Article beginning on page 419.
Psyche 8:419-420, 1897.

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October I-.] PSYCHE. 41 9
in correlation with the developnient of the acid and alkaline glands of that species. This paper also records a number of mis- cellaneous observations upon the cleanliness of ants' nests, the vitality of queens, etc. and portions of the paper are republished in NOS. 12 and 13.
Note 18 is a valuable contribution to
the
literature upon the hymenopt.ei-ous sting. The organ in Myrmica is thoroughly de-
scribed and figured, the results of other workers being supplemented by numerous
original observations. The apparatus. coti- trolling the flow from the poison gland is described for the first t-ime in ~ote' 18, from which No. 14 is an extract.
Note 19 is an important paper of nearly
sixty pages upon the anatomy of the thor-. acic region which, as including the median segment, is termed corselet. Eight clear figures express Hie forms and relations of the thoracic sclerites. Only one who has mider- taken a similar subject can appreciate Lhe success with which tin; author has explained the positions and functions of the thoracic muscles, especially those concerned in flight. Although the paper deals chiefly with a sin- gle species in a purely descriptive way, the character and number of the illustrations, iibundantly facilitate the comparison of Myrmica with other groups by Hie tnorphol- ogist. Paper No. 15 is a repetition of a part of Note 19.
The aiiioin~t of study represented by the interesting- papers of Janet is frequently dis- guised by the author's conciseness of expres- sion.
THE PANURGINE BEES.
With reference to Mr. Ashmead's article on pp. 372-376, the following remarks may be appropriate : -
(I.)
Perdita (Corkerellia) tyalina 8 has
the hind claws simple, and the front and middle claws deeply cleft. So also fnisom's and other allied forms. I have examined
Cresson's type of hyaline, in Philadelphia.. The $ of beata, the type of Phi~oxautfius. is unknown.
(2.)
P~z~~anttrena Rob., has nothing to
do with Pam~-g/mif.t !
(3.)
Biareolim is ordinary Andrena with
two siib~niu'ginal cells ; Cullamlrena is appiir- entlj derived from a very distinct section of Andrenu belonging to North America (A.
å´pnldiell &.). It is quite impossible to imagine that these genera have any blood- relationship, except through Andreaa, cnn- sequently, they cannot be united.
(4.)
Hemi/tcclictus is I believe, sin Ameri-
can derivative of Halictus, its resemblance to Dufonrea being due to convergence.
There is a marked difference in the venution, the first recurrent nervure in Ditfowrea joining the second subn'jarginal cell at its extreme base, while in He~uiJiid~ctus it joins it not fur from tlic middle. Mr. Ashinead tells me, however, that he has seen an
undescribed species presenting intermediate chari~cters.
(5.) I-fesferafis, (not Hmferasfiv) is very distinct frot~! Z~!ho'fikit~t'des by the short dagger-like tongue, us originally described by me.
(6.) PseiiiIo$anzirgus is a compact and
easily recognized group, belonging to the aridregion; it is a matter of taste whether one calls it a genus or a subgenus of Panur- gllms.
(7 ) Nomadopis I can now sicccpt,
because the species on which it was founded is not the Perdita xowalis Cr., but a species quite distinct from any Perdiia. I had the pleasure of seeing it recently in the Nat. Museum.
It is hardly necessary for me to say, that I value extremely Mr. Ashmead's table of bees ; and disagreement as to details must not be taken for disparagement of the whole.
7'. D. A. Cockerell.
JV. M. Agr. Ex$. Sh.




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420 PSYCHE.
[October 1899.
began in January, 1897, and will continue through three years. The subscription price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. Numbers are issued on the first day of eacli month. Libraries and individuals generally ordering through subscription agencies (which only take annual sub- scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire volume at once directly of us.- Any early volume can be 11;icI for $5.00, unbound. Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass.
Vols. 1-7, Complete, Unbound - - - - - - $33.00. Vols. 1-7, and Subscription to Volume 8 = = - - $37.00. Vol. 7 contains over 500 pp. and 10 plates, besides other illustrations. Published by Henry Holt & Co., New York. Scudder's Brief Guide to the corn-
moner Butterflies.
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added to the descriptions of the different spe- cies, their most obvious stages, some of the curious facts concerning their periodicity and their habits of life.
Scudder's he Life of a Butterfly.
A Chapter in Natural History for
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By SAMUEL 11. SCUDDER. 186 pp. 16mo.
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