Article beginning on page 458.
Psyche 7:458-460, 1894.

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458 PSYCHE, [December 2806.
With this article the present series
of "Notes on Winter Insects" is
brought to :I close. In addition to
the 18 sl2ccies of Onhoptera, 64 of
He~l~iptcra-Heteroptera and 286 of
Coleoptera, of which especial mention
h:ts been made, numerous other forms
wen; taken, the most of which ale, as
yet., unidentified.
An-iong them are some twenty or more
species of Coleoptera ; six of Diptera ; twelve winged Hymenoptem, besides
numerous species of ants (among tlie
former being females of
Vespa arm-
h a and maczi~da. and several species
of Bombus and Apis ) . Five butterflies
were also found in hibernation, viz.,
Bmzais archi$/us Fab., Grapta in-
terrog-ationis Fab., and comma II~IIT.,
Pyi-amek atcdanta Linn., and Vanessa
mitopa Linn ., the last most common,
and on the wing on Jan. 21, 1894.
Numerous species of myriapods and
a number of spiders were also taken and
preserved in alcohol, but are not yet
identified.
If, on account uf repetition in giving
the detail of places of hibernation, the notes have not been as interesting as
they otherwise might have been, I trust
that they will go to prove that many
insects live as adulk through the cold
season, and that their places of hiberna- tion are not difficult to finc?. An ex-
tended investigation, carried on through a series of years would undoubtedly
show many additional species to hiber-
nate in the perfect stage, and if labora- tory investigations were made in con-
junction- there might be a solution of
one of the great entomological prob-
lems ; viz. How can a living insect be
frozen solid for weeks and yet retain
vitality sufficient to fully recover and perpetuate its kirtd when the halcyon
days of spring roll round once more?
LIFE HISTORY OF DEILEPHILA LINEATA.
BY CAROI.INE G. SOUT^E, BROOKLINE, MASS. The eggs were sent me by Dr. J. M.
Schatier, from Keokuk, Iowa. They were
laid on July 4th and stii., and were ovoid, sinall in proportion to those of other
sphingiil moths of the same sine as this 23. lineafo, and yellow green, becoming bluer in a few days.
July 10th they hatched. The young larva
was ft, inch in length, pale green, with a short, smooth, caudal horn with two setae at the tip, which turned gray. The head was round, had many gray setae, and was held nearly horizontal. The first segment had a row of setae projecting over the head, and the setae of the body were dark enough to be noticed without a glass. The larvae were very active and restless, and dropped by a thread when disturbed. They did not eat
their shells, and ale grape-leaves but spar- ingly.
On the second day some had a distinct
brownish-red dorsal line from the now black caudal horn half-way to the head, giving a pinkish look to the posteriorpartof the body. A few had the first few segments decidedly pinkish and looked (without a glass) striped longitudinally, the stripes being the black setae, which were most numerous on the




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December 1896.1 F'SYCffE. 459
head and anal segment.
On the third day a
whitish siibdorsal line showed faintly, ex- tending from head to horn. The 1ie:id was like old ivory in color and the body was ir-linost a5 classy green as that
of a young
Z'/;y<eus (ibbutfii.
June iSt11.-- Fif-st motdf, Head ronm-1, bilobed, orange-brown, smooth and large. Body: 4 inch long, slender, dark green,
speckled with lighter green, and had a bilobed horny plate of lighter green on the dorsiini of first segment. There was a faint yellow stigin;itiil line on first three segments, and a bright !ellow subdorsal line from head to horn, in most cases, but some larvae had no yellpw lines. Feet mid props of lighter green. Horn lighter green at base, black and rough above. Some larvae had the anal shield
oi'ange-brown. Ate very little.
June 22d. Second moidt. Lai-vat 4 inch
long. Head large, round, hilobed, orangc- brown, speckled with lighter. Body almost black, speckled with yellow-white. Sub-
dorsal line of bright yellow, wideuing into a yellow patch on each segment. Stigmatiil wavy line of bright yellow. Body tapered from the third segment to the head. Feet, props and anal shield 01-ange-brown. Horn orange-brown at base, black and rough
above. Gave woodbine, which they ate
eagerly, lesiving the grape for it.
June 27th.- Third moult. \ inch lona;.
Ilend round, large, bilobed, deep orange- brown, with white dots and many setae.
Body black, with tninsvcri-e lines of white dots, velvety black on the clorsum and he- tween the segments. Subdorsal line of bright yellow, widening into a spot on each seg- ment. Bright yellow stigmata1 line wavy
and broken. Feet and props orange-brown. Horn black, shining, rough, still ending in two setae. Anal shield black, speckled and edged with' yellow-white, and looking very high above the props.
July 1st. Fourth moult, 14 inches long.
Head orange-brown, speckled with lighter, sinall, round. Body pale green, with black triinsverse lines from stigmata1 line to dorsal h?nd.
Dorsal band velvety black, giving off
a short band of bliick, on each side, between each two segments. Subdorsal and stigmata1 lines yellow, the yellow dot of the former occurring in the short black hand. Dorsal plate on first segment orang-e-brown, speckled with lighter, as were the anal props and shield. Feet and abdominal props orange- brown. Horn slender, rough, orange-brown at base, bhick above, ending in two tiny tubercles. Spiracles yellow-white, encircled with black. Venter palei, and mottled, as well as striated, with black. One larva hsid the head, dorsal plate, and anal props find shield, green speckled with orange, the body hdrdly striated with black, the yellow lines very pale and greenish, and oneach segment an orange spot. The dorsal black band
was very fsiint and divided by a dorsal line of green, hut the short blaclc bands were very velvety and deep in color. In this stage all the liirvae hi-id a habit of moving the caudal horn as a finger might be moved, not merely depressing it backwards. They were very
active, dropped from the stems when dis- tin-bed, mid jerked their heir-ds from side to side like larvae of 7"'. nbbotkii. The body still tapered from the third segment to the head.
July 5th. Fifik moult. 1% inches long.
Head, dorsal plate on first segment, anal <props and shield orange-brown, speckled with lighter. Body n~itstiu-d-yellow with short blue-black bands between the segments. Dorsal line very fine and yellow. Subdorsal and stigimttal lines yellow, broken, with a yellow dot on =tch segment. Feet, props, and horn orange brown, the horn longer in proportion, and rough. Spiracles orange, circled with black. The second form had the head, dorsal plate, anal props and shield green, dotted with lighter; feet, abdominal props, and horn dull, pale orange. Body
green, with much less black striation ; dorsal line broad, green, in a wide, hut less black band. Snbdorsal yellow line contracted
into a yellow spot, enclosing an orange
dot SL-t in the short black band on each



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460 PSYCHE. [December iSq6.
segment, with a very faint yellowish tracc between the spots. Stigmata1 line faint and broken, with an orange spot under each
spiracle. One specimen had no oriuigc in the subdorsal line of spots. In this stage also they moved their horns like fingersoranten- nae. In every moult they ate their cast skins even to the horns. July i~th, the longest one was 3a inches, the shortest 3 inches in length. They stopped eating, chewed holes in the cloth over their tins, and were very restless, then grew quiet, and two days later, spun loose nets between leaves or between leaves and the tin.
July 16th. Pupated. Pupa I& inch long,
slender, of a pale tan-color, slightly pitted on abdominal segments. The head was much
prolonged, and the eves were well defined, The tongue case was not raised. The anal point had two short hooks. On each side
of the abdominal segment below the tip
of the wing covers was a rough oval patch of a deeper tan-color than the pupa. In
two cases the wing covers kept a greenish tinge. Aug. nth.-$ emerged between I
and i P.M. Sept. 25th, 8 emerged before
I M The others show no signs of emerg-
ing.
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