Article beginning on page 446.
Psyche 7:446-450, 1894.

Full text (searchable PDF)
Durable link: http://psyche.entclub.org/7/7-446.html

The following unprocessed text is extracted from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.

[November 1896.
NEW SMYNTIIURI. INCLUDING MYRMECOPHILOUS AND AQUATIC SPECIES.
BY JUSTUS
WATSON FOLSOM, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
White everywhere, excepting' ferruginous mottlings as specified below, which are absent in young and occasionall_y in adult specimens. Head free, capped with ferruginous patches, and covered withshort, stiff bristles denser on the front; front with two fkrruginous patches which are elliptical, oblique and often united above. Eves absent. Anteun~e four-fifths the body in length, geniculate, segments nearly as I: 2: 3.5: 9; bad segment very stout, naked ; second clavate, petiolate, three- whorled ; third cylindrical, four-whorled ; terminal segment (Plate 10, fig. 5) suhpeti- olatc, about ten-whorled, interrupted just beyond the middle by three distinct iiiibseg- ments, barrel-shaped and subequal. Body
oval from above, anteriorly almost naked, posteriorly with short, recurved bristles, longer upon the small, rounded anal tubercle ; posterior ofabdomen with a pair of broad, subdorsal stripes composed of ferruginous mottling's ; sides tnottled with ferruginous. Ventral tube stout. emitting two rounded tubercles. Thoracic rings distinctly visible. Legs stout, bristly. Superior claws of fore- feet slender, wen-curved, scarcely tapering; of mid-feet stout,twice the preceding in width ; of hind feet also stout, but smaller and more tapering; all these unidentxte 011 the middle of the inside. Inferior claws of fore-feet very slender and tapering, exceeding the opposing claws in length; of mid-feet half as long as the superior cliuvs, stout, iilmost straight, obliquely truncate; of hind-feet similar to the last, but smaller and more tapering. Tencnt hairs absent. Furcula slender, es- tending to mouth; rnanubriutn exceeding
anal tubercle, swollen ventrally; denten scarcely tapering, with lateral and ventral rows of stiff bristles at moderate inlei-viils, an extra long ventral bristle beyond the base and another before the apex of each dens; an apical, finger-like process external to the base of each inucro; mucrones nine-tenths denies in length, slender, tapering, distinctly serrate, with rounded apex. Maximum
length, .78 m:n. Described from fifteen
types.
S. heft-it~s is blind and myrmecophiious. I found it at Arlington, Mass., within a single decaying log in swampy soil; along with a colony of ants of the genus Formica. It was common in early June and disappeared in'the middle of August of the present year. Easily recognized by the terminal antenna1 seg- ment and absence of eyes.
S. tei~ttm is quite distinct from any species yet described but must be placed near 5. fill- rains Schijtt, of California.*
Lemon yellow, with three broad, longitu- dinal, broken-margined, maroon stripes: a median dorsal and two lateral, the latter con- tinned across the head; all connected above the anal tubercle by a broad transverse band. Median stripe often absent and dorsum green- ish. Stripes rarely obsolete or broadening until confluent. Head large, yellow, smooth elongate-ovate in side view: with short, white bristles, especially on the face;
oral
region, often maroon ; a. spreading, lobed mark between the bases of the antenna.
Eye spots very large, black, connected by a pale, pandiu-ate swelling. Antennae of fe- males a little longer than the head, segments SdGtt, Harald. Beitrage zur KLenntniss Kalifornischer Colleinl~ola. Bill. Kon. Sven. Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 17, Afd. IV. No. 8, p. 13,Taf. II. figs. 2-5,1891.



================================================================================

as 2 : 2.5 :+j : 7: basal segment yellow, cylin- drical, twice as lungas broad, almost naked; second yellow or p~irplish, cylindrical, almost naked; third purple, cylindrical, subpetio- late, with fnm distant whorls; terminal seg- ment purple, tapering, blunt at apex, not ringed, with eight or nine distant whorls of moderately long hairs behind the apex.
Antennae of males show the following re- m:irk;iblc sexual modification (fig. 4). Seg merits as I : 1.5 : 1 : 2 ; basal segment cylin- drical, twice as' long as broad, iun.1 nearly twice as broad as theother segments; second petiolate, sparsely hairy, hearing on the distal hi~lf a row of three stout cylindrical processes. the pioxitnal of whicli bcars a long, falcxte. chitino~ts hook, and the next a simi- lar. but small, hook; third segment contin- uing the row with three finger-like processes, the distal of \\hich is two-thirds' iind the proxinial one-third the length of the segment, the remaining process being small; terminal 6egment simply shorter and stouter thiui in the female.
Body oval from above, with short bristles, especially posteriorly; nnal tubercle small, liemisphe1 icul, yellow: with longer bristles; steni~~n~ white, swollen at basc of manu- brium; ventral tube stout, cylindrical,
emitting two snhpyritbrn~ processes. Legs ~tont, bristly, pale yellow excepting pur- ple iipiccs of tibiie. Superior cliiws of fore and mid-feet (fig. I) unusually long, half as long as tibia. a little curved, clearly iniclentate beneath, two-fifths from apex, p11r- pie internally; inferior claw half as long, purple at base, straight, slender, tapering. with a subapical bristle much exceeding the opposing claw. Superior claws of hind-feet (fig-. 3) two-thirds as long as those of fore- and mid-feet, stouter, smoothly curved and tapering-, not dentate, purple basally : infe- rior claw two-thirds :is long, white, broad, roii'iitleti-triangular, inner edge convex, outer &tr;iigIit, near the latter a stout rib prolonged as far again, as an apiciil bristle. A conspic- uous colorless sp:ice on the lower side of the apex of each hind tibia. Tenent hairs absent throughout. Furcula slender, mostly white, attaining ventral tube; nianubriurn exceed- ing anal tubercle; dentes three times as long ventrally, swollen at base, with dorsal, Iat- era1 and ventral rows of close, stout bristles ; mncrones (fig. 2) four-fifths dentes in length, spoon-like, lanceolate laterally, broadly 1x11- ceolate from above, unsymmetrical, with
narrowly lanceolate, purple, apically pro- duced midrib froin which radiate stout ribs to the inner serrate margin of the colorless limb and shorter weaker ribs to the oppo- site. entire tnai'gin.
Maxirnuiti lenglh, .6j mu. Described from fifty types.
1 found S. sociaZis abundant at Belmont and Arlington, Mass., from April 19 until May 14: 1896. It is found on the surface of ponds i1nd streams, feeds upon Desmids and skips on the water in a lively manner, for which purpose the fiircula is pec~i1iiirl.y adapted. The antciiniic of the male, modified to elicir- cle and hold those of the female, are strik- ingly like those of the European S. elqnn- tubs Rent.* which Scliott, with apparent reason, considers a. variety of S. mi~lmgrem'i Tull. In fact. socialis represents eleya-siful'ns in this country- but is different in the follow- ins imporli-in1 respects among others : sodctlis has distinctly unidentate superior claws and lanceolate mucrones with coarsely serrate inner a1ii.1 entire outer margin, with produced midrib iind without yubiipical incision ; while elegant~~f-us^' has naked superior claws and elliptical mucrones with both margins denlnte, wiLhout produced midrib niii.1 with a subapical incision.
General color from rose pink to deep rose- purple or violet. Head free, with short, dense, deflexed biistles above the mouth.. *Sd~Ott, Harakl. Zur Systematik iwd Veibieitune; Palaearcti~ci~er Collcmbola. Kon, Sven Vet. Akad. Hand, Bd. 25, So, ii,p. 35, Taf. I1,figs. 20, 2:,26, 1893.



================================================================================

448 PSYCHE. [November 18~6.
Vertex sparsely bristly, with a median longi- tudinsil purple stripe. A prominent black patch between the bases of the antennae. Eye spots laige: black, broadly surrounded by chrome yellow. Antennae purple, often ycllow basiilly, three-fifths the body in length, segments about as r : 1.5 :3 :;; bnsal segment stout, almost naked; sixonci twice as long as broad, sparsely hairy; third cylindrical, with four whorls; terminal segment cjlindrical, not I-in@, with selen or eight distant.
whorls of In~ira. Body from above elongnte- ovtite with a sinall reentering angle: body segments distinctly visible. Thorax with intersegmental lows of sinall, pale yellow dots. Sides of abdomen with pale spots
often round. Posterior dorsum with slioi-t. erect bristles Anal tubercle rounded, with Iong deflexed bristles. Abdomen swollen at biise of furcula. Ventral tube stout, :is long as a tibia, einittingttwo rounded tubercles. Legs stoiit, bristly, pale pin-ple with yellow- ish patches. Superior claws (fig. 6), except of liind feet, remarkiibl~ long, as Iong as n muci-o. slender. tapering, litLle curved sipic- ally, uuiiJentale beneatli, onc-third from apex. un-pic up to the tooth; inferiorchiw less than half as long, narrow-, tapering, straiglit. Superior claws of hind feet (fig. 8) t~vo-thirds as long as thosc of the other feet. stout, st~~oothly tapering and well-curved through- out, not toothed; inferior claw half the iaht in length, broad, ro~~rided-tvia~~gular, inner edge conceive, outer convex. neai- the lattei a stout rib continued into an apical bristle longer than the claw itself. Tcncnt hairs absent thro~igliout. Furcula reaching be- yond the mouth, purple to almost white.
segments ventrallj as I : 3.5 : I. Maiiubrium latei-ally oblong, almost naked; dentes vkh slont bristles longer and thiclier ~ipicallj; mucroneh (fig. 7) spoon-like', elongate-ovatc from above, nus~mmeLrical with a stout,
lanceolatc, purple midrib from which radiate stnut ribs to the inner coal-sely,serrated mar- gin of the colorless liinb and shorterweake~ ribs to Llie outer entire inargi11 of the opposite limb.
Maximum length, .97 mm. Described from
fifty types.
S. ai~cns ocxurred abundantly with 5'.
socidi.~, last described, to which it is closely related, also having sitnilar habits. I had the good fortune frequently to observe the probable copulation of both and was able to vcrif? in most details the observations nit& upon the allied European species by Reutcr* and Leva11der.f
5'. amictts ilppeai-s to represent in ibis country the European S. (iqaaticus Boud., although it cmnot he considered the same specics. The body of amicns is quite differ- rent in form and markings, the superior
claw?, of fore and mid feet are much longer, entirely different in slmpe; and clearly uni- dentat?, the opposing inferior claws having no subapicul bristle, tcnent hairs being absent while Llic itiiicrones have a differently shaped midrib and margins coarsely serrate within :ind entire without.
Bluisli black. Head free, black, almost
risked. Eye spots black, broadly siirioiinded by yellow, especially within. Antennne
short, two-fifths the bod? in length, stout, siibclavate, segments as I : 1.5 :3 : .j; basal segment as broad as Iong. black, naked ; second clavate, petinlate, yellow. xith a few minute bristles; third subpetiolate, ycllo\v, with few such bristles; Lcrn-iin:i.l segment !iubcl;iv;itc, blunt, black, iinringed, with m;my close whorls of moderate bristles. Body
distinctly segmented: fiom above smoothly oval, posteriorly with scattered minute
bristles; sides with several rows of pale, cir- cular spots ; aual tubercle visible from above, snitill, rounded, distinctly of two segments with longer bristles. Ventral tube stout; ?Renter, 0. M. Sui l'accouplement chez dem, esp&esde l'ordre ties Col1~-mboles. Ent, Tidsk. 1 Arg. p. i jq, 1880. å´i-Levander I<, &I. Einige biologische beoba.dil'iiiireii iibcr Smhthnriis apicfilis Renter. Act. Soc. p. Faun; ct Flora Feun. IX, no. q, 1894,
SSchbtt. Zur. Spt! etc., p. 36, i?,Tai. 11. figs. 22-21;.



================================================================================

processes three times its length, cylindrical, not papillate, truncate. Legs short, stout, yellow, black b:is:illy, with short, sparbe lirifctles, claws small, stout. Supcrii~r claw blunt, with striiiglit, untoothed inner edge: inferior claw two-third* as long, broadly triangular, untoothed. Tenent hairs two. Furcula short and stout; tnanubriuni short. almost nuked; mucrones with a few shoi t bristles in lateral and ventral rows, also it long ventral bristle beyond the base and a second before the apex; mucrones one third dentes in length, long triangular, apex down- bent but not hooked, ventral margins usually entire, rarely with a few minute teeth near the base only.
Maximum length .7,j mm. Described from
ten types.
S. remotus occurred duriug last May at
Belmont, Mass., on dead logs in a peat bog. Its nearest allies are S. niyw Lubb. and 5. minutus MaeG.
Pale, translucent yellowish-green. The
contents of the alimentary cii-nul, which show through the skin, give the appearance of ;I large, blackish, backward pointingtri- angle> extending the length of the dorsum. Body in largest specimens dusky throughout with lai-gc, pale, rounded spots laterally. Head free, pale green, with stout. white. cnrvingbbristles. Eve spots black, oltcn pyi-iform. Antennae over hitif the length of the body, purplish, paler at base, genicnlate. segments n-s I : 3 : 6 : 16, cylindrical; basal segment short, stout, ahnost ll~i-kcd; second sparsely bristly; third more bristly: termi- nal segment with seventeen 01-eighteen dis- tinct siibsegtnents, each with a whorl of tnodei-iite bi-istles. Body oval from above, sometimes strongly angul~ited behind, with stout recurved bristles denser behind, each often arising from a pale, circular spot; anal tubercle distinctly of two segments: pale green, bristly. Sternum posteriorly with many small, rounded, white &pots, closely in foui'groups. Ventriil tube stoutly cylindrical processes almost as long its the antennae, cylindrical, densely papillate except basally. Les lxtle greei-i, hristly, hind claws largest. Superior cln-ws spoon-like; outline. wlicn viewing the concave siirface. broadly oblong with rounded apex and a long tooth on the middle of either side; outline in side view finger-shaped. Inferior claws, except hind pair, perfectly distinct, ;is long as the 012- posing claws, straight, slender, acuminate, with a projecting angle on the inside near the base; hind pair two-thirds the opposing in length, broadly triangular with st,-aight external edge and obtuse internal angle, the latter bearing a stout tooth. Tibiae apically with two or three long, nnknobbed hairs. Furcula pale green, reaching beyond ventral tube; m~uiiibrium short, stout, not swollen, with short bristles; dentes each with three long ventral bristles, also ventral xnd lateral rows of short bristles, eight in a row, not half as long as the width of a dens; mucrones hpoon-like, spatulate, crenate on nncr edge, in side view tapei-in% and with apes down, bent and obliquely tnmcalc,
Maximum length, 2.2 mm. Described from
thirty types.
I fo~ind this species common after a rail) on dead sticks in pine woods at Arlington, 'M;iss., Aug. 19, 1892. Two d;iys later few could be found. It is nearest to S. spifuifns Ma&. but differs notably in markings, claws and fnrciila. I take pleasure in dedicating .S.fitchiz'to the first careful student of North American Thysanurii.
Oi-ange. Dorsnm dusky in large speci-
inens. Head free, moderately clothed with short, stiff bristles. Eye spots black, a lag.ge buff spot against the inner side of each and a small, black, ocell~is-like spot in front of and between them. Face strongly gibbons
above the mouth. Antennae three-fifths the body in length, outer half blacLish, segments as 1 : 2 : 3 : 6; basal segment stout, naked ;



================================================================================

450 p.5 2TII.E. [November 1896.
second subclavate,petiolate, sparsely bristly; third c?linch-ical, bristly; terminal segment subpetiolate, rather blunt, unriti~d, with about ten separated whorls of bristles. Body ovate from above, anteriorly almost naked. posteriorly with short, sparse bristles; anal tubercle small. bristly, coinpose$ of two seg- ments. Eoth the ventral tube and its pro- cesses are cylindrical and stout. Legs stont, bristly; tibia-tard iirticulation constrictcd. Superior claw finger-shaped, almost straight, not dentate; inferior claw two thirds as long, triiingular with straight outer edge. Tenent hairs two. Furculii short and stout; manu- hri~m not exceeding the anal tubercle,
sparse1.y bristly; dentes scarcely tapering, with lateral and ventral rows of sepiirated bristles; initcrones two-thirds dentes in length, Ion^-triangular with entire margins and rounded apices.
Maximiiii~ lcngth, 1.1 min. De-scribed
from ten types.
1 found this uncommon specie?, especiallv under the bark of dciicl oak logs. at Arling. ton, Mass., this year, from March 26 until Apf't 12, inclusive. With pleasure T name it after Mr. Samuel I-1enshai.v.
Types of all the above species have been given to the Museum of Comparative ZoGl- ogy at Cambridge: Mus,
EXPLANATION7 OF PLATE 10.
Fig. I. Swynthirus socially, fore foot. x 472.
Fig. 2.
Smy,i/yiuf-u.~soc/'dis, inncro, x 472.
Fig. 3. ' hindfoot,
472
Fig. 4. Sinynthuws sodaUs. modified
male antenna. x 171.
Fig. j.
Sm-yntJiurns beniius, terminal an-
tennal segment, x 116.
Fig. 6. SmyntSiurny, anticzs, fore foot, x 3.53-
Pig- 7.
Smynthms umicus, mucro, x3js.
Fig. 8. c c ' hind foot. x
353-
PARTIAL LIFE-HISTORY OF IIALISIDOTA CINCTIPES GROTE. RY HARRISON G. UYAR, NEW YORK, N. Y.
Lai-va a liii-oe II~ilisidotii, like fessela~i's, lilt dark brown or silver gray brown with all the hair tufts white. Feeding on sea- grape: Lake Worth; Florida.
I assume eight stages, thoiigh some of
them may he omitted in the actual ontogony. Stayc ZV. Skin orange brownish, a black
subclorsal shiidc 011 joints 5 to 11, connected dorsally :it the ends and most pronounced there (5 and 11) ; tubercles i to iii black on ,5 and 11. elsewhere the wimk are brownish. Head round: shining black over apex. brown below. lahrnin bright white; width 1.3 mm. Hair short. thin, white, with a few black ones, especiiilly on thc (kirk inarks and on joints 5 itnd IT: ;i short, yellowish subdorsal pencil on joints4 and 12; a few longer pate hairs at the anterior end. Wart iv absent on the iibdomen, leg plate shining; two
warts on joints 3 and 4 above the stigmata1 wart, one below it; joint 2 considerably re- tracted. The subdorsal pencil on joint 4 siriscs from tubercle i; on joint 12 from iii. Sfqe VII. Head red-brown, a little
blackish immediately above the white line on labrum find the white bases of the anten- nac; width 3.5 mm. Hair thinner than in
the following stage, the color of the skin visible, violaceous brown with black dorsal shade and spii-acular marks or blockish Era?, shading darker stiginatically. Hair brown, varying from violii.ceoiis brown to chocolate;



================================================================================