Article beginning on page 372.
Psyche 8:372-388, 1897.

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372 PSYCHE. [June 1899.
John G. Jack, in Garden and Forest, vol. X, , page 394, has given a most interest- ing account of damage by this insect to
the willows in the Arnold Arboretum.
The damage there by the beetle is not
exceptional, for the writer has noticed
similar injuries in many of the larger
nurseries in Eastern Massachusetts. In
fact, some of our nurserymen are con-
templating abandoning entirely the cul-
tare of poplars and willows because of
the damage caused by this insect. The
matter of remedies being still under
consideration the writer has recom-
mended so far, in the case of infested
shade trees, only the destruction of the trees in June and a replanting with the
silver maple (Acer dasycarpw;) or its
variety, lVeirii, either of which makes a good growth in damp localities.
A GENERIC TABLE OF THV, FAMILY PANURGIDAE: A REPLY TO MR. COCKERELL'S CRITIQUE ON THE SEGRE- GATION OF PERDITA COCKERELL.
BY WILLIAM 11. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. In Psyche for January 1899, Mr.
Cockerell has made some criticisms on
my segregation of the genus Perdita
Cockerell, which seem to require a reply. Now, I think the whole trouble with
Mr. Cockerell is expressed in his
opening sentence : "I h~trdly know wihat to say about Mr. Ashmeftdls three new
genera, e.r/ab/tshed in Psychefl. 284-28 5 at the expanse of Perdita" ; and, had he waited a little longer and given himself more lime to investigate the subject a
little more thoroughly, I am convinced
he would have been better able to have
said something more to the point.
Perdita Smith, in my paper, is not
defined, and the fact that Smith based
his genus upon a specimen without
maxillary and labial palpi has nothing
to do with the validity of the genus
Cockerellia.
The genus Perdita Smith, however,
h&s been recognized, and while the
labial palpi do not agree exactly
with
the Imaginary figure of Smith's, there
is still some resemblance, and the labial palpi are sufficiently different, according to my views, to readily distinguish it
from Cockerellia ; besides the other
characters mentioned by Smith hold
good, and these, as well as other
differences between it and Cocliereflia, will be brought out in my generic table
given below.
Mr. Cockerell surely must be wrong
when he says the male of P. hyalina or
albipennis has the claws simple and the
abdomen not. banded ! I have examined
a great many males of this species and
all have the claws cleft, and the
abdomen banded. If Mr. Cockerel]
possesses a specimen without these




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June 1899.1 PSYCHE. ST.'!
characters, it probably represents some
other species in another genus.
I quite agree with all good system-
atists that color alone is not of generic value; but Mr. Cockerell, with others,
must surely admit that it is of great
value and assistance in recognizing
certain genera when used with salient
structural characters. The genus Phil-
oxanthus was not based upon color alone
as Mr. Cockerel1 intimates, and as he
may readily see if lie will again consult my description.
Mr. Cockerell seems loath to see
Perdita, upon which he has done so
much work, split up into subgenera,
although inspired evidently by my
beginning he does not hesitate to pro-
pose the generic name " Perditella "
for what he calls "a really good sub-
genus " for his Perdita Zarreue, mar&lis and Za~rearum. As so frequently
occurs in Mr. Cockerell's work, as for
instance in his subgeneric divisions of
the Coccidae, he has not given a single
essential character for the rccognition
of this genus. The only character
given, namely, " second submarginal
cell small, triangular" will not hold
good for the three species mentioned,
while the so-called large stigma is
essentially the same as found in Perdita and Cockerellia, although it appears to
Mr. Cockcrcll's eyes larger on account
of the smallness of the marginal cell.
Perditella however, may possibly be
retained for Zar~ea, marcidis, and luteoZu. It is singular however, that all of the
specimens of these species that I have
yet seen are males, and, I suspect, they may really represent the opposite sex
of Philoxanthus. In the latter event the characters made use of in my table will
then be of sexual an-d not generic
value.
Mr. Cockerell sums up his remarks
by saying : " I do not say that Perdita
should nut be divided into two or more
genera ; probably it will ultimately
have to be split into half a dozen but it will be necessary to proceed with
caution."
This is just about the number of
genera I have recognized.
'Proceed with caution," is good
advice, and it is a pity Mr. Cockerel!
has not followed it himself before erect- ing some of his recent new bee genera
since most of them will be found to be
synonyms. I find no less than four
in the following group : Hemihalictus
Ckll. equals Dufourea Lepeletier, Hes-
peraspis Ckll. equals Rhophitoides
Schenck, Callandrena Ckll. equals
Biareolina Dufour, while Pseudopanur-
gus Ckll. equals Panurginus Nylander.
In order to show how Perdita and
allied genera are separated, I have
concludcd to publish my MS. generic
table of the family Panurgidae, which
is as follows : -
Tatic of Genera.
Marginal cell at apex more or less remote from the costa or obliquely, broadly trun- cate. . . . . . . . S
Marginal cell towards apex acuminate, attain- ing the costa.




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PSYCHE.
Abdomen usually rather long; second
joint of hind tarsi normal, inserted in the middle of the first . . . . 2
Abdomen subglohose, black, shining, with white fasciae at apex; second joint of hind tarsi ungulate beneath, not inserted in the middle of the first; clypeus in $ yellow, the hind femora incrassated; antennae in both sexes filiform, longer than the head; tongue short. . . Macro$is Panzer.
a. Body, and more particularly the thorax, distinctly pubescent, the abdomen with
whitefasciae . . . . . . 3
Body sparsely pilose, the abdomen always glabrous, shining, not fasciate, although the anal segment is slightly ciliate at apex. Transverse median nervure interstitial, or very nearly; antennae in 8 longer than
the thorax, the joints of flagellum nodose beneath, appearing crenulate; hind tibiae with knee plate present in both sexes.
Halicfoides Nylander.
Transverse median nervure not. interstitial, joining the median vein before the basal nervure; antennae not longer than the
thorax, the flagellum simple ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the joints subequal ; labial palpi +joinled, the first joint the longest, about as long as 2-3 united, the third
longer than 2-4. wourea Lepeletier.
(=HemiJialiciii-s Ckll.
3. Submedian cell usually shorter than the median or never longer, the transverse
median nervure joining the median vein
'before the origin of the basal nervure, or interstitial with it 4
Submedian cell a little longer than the
median, the transverse median nervure join- ing median vein 'beyond the origin of the basal nervure.
Thorax above with fulvous or ferruginous hairs; maxillary palpi 6-jointed; labial palpi-4 jointed. . Biareolitia Dufour.
(= Callandrena Ckll.)
4. Thorax above usually with whitish or
griseouspubescence, very rarely with a slight ochraccous tinge.
Labial palpi deformed, the basal joint long and quite differentfrom the last; face in 9 with blackish hairs; antennae in 8 longer than the thorax, the apical joints attenn- ated from the middle. A'AopJiites Spinola. Labial palpi normal, all the joints being similar and nearly equal; face in $ with white hairs; antennae in $ as long as the thorax, the last joint acuminate at apex only . . RkopJiitoides Schenck.
(= Heså´pewcs'/li Ckll.
5. Marginal cell at apex more or less acnmi- nate or narrowly rounded, not or rarely
truncate, although sometimes appendiculate ; mandibles dentate . . . . 11
Marginal cell at apex truncate ; mandibles at apex acute or narrowly rounded, not dentate. Front wings with two recurrent ner-
vures . . . . . . . 6
Front wings with only one recurrent.
nervure, the second obliterated (see below for characters of mouth parts)
Cockerellia Ashmead (pars).
6. First submarginal cell much longer than the second; maxillary palpi 6-jointed . 7 First submarginal cell equal to or not much longer l.han the second.
"Maxillary palpi'4 jointed; abdomen black, stnoolh, shining, bare above, with the sides and fifth segment firnbriate with white
hairs; labial palpi +-jointed, the first joint almost as long as. joints 3-4 united.
Scrappier Lepel.
(Type S. 6mZleiLepel.)
Maxillary palpi 6-jointed; abdomen hare, with white bands; face and clypens white or with a white spot; second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervnres;
snbmedian cell considerably shorter than the median . Cam-pto-poeum Spinola.
(Type C.frontale Spinola,)
7. Species not almost entirely yellow . 8 Species yellow or almost entirely yellow.; labial palpi very long, +jointed, the first joint fully twice as long as joints 2-4 united. Frontal foveae very distinct, long linear, black; clypeus semicircular at base ; claws



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June iSg~.J PsYCl?m. 375
simple; pygidial plate almostobtrapezoidla. labrum distinct, transverse; labial palpi 4- . . . , PhiZoaa?zth;is Ashm. jointed, the first joint the longest but rarely (Type P. beafus Ckll.)
longer or much longer than joints 2-4 united ; Frontal foveae very small, represented by claws cleft; hind tibial spurs simple.
a rounded or oval black puncture ; clypeus obtrapezoidal at base; claws cleft.
$å
Perditella Cockerell.
(Type P. larreae Ckll.)
8. Abdomen aeneons, cr rufous and black, ornate with red, yellow, or whitish maculae or bands; face usually yellow, or marked with yellow or white; stigma well developed recurrent nervures respectively interstitial with the first and second transverse cnbiti, or both :ire received by the second snb- marginalcell. . . . . . 9
Abdomen black, rufon? or yellowish, neither macnlate nor banilc~l; stigma either large well developed, or poorly developed, snblan- ceolate; both recurrent nervures received by the second submarginal cell or the first is interstitial with the first transverse cubi- tus. . . . . . T O
9. Marginal cell not short, much longer than the stigma, fully twice as long, and as long or longer than the first discoidal cell; snb- median cell a little shorter than the median ; labial palpi +jointed, the first joint very long, 7 or 8 times longer than joints 2-4 united, contracted at base.
Nomado$.~isAsI~mead.
(Type C. zonaZi.7 Cr.)
Marginal cell very short, shorter than the stigma or no longer, and always very much shorter than the first discoidal cell; labial palpi +-jointed, the first joint very long and usually somewhat thickened, fully twice as long or even more than twice as long as
joints 3-4 united; hind tibial spurs finely serrated ; claws at least in J' cleft.
Cochp.relZia Ashmead.
(Type P. hyaiina Cr. aZ!ii$ennis Cr.)
10. Marginal cell short not longer than the stigma, usually a little shorter, the stigma Pe~dtfa Smith.
Marginal cell long, always much longer
than the stigma; stigma rather small, or narrow, lanceolate; head large, seen from in front
usually much "wider than long;
labial palpi +-jointed the first joint very much longer than joints 2-4 united; claws cleft; hind tibial spurs finely serrated ; antennae short, scarcely as long as the
width of the head. Macro/era Smith.
Stigma broad, oblong-oval or at least not lanceolate; head normal, as seen from in front rounded, not wider than long;
antennae longer than the width of. the
head.
First submarginal cell, along the cubitus, not greatly longer than the second.
Hind tibiaeand tarsi in 9 with a long
dense pubescence; clypeus in $ black,
with long- hairs; eyes black; labial
palpi 4-jointed, the first joint very
long, usually longer than 2-4. unitcd-
Pamiwus Latreille.
Hind tibiae and tarsi in $ with
short, rather sparse pubescence ;
clypeus in 3 usually yellow or marked
with yellow, hardly pubescent; legs
black varied with yellow; labial palpi
4-jointed, the first joint about as long as joints 2-4 united.
Pa/i.tcqin/~s Nylander = Purandrena
RobL. = Pseud@anurgns Ckll.
First submarginal cell, along the ci~bitus, about twice or nearly, as long as the
second; each submarginal cell receiving a recurrent nervure; transverse median ner- vure joining the median view å´muc before the origin of the basal.
Scafteroides Gribodo.
[I. Siibmarginal cells very unequal, the first large, broad well developed; head seen from about thrice as long as the second, the latter in front usually longer than wide; clypeus quadrate or nearly; the first recurrent nerv- somewhat produced anteriorly, truncate, the ure is received by the first submarginal cell



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near its apex, the second, by the second sub- marginal cell near apex; submarginal cell much shorter than the median; head seen
from in front oblong, about twice as long as wide, the eyes fully thrice as long as wide ; antennae clavate; mandibles bideotate at apex ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; labial palpi .+-jointed, the first joint the longest. Hyloeosoma Ashm.
Submarginal cells along the cubitus, unequal, the fils1 the longer, the second narrowed one third above; transverse median nervure
interstitial ; head normal; maxillary palpi 6- jointed; labial palpi +-jointed, subequal, the joints enlarged at apex ; thoraxabove clothed with a dense pubescence; flocculus on hind tibiae and tarsi long, dense.
Dasy$o& Latreille.
A NEW VOLUME OF PSTCHE
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Sent by mail on receipt of price ($1.00). E. W. WHEELER, 30 ROYLSTON STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York. MANTiFAtTllKEItS AND IMPORTEltS OF
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