the head, borne by the antepenultimate segment and not attaining the ventral tube (extending two thirds as far) ; dentes two and one half times the ~nauubriuiu in length, slender, ta- pering; mucrones (fig. 2) elongate, sub- equally bidentate; apical tooth scarcely hooked, second erect ; proximal two thirds of mucro suboblong. Numerous stiff setae on head, body. and appendages ; several long erect setae in a row across the middle of each abdominal segment ; many long stiff setae at the apex of the abdomen. Length, .87 mm. This is one of the best known species
of its order and is a cosmopolitan insect. It is essentially a soil species, often
occurring about the roots of plants.
Five specimens : 153 (3), I 51 (2).
Isotoma sepulcralis, sp. nov.
Figures 3-8.
White.
Eyes (fig. 3) normally ten, some-
times eight. Postantennal organs broadly elliptical, oval or ovate. Antennae subequal to the head in length ; segments stout, as 6 : I : 9: 19 ; third segment dilating distally, fourth elliptico-cylindrical. Body elongate cylindrical. Superior claws (fig. 4) uniformly curving and tapering, untoothed ; inferior claws extending two thirds as far, ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminate, with stout midrib; front claws smallest, the other pairs successively larger ; tencnt hairs absent. Fourth abdom- inal segment one third longer than the pre- ceding one and bearing the furcula. Furcula short, extending but half way to the ventral tube, strongly tapering ; manubrium and
dentes subequal in length ; mucrones (fig. 5) one third as long as dentes, elongate, sub-



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July, 19021 PSYCHE. 366
equally tridentate ; apical tooth sharp, feebly hooked or, rarely, falcate ; second conical, crect ; third a triflc smaller than second, erect or else slightly inclined caiidad, situated mid- way on the nmcro and laterad of the other teeth.
The mucrones vary considerably in
minor details as shown in tigkes 6-8 ; in one case, the third tooth was absent on the left mucro hut present on the right one, and in a single instance the proximal tooth was doubled on both 'mucrones (fig. 8).
Clothing
of numerous short appressed setae, which are restricted to the middle halt' of each segment, leaving the anterior and posterior fourths of the segment hare ; longer, stiff setae at the apex of the abdomen;
short still bristles on
antennae and legs ; short curving setae on the urcula with a few long erect ones.
Maxi-
mum length, 1.8 mm.
Entomobrya lucifuga, sp. nov.
Figures 9-10.
White. Eyes absent. Antennae twice as
long as the head, or more than half as long as the body, with cylindrical segments, re- lated as 11 : 16: 18 : 26. Mesonolum con- cealing the pronoturn. Superior claws (fig. 9) broad, curving, with apair of large triangular basal lamellae and beyond these an obsolete tooth ; inferior claws extending three fourths as far, lanccolate, acute with sinuate outer margin ; hindclaws largest; one short tenent hair with a small knob. Abdomen dilated ; fourth segment four times as long as the third.
Furcula attaining the ventral tube ;
dentes half as long' again as t.he manubrium ; mucrones (fig. 10) long, falcate, the second tooth equidistant from base and apex and the basal spine strong'; two barbellate dental sctae attain the apex of the mucro and a third one exceeds it considerably.
Stout clavate
barbellate sctae are found on the first t~vo antenna1 segments and the coxae, arc profuse on the head, rneso- and metanotnm, and
occur, constantly diminishing in number, on the middle of each succeeding segment.
Simple barbellate setae occur densely on the appendages and the apex of the abdomen ; the furcula bears many snbcrcct clavate
barbellate sctac.
Maximum length, 1.7 ram.
Sinella tenebricosa, sp. nov,
Figures 11-14.
White. Eyes absent. Antennae (fig. 11)
half as long again as the head, with segments as 3 : 6: 5 : 11 ; third segment subclavate, fourth elliptical. Prothorax exposed. Sn- perior claws (fig. 12) broad, almost straight, with a long tooth in the middle and a lone subtriaugularacuminate basal lamella ; front



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866 PSYCHE. [July, ,902
pair of superior claws two thirds ;is long as the others; inferior claws three fifths the length of the superiors on the front feet and three fourths on the others, straight, broadly linear, acute, with a large ovate acllminate lamella on the basal half of the outer margin ; one unknobhed tenent hair. Abdomen di-
lated; fourth segment two and one half
times the third in length, Fu~xulaattaining the ventral tube; dentes a little longer than mannhrium; mucrones (fig. 13) simple, fal- cate, with a long curving basal spine that attains the apex of the mucro. Sparse short curving- bristles on head and body ; many stiff barhellate setae on the appendages ; a few erect ha?bellale setae on the first two antenna1 segments and on tlie legs ; stout clavate barbellate setae (fig. 14) occur on the vertex, coxae, meso- and metanotiini and the last three abdominal segments. Length, .9 mm. S. tenebricosa is closely allied to the
European S. liofti Schhf., * from which
it differs chiefly in the claws.
Twenty-four types : 10 (IS), 51 (5),
178 (z), 229 (I), 383 (I). Type No.
6146, U. S. National Museum.
Pse~~dosinella argentea, sp. nov.
Figures 15-16.
White. Eyes ahsent. Antennae one and
one half times as long as the head and half the length of the body, with segments related as (, : TO : 1 I : 17 ; third segment clavate, fourth ' clliptico-cjlindrical.
Thcn'a'x arched ; meso-
notntn almost as long as the head and conceal- ing the pronoturn. Superior claws (fig. 15) stout, apically curving, unequally tridentate, the two proximal teeth being side by side; inferior claws two thirds as long on hind *C. Schaffer. Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mirth. Naturh. Mils. Hamburg, 'bd. 13 (1896), pp. 147-216, tat. 1-4. See pp. i92-f93; taf. 4, figs. 103-105.
pair, and llalf as long on the other feel, bromlly linear, acnLe; tenent hair small, un- knobbed. Abdomen moderately dilated;
fourth segment three times as long as the third. Furcula extending beyond the ventral tube; manubrium and dentes subequal in
length ; mucrones (fig. 16) hasally suboblo~~g with two subequal teeth and a long basal spine that attains the apex of the proximal tooth. Large rounded scales on head, body, and the under side of the furciila; dense stiff setae on antennae and legs; a dense cluster of stout rigid setae on the anterior border of the rnesonoLum and a few such setae above the anlennae; dense short curving feathered setae occur at the apex of the abdomen and on the upper surface of the furcula. Length, 1.25 mm.
This new species differs as lo claws
and mucrones from P. cavernarum
Moniez * (Tullbergia immaculata Lie-
P. f) and P. virei Abs., $ its nearest
allies.
A unique type, No. 156. Type No
6147, U. S. National Museum.
Pseudosinella candida, sp. nov.
Figures 17-19.
White. Eyes (fig. 17) sixteen ; a black
interocular V-shaped mark sometimes occurs. Antennae one and one fourth times as long us the head, with segments as 6: 10: 10: 22 ; basal ring one fourth as long as the first seg- * R. Moniez. Esphces nouvelles de Thysanoures trouvbes dam la grotte de Dargilan. Rev. bid. nord France, t. 6 [1893), pp. 81-86.
See pp. E4-85.
I- 0. J. Lie-Peltemen. Norgea Collembola. Bergens mus. Aarb. 1896, no. 8, 24 pp., a pis, See pp. 15-16, pi 2, figs. 1-4.
1 K. Absolon. Uebereinige theils neue Cnllembolei 3 den Hshlen Frankreichs mild tie; siidlicheil Karstet. Zool. An?.,, bd. q(qor), pp. 82-qo, 10 figs. See pp. 87-8% fin. 6-8,




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ment. ; second segment suhclavate, third on the head, stiff bristles on the appendxges clavate, fom'th elliptico-cylindrical. Meso- and curving feathered setae on the dorsal 5ide noturn concealing the pronoturn. Superior of the furcula. Length, I n~n. claws (fig. 18) broad, curving, with a large proximal tooth and a small sharp distal tooth ; This species bears much resemblance
between these there is, on the hind feet, to p. alba Pack.* In alba. however, another minute tooth ; inferior claws over (he tooth of superior ,,.law is half as long as the superiors, oblonglfinceo- late; tenent hair small and unknobbed.
more basal than in candida, while the
Fourth abdominal four times fourth abdominal segment is only three -
as long as the third. Fwcnla attaining the times as long as the third, and dense
ventral tube; manzibrinm and dentes sub- clavate setae are cresent on mesonotum. equal; mucrones (fig. 19) snbfalcatewith two coxae, and the apex of
%,,domen;
eubequal teeth and a prominent basal spine; alba, moreover, has only four eyes.
three barhellate setae surround the niucro and two of them extend far bevond it. Scales Three types : 268 (z) 30~ (I). largeand rounded.
A few minute setacoccnr
Type NO. 6148, U. S. National Museum.
FURTHER NOTKS ON NKW ENGLAND FORMICIDB.
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.
Last summer Mr. C. Abbott Davis of
Providence, Rhode Island, collectedwith
other insects, such species of ants as he found, and later turned them over to me
for study. The following is a list of the species taken with localities.
The first
fifteen are from Rhode Island.
Ta/i?zoma sessile Say. Providence
Formica fusca L. Lonsdale
formicafised vat,. sztbsc~icea Say.
Providcncc
Formica rufa subs$. inteifra Nyl.
Providence & Kingston
Formica pdidef~dva Latr. sub@. schau-
fussi Mayr. Providence
Formica Zasioides Em. Providence
Formica "agates Latr. Providence
Camponofus hercukauus Latr. sub.$.
ligniperdus Latr. Providence-
Camfonotzts marginatus Latr. var. nem-
ticus Em. PI-ovidence
Lasius ummcanus Em. Providcncc
Lasins claviger Rog. Providcnce
Cre~zastogaster Zi?zeo/czta Say. Lonsdalc Myrtuica rubm
Buck. va'r. schencki Km.
Providence
Myrmica rubra Buck. sutsp. scabri7m/is
Nyl. Kingston
Monomorium niimitmii Mayr. war. min-
imum Buckl. Providence.
Three species taken in Vermont.
Aphaeogaster fuha Rag. Bay, Vermont
Leptothorax ca?zadense Prov. Western Vl. Camponoius 7uacu/atus Fabr. sub.$, vici- mis Mayr. Bay, Vt., and the follow-
ing at Lynn, Mass.
*See C. Schaffer. Ucber wiirttembergische Collembola, Jahrcs. ver. vaterl. Nalurk. Wiirttemberg, bcl. 56 (qoo) pp. 245-280, taf. 6. See pp. 269-270.




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