Article beginning on page 231.
Psyche 8:231-240, 1897.

Full text (searchable PDF)
Durable link: http://psyche.entclub.org/8/8-231.html

The following unprocessed text is extracted from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.

1PSYOH"E.
A PRELIMINARY CLASSIFICATION OF THE TRYXALINAE OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA,
BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
The Tryxalinae of this country were
first made known in tolerable complete-
ness and systematic shape by McNeill
in an important paper published a little more than a year ago. His table for the
separation and sequence of the genera
was, with slight changes (mainly to ad-
mit a few types which were rejected by
him and to omit one belonging else-
where) copied by me in my recent Guide
to North American Orthoptera, because
this latter work was published immedi-
ately after the issue of McNeill's Re-
vision ; was in fact awaiting its issue. But I there expressed the opinion that
the order and alliance of the genera,
especially with the changes I had intro- duced, left much to be desired, and I
therefore prepared the subjoined table,
which seems to me to place the genera
in better order and indicates at the same time some of the larger groups. This
arrangement is also in better harmony
with the general outline of the classifi- cation of the Tryxalinae of the world
given by Brunner von Wattenwyl in his
Systfeme in 1893, which was too little
regarded by McNeill. Some of the new
genera indicated by Brunner at that
time and unrecognized by McNeill are
here included.
The table has been subjected to some
use and found to answer tolerably well,
though I am not entirely satisfied with
it and therefore publish it only as a pre- liminary attempt, which I hope to im-
prove with time and criticism. It was
intended to be accompanied by the
addition of descriptions of a number of
new forms, but as this part must be
deferred under the pressure of other
demands, I shall hope to reissue the
table in a revised form when the des-
criptive portion is ready. Meanwhile,
in explanation of certain points, I add a few notes referred to by number in the
table and given at the close. They re-
late principally to the new names here
introduced and to the synonymy of some
of the genera. Except to indicate the
types of the new genera, no reference
.
to species is made in this paper.
It is well to remark that our Tryxaline
fauna is composed almost entirely of
endemic types, only three of its thirty- seven genera being common to the Old
World and the New, and these three be-
ing boreal types.




================================================================================

232 PSYCHE. [July 1898
TAHLR OF THE GENERA OF TRYXALINAE.
A l. Foveolae of the vertex wanting or invisible from above, their plane forming a right or acute angle with the plane of the fastigium; face usually more oblique than in the alternate category.
tl. Sides of the fastigium strongly rounded so that the apex is in no way acuminate ; antennae depressed ensiform ; tegmina acuminate or angulate at apex; genicular lobes of hind femora (and generally also the genicular angle itself) horizontally produced and acuminate (Hyalopteriges). cl. Fastigium greatly produced, as long as or longer than the eye, its sides on basal half subparallel; face excessively oblique, the eyes sub- longitudinal ; genicular angle of hind femora longitudinally produced and acuminate.
d1. No foveolae of the vertex ; tegmina very much shorter than the abdomen; spines of outer margin of hind tibiae numerous, about 25 in number; subgenital plate of male abdomen excessively elon- gate. . . Rhaa'ino;å´aft~ McNeill (Note I). d2. Foveolae of vertex narrow, elongate; tegmina surpassing the abdomen; spines of outer margin of hind tibiae less numerous, about 16 in number ; subgenital plate of male abdomen of moderate length. . . Achzt~um Saussure.
c2. Fastigium subtriangular, not greatly produced, distinctly shorter than the eyes, the sides converging from the base; face less oblique, the eyes distinctly oblique ; genicular angle of hind femora not longitudinally pro- duced, but roundly deflexed, blunt. . Tryxaiis Fabricius (Note 2). t2. Sides of the fastigium straight or gently rounded, so that the fastigium is more or less acuminate; antennae variable ; tegmina apically rounded ; genic- ular lobes of hind femora apically rounded, the genicular angle roundly deflexed, blunt.
cl. Hind tibiae armed with numerous spines, numbering 15-20, usually 18-20, on the outer margin (Mcrmiriae).
tl\. Antennae long, ensiform; eyes of 9 somewhat shorter than the infraocular portion of the genae ; prosternum with a distinct tuber- cle; anterior ulnar vein of tcgmina situated midway between the radial and posterior ulnar veins the lower area reticulate in both sexes. . Memiria Stal.
d2. Antennae filiforrn, apically ampliate in the 8 ; eyes longer than the infraocular portion of the gcnae in both sexes ; prosternum with no tubercle; anterior ulnar vein of tegmina nearer the radial than



================================================================================

~uly 1898.1 PSYCHE. 233
the posterior ulnar, this lower field regularly fe-nestrate in the f, densely reticulate in the 9. , SyrbuZa Stil. c2. Hind tibiae armed with less numerous spines, rarely numbering as many as 15, usually only 10-12, on outer margin. <i1. Radial veins in apical third of wing in rf normal, not constricted nor specially incrassate, the discoidal field not fenestrate, el. Head usually more or less conical, ascending, sometimes strongly; eyes usually prominent; upper portion of frontal costa produced so that the front, as seen laterally, is more or less sinuate or excavate-annulate at the ocellus ; wings usually banded or highly colored (Acrolophiti) . f 1. Head as viewed laterally strongly ascending; face below ocellus subperpendicular; antennae more than half as long as the tegmina ; metazona distinctly elevated above the prozona, tumid or crested.
~ 1 . Metazona much longer than prozona, with an elevated but tumid crest. AcroZofhitus Thomas. g2. Metazona barely longer than prozona, tumid, but with only a slight carina. . Acrocara Scudder. fa. Head as viewed laterally with scarcely ascending vertex; face below ocellus distinctly though not greatly oblique ; antennae less than half as long as tegmina ; meta- zona not or barely elevated above the prozona, feebly tumid at most.
gl. Antennae much longer than the face ; lower mar- gin of lateral lobes anteriorly excised, broadly expos- ing the pleura; basal third of tegmina densely retic- ulate, the intercalary vein obscure.
Pedioscirtetes Thomas.
g2. Antennae shorter than the face ; lower margin of lateral lobes nearly horizontal throughout, scarcely exposing the pleura; only the extreme base of the tegmina densely reticulate, the intercalary vein dis- tinct. . Gjwznes Scudder.
eE. Head obscurely or not conical, never, unless very feebly, ascending; eyes seldom prominent; face, as seen laterally, straight throughout or uniformly rounded, never sinuate or excavato-angulate ; wings generally clear or (apically) faintly fu,liginous.




================================================================================

PSYCHE. [July 1898.
11. Head somewhat ascending ; antennae of very unequal length in the two sexes ; pronotum with no lateral carinae, the median carinae obsolete on the prozona; scapular area of f tegmina conspicuously expanded, so as to make the costal margin sinuate (Bootettiges) . Bootettix Bruner.
f. Head generally salient, rarely at all ascending; an- tennae subequal in the two sexes; scapular area of male tegmina not or but little, rarely at all conspicuously, ex- panded, never considerably disturbing the regular curve of the costal margin.
g1. Antennae distinctly flattened (except in Ambly- tropidia) , rather short * ; fastigium usually rotundate without distinct lateral costulation or, if distinct, then with a distinct median carina, generally continuing over the occiput, sometimes there accompanied by a pair of submedian carinae ; face strongly or rather strongly oblique; lateral carinae of pronotum usually parallel but sometimes converging mesially but without any, or but the faintest, constriction of the body of the pronotum (Amblytropidiae) .
hl. Disk of pronotum more or less clepsydra!, the lateral carinae converging near the middle so as to be there nearer together than at either the front or hind margin.
il. Apical spurs on inner side of hind tibiae very unequal in length.
jl. Antennae apically clavate ; lateral
carinae of pronotum subparallel ; teg-
mina as long as abdomen.
Erifettix Bruner.
J' a. Antennae apically attenuate though blunt; lateral carinae of pronotum con-
siderable arcuate ; tegmina abbreviate.
A 1. Hind margin of pronotum an-
gulate or rotundato-angulate; pro-
zona but little longer than metazona.
Mesochloa n. g. (Note 3).
'Not known in Acentetus




================================================================================

July 1898.1
PSYCHE.
k2. Hind margin of pronoturn trun-
cate; prozona much longer than
metazona.
MacneiZZia n. n. (Note 4).
. Apical spurs on inner side of hind tibiae subequal. . kenfetus McNeiIl.
h 2, Disk of pronotum equal or subequal, the lateral carinae being strictly parallel or diverging only (and slightly) on the rnetazona.
9. Scapular area of tegmina in both sexes dilated, subhyaline, regularly areolate with oblique veinlets.
jl.
Antennae feebly clavate in 3, de-
pressed but not basally expanded in 9 ;
supplementary subdorsal carinae on pro-
notum. . Amphifornus McNeiU.
,i2. Antennae apically acuminate in 3,
basally expanded so as to be subensi-
form in 9 ; no supplementary carinae
on pronotum. Ofeia McNeill (Note 5).
2 . Scapular area of tegmina in both sexes not at all dilated, of the same density as the other areas. . Amblyfropidia Stil.
. Antennae but little or not flattened, filiform, gen- erally long; fastigium more or less excavate or, if rotundate, with distinct lateral costulation ; no median carina on head unless the fastigium is deeply sunken, with high margins ; no supplementary carinae ; face usually subvertical ; lateral carinae of pronoturn strongly converging mesially, the pronotum being mesially constricted (Phlibostromae) .
k l. Face strongly oblique ; eyes oblique ; scap- ular area of tegmina in both sexes broader apic- ally than basally ; prozona much longer than rneta- zona, the latter subtruncate posteriorly. AIpha Brunner.
/; 2. Face subperpendicular ; eyes subvertical ; scapular area of tegmina in both sexes broader basally than apically; prozona and rnetazona of subequal length, the latter angulate posteriorly.



================================================================================

PSYCHE. [July ,898
il. Antennae much longer than head and
pronotum together; no median cirina on
head, except sometimes posteriorly ; inter- space between eyes as broad as the narrow- est part of pronotal disk; longest hind tibial spur scarcely longer than last tarsal joint. Phlitostroma Scudder (Note 6).
i2. Antennae no longer than head and pro- notum together; a percurrent median carina on head; interspace between eyes hardly if any more than half as broad as narrowest part of pronotal disk; longest hind tibial spur distinctly longer than last tarsal joint. Fsoloessa Scudder.
d2. Radial veins in apical third of wings of cf incrassate and con- stricted, the discoidal field fenestrate (Orphulae). el. Antennae relatively short, at most but little longer than head and pronotum together; fastigium of vertex with no median carina; scapular area of tegmina not specially dilated. ,fl. Foveolae of vertex more or less evident; prozona not much longer than metazona; lateral lobes of prono- turn transverse, 2. e., deeper than long; upper ulnar vein of tegmina, at least in 3, apically joining the lower ulnar vein at a long distance beyond the end of the basodiscoidal field. . . OrpkuZa Stil.
f2. Foveolae of vertex wasting ; prozona very much longer than mctazona ; lateral lobes of pronotum longitudinal, longer than or fully as long as deep ; upper ulnar vein of tegmina, at least in J, apically strongly arched, joining the lower ulnar vein not far beyond the end of the baso- discoidal field.
gl. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly tumid in descending by the obliquity of the upper portion; lateral carinae divergent on metazona; discoidal field of wings of cf distinctly narrowing apically. CZinoce/ha/us Morse.
g ^. Lateral lobes of pronotum plane, vertical ; lateral carinae parallel on metazona as on prozona; dis-



================================================================================

PSYCHE. 237
coidal field of wings in f hardly narrowing apically. Dichromo7$ha Morse.
e? Antennae long,
about or more than half as long again
as head and pronotum together; fastigium of vertex with a median carina; scapular area of tegmina distinctly dilated in both sexes, but especially in the male. . Chloealtis Harris. A2. Foveolae of the vertex always present, visible from above, their plane forming an obtuse angle with the plane of the fastigium; face usually more nearly vertical than in the alternate category.
b\. Tegmina with well-formed intercalary vein. c1. Inner apical spurs of hind tibiae subequal in length; apical por- tion of scapular field of f tegmina (and sometimes the adjoining parts) so dilated that the broadest part of the tegmina lies beyond the middle (Stenobothri.)
dl. Antennae filiform.
el. Face considerably oblique, straight or little rounded; fove- olae of vertex slender ; lateral lobes of pronotum longer than, or fully as long as deep ; interspace between the mesosternal lobes narrower than the lobes themselves. /I. Fastiginrn with a distinct median carina; lateral carinae of pronotum subparallel, the disk fully two and a half times as long as ~osterior breadth; scapular area of f teginina abruptly and greatly widened beyond the middle. Napaia McNeill.
f2. Fastigium with no median carina but only a colored line; lateral carinae of pronotum distinctly though not greatly sinuate, the disk thereby clepsydra1 and hardly twice as long as posterior breadth; scapular area of f tegmina gradually and less conspicuously widened beyond ' the middle. , . Sfenotolhrus Fischei-. e . Face little oblique, strongly rounded ; foveolae moderately broad, never more than twice as long as broad; lateral lobes of pronotum deeper than long; interspace between mesosternal lobes as broad as the lobes themselves.
/1. Hind margin of pronotum more angulate than front margin ; posterior margin of lateral lobes straight ; teg- mina and wings fully developed.
platy both^?^^ n. g. (Note 7.)
f2. Fore and hind margins of pronotum equally (and



================================================================================

slightly) angulate; posterior margin of lateral lobes sinu- ate; tegmina abbreviate and wings aborted. Brunei-ia McNeill (Note 8.)
a". Antennae apically clavate. . . Gomphocerns Thunberg. 6. Inner apical spurs of hind tibiae very unequal in length, the inferior twice or nearly twice as long as the superior ; apical portion of scapular field of 3 tegmina but little dilated, so that the broadest part of the
tegmina lies at the middle (Scyllinae).
a?'. ~edian carina of pronoturn as distinct on prozona as on meta- zona, cut only by the principal snlcus.
el. Fastigiurn of the vertex rounded, without or with suppressed lateral costulation ; hind tibiae with 14-1 6 spines on the outer margin. . Soopedon Thomas.
e . Fastigium of the vertex hollowed, with distinct lateral cos- tulation ; hind tibiae with 9-12 spines on outer margin. fl. Eyes elongate, nearly twice as long as broad ; frontal costa prominent, advanced in front of eyes by more than half the shorter diameter of the latter ; tegmina with defi- nite pantherine pattern. Plectroteftix McNeill (Note 9.) f '. Eyes suborbicular, much less than half as high again as broad; frontal costa not prominent, advanced in front of eyes by less than half the shorter diameter of latter; tegmina irregularly and obscurely flecked. gl. Pronoturn subtruncate posteriorly, the prozona much longer than the rnetazona; tegmina and wings abbreviate. . . EzIpnisodes McNeill (Note 10). g2. Pronotum more or less angulate posteriorly, the prozona and metazona equal or subequal; tegmina and wings fully developed.
hl. Pronotum constricted in the middle, the prozona slightly the shorter; lateral carinae pre- current, very divergent in front and behind. Sfirafleura Scudder (Note I I).
hs, Pronotum not constricted in the middle, the prozona slightly the longer; lateral carinae obso- Icte on the prozona, moderately divergent behind. Ageneotettix McNeill (Note 12).
P. Median carina subobsolete posteriorly on the prozona, cut by its sulci, as well as by the principal sulcus. Aulocara Scudder (Note 13).



================================================================================

July ,898 I PSYCHE. 239 '
A'. Tegmina with distinct intercalary vein (Epacromiae). 61. Intercalary vein slender, intermediate between radial and nlnar veins ; mediastinal vein of 2 short, not reaching middle of tegmina, the scap ular area beyond it dilated, scalariform-veined; median carina of pron- otum obsolescent. . , Lzgurotettix McNcill. 6 . Intercalary vein stout, nearer the ulnar than the radial vein; medi- astinal vein of 8 reaching well beyond the middle of the tegmina, the scapular area beyond it insignificant; median carina of pronotum dis- tinct, sharp. . . .
Note I. Rhadinotatum. I correct the
spelling of McNeill's name, the initial
letter of the Greek word from which he
derives it having a rough breathing.
Note 2. Tryxalis. I have given in
Psyche, viii, 168, my reason for sup-
porting McNeill in his use of this
generic term, instead of Metaleptea
Brunner.
Note 3. Mesochloa (&os, vk&). This
new generic name is proposed for En-
teftix aboriiws Brim., readily separable from Eritettix by the characters given
in the table, and, indeed, nearer to the following genus.
Note 4. Macneillia. This name is
suggested to replace Pedcticum McNcill,
preoccupied by Pedeticus Laporte in
Hemiptera. It is founded on Chryso-
chraon obscms Scudd.
Note 5. Opeia. This name is crrone-
ously spelled Oreina in McNeill's key;
see his note in Psyche, viii, 7 1.
Note 6. Phlibostroma. The genus
named Beta by Brunner in his SystSme
is the same as this, which has priority. Sce my note in Can. ent., xxix, 76.
Note 7. Platybothrus (TAUT&, ft66'ps).
. Mecostefhus Fieber.
This new genus is founded upon Steno-
bothrus br71nuez1s Thorn.
Note 8. Bruneria. Given as Brun-
neria (preoccupied) in McNeill's Revi-
sion, but corrected by him in Psyche, viii, 71-
Note 9. Plectrotettix. Given Plec-
trophorus by McNeill in his Revision,
but being preoccupied this name was
changed by him to the present form,
see Psyche, viii, 7 I.
Note 10. Enpnigodes. For a similar
reason and in the same place, this name
was substituted for Pnigodes of the
Revision.
Note n. Stirapleura. As I have
pointed out in Can. ent., xxix, 76, Pseu- dostauronotus Brunner is identical with
this and of more recent date.
Note I 2. Ageneotettix. In Psyche
viii, 7 1, McNeill substituted this name for Eremnus of his Revision, preoccu-
pied. See also my remarks in Can. ent.,
xxix, 75, and Psyche viii, 71.
Note 13. Aulocara. This is the
later Oedocara of Scudcler and Colora-
della of Brunner. See my notes in the
places last cited.




================================================================================

240 PSYCHE. [July 189~.
A NEW VOLUME OF PSTCHE
began in January, 1897, and will continue through three years. The subscription
price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. Numbers are issued on the first day of each month. Libraries and individuals
generally ordering through subscription agencies (which only take annual sub- scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire volume at once directly of us.- Any early volume can be had for $5.00, unbound. Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass.
Vols. 1-7, Complete, Unbound - - - - - - $33.00. Vols. 1-7, and Subscription to Volume 8 - - - - $37.00. Vol. 7 contains over 500 pp. and 10 plates, besides other illustrations. Guide to the Genera and Classification of the Orthoptera of North America north of Mexico. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. go pp. 8åÁ Contains keys for the determination of the higher groups as well as the (nearly 200) genera of our Orthoptera, with full bibliographical aids to further study.
Sent by mail on receipt of price ($1.00). E. W. WHEELER, 30 BOYLSTON STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York. MAKUFAC'niRERB ABD IBTOBTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and
FOLDING NET