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Psyche 7:407-410, 1894.

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NOTES ON THE ACRIDIDAE OF NEW ENGLAND- 11.- TRYX- AL1NAE.- V.
BY ALBERT P. MORSE, WELLESLEY, MASS.
Orphula Stkl. 1873. Recensio or-
thopterorum, i, p. 101,.
According to Brunner's Revision
the three following species belong to
Orpkula. Giglio-Tos, however, has
separated from Orp1111la (Boll. Mus.
2001. ed. Anat. con-ip. R, Univ.
Torino, Sept. '94) a group to which
lie applies the name 01@~ztf.eHa,
giving it generic rank, and restricting
the former to a single species. TO
Orphulella apparently belongs our
maczdipennis, but our other two
species present characters intermediate
between the two genera as chayacter-
ized by Giglio-Tos. In consequence
of this fact and the very great simil-
arity of oui species I am disposed to
regard Orphulella as wortl~y of sub-
generic rank only, and have retained
the older name in its wider sense for
our species.
The species of this genus are among
the most difficult to discriminate of
any of our locusts. It has been only
by ii large amount of collecting and
observiition in the field that I am
enabled to present any positive state-
ments regarding the forms described,
10 vaiiable sire individuals of the same species in color, markings and shut-
ture. The characteristic differences
of e;ich form are given very fully in
the key, but individuals vary so much
that no specimen can be determined
with entire confidence from a single
chi acter ; yet by taking into consider- ation all the differences indicated I
have had very little difficulty in identi- fying nearly 2500 specimens, less than
half-a-dozen causing even temporary
iloulit.
We have in New England three
distinct species of the genus, and I
have no reason to think that there are
more, though I have not been able to
collect in the extreme north and north-
east. These conclusions are practi-
cally the same as were published at
the time of the description of o h -
ceus (Psyche, June, '93). Our
species are best known under the
names of Stenoho/hr?-<s ~nacuZz'ftc-finis, aequalis, and olhaceus. Olivaceus,
the last species to be described, seems
not to have been previously noticed,
but the other two are more or less
affected by several names applied to
representatives of this genus from this
region ; these are : feZidnus Burro.,




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spfidoszis, hilitteatus, and å´'pro$iw
quans Scudd. Pelidnus has priority
over all; it was described from Perm.
and the description agrees most closely
with maculifienn+ which would in
this case become a synonym. Speci-
OSUS, maczli-pennis., aeguah bilin-
eatus, and fropiizyua?zs were described
next, in the same publication, in the
order given, all the descriptions
appearing at the same time, s$eciosus
from a single specimen from Minn.,
the others from several, chiefly from
New England. Of these the descrip-
tions of w~aczlipennis and aepalis
best characterized the species to which
they were applied and in consequence
have been most widely used; bilin-
eatus was applied to the brown form
of aepalis and has" properly been
reduced to a synonym or retained in
varietal rank merely, to denote this
color-form. The type of speciosm
also may prove to belong to aegualis
in which case this name also will
become a synonym. Prof~inquans
was described from Minn. and Conn.
and a word concerning it is necessary.
In my Preliminary List I have given
it as a synonym of pelidnus on Mr.
Scudder's authority, based on inspec-
tion ol' the types some years ago. I
also stated that from an examina-
tion of the types of å´propinyuan I
suspected them to be long-winged
examples of aeyualis. These types
have unfortunately been inaccessible
to me in the preparation of this paper
with the exception of a single speci-
men from Ncw England which was
probably such and which is undoubt-
edly aeqvulis. It may be, however,
that individuals of both maczdipennis
and aeyualis were included in the
types of popinpans. So closely do
the species of this genus resemble each
other that it would be impossible with-
out an examination of the types of
pelidnus and a thorough collection
and study of the species from Penn.
and Minn. to say which, if any, of
these names should be abandoned.
Since the species are now well-
characterized under their present
names, it seems the wisest course to
retain them rather than change the
nomenclature on an uncertainty.
8. Orphula maculipennis Scudd.
Figs, 8, 8a, Sb, Sc, Sd, Se.
Sfenoboths-tis maculipennis. Scud-
der, 458. 1862. Thomas, 87. Fer-
nald in part, 37. Beutcnmiiller, 293,
Morse, 14, 105 ; Psyche, '93, p. 478.
I liave taken nearly 600 examples of
this species but have yet to see one
with teg~nina failing to reach the end
of the hind femora. Brown specimens
are more plentiful than green, tlie rela- tive proportion seeming to be affected
by the environment, as in aepalis;
green 9 vary from one-eighth to one-
third as common as brown; bright
green 8 are very scarce, and discolor
somewhat in drying, becoming brown-
ish, so that they appear less plentiful in the collection than in the field. Indi-
viduals arc sometimes rose-red on the
costal and anal parts of the tegmina
with the pronotum and head either
brown or green, tlie occiput being




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August 1896.1 ps ?THE. 409
striped lengthwise or not, and the sides of the pronoturn banded or not, exactly
a in aepalis; but there seem to be
fewer individuals showing intermediate
shades of coloring.
Antenna.
Hind fern.
Teg. Teg. > Hind lam,
8 4.7-6.5 8.5-9.8
12.5-16.3 1-4.5
3 5-7 10.5-12.5 13.5-30
å 5-3
Body. Total.
4.5-15. j- I.<L-To.~
6.j-23.5 u-z6
In the $ the hind femora usually
extend 2mm. beyond the end of the
abdomen, in the 2 a little less.
This species begins to appear about
the middle of July, being a week or
two later than aepiaZis, and may be
found during the remainder of the sea-
son. The earliest date on which I
have taken it is July 18 and the latest
Sept. 8. It is an active and alert spe-
cies, leaping well and also flying freely and well, sometimes for two or three
rods. I have found it common along
the seashore of the three southern New
England States, and in the northeastern
part of Conn.
It is found on the drier
portions of the land adjoining salt-
marshes, on the more densely grassed
portions of ground just inshore of the
sandy beaches, and on sandy or loamy
soil further inland.
In Conn. I have taken it at Green-
wich, Stamford, North Haven, Deep
River, Xiantic, Montville, Thompson ;
in R. I. at Kingston, Wickford, and
on Block Id. ; in Mass. on Cuttyhunk
and Penikese Ids., at West Chop, M.
V., Wood's 13011, Provincetown, Re-
vere, and a single $ and $ at Welles-
ley. The specimens referred to this
species in Smith's Orth. of Maine are
longwinged examples of aegzt-alis; as
probably are also those spoken of by
Sciidder in Distribution of insects in
N. H. where this species is said to
occur in the White Mt. valleys and else- where.
9. Orphula aequalis Scudd. Figs.
9, 9'1, 9bi 90'
Stenobothrus aepa//s. Scudder,
459, 1862. Thomas, 89. Beuten-
milller 294. Morse, 14, 104; Psyche,
'939 P. 478.
Stenobothrits bilineatus. Scudder,
460. Thomas, 90.
Stenoboth?-z.s maczilipennis, in part.
Fernald, 37. Comstock, Introd., 102.
Smith, Orth. Me., 148 ; Orth. Conn.,
376-
This species is one of our most
variable locusts in color and markings,
and to a scarcely less extent in stsuc-
ture. The teginina and wings, while
usually about reaching the end of the
hind femora, are often considerably
shorter, and occasionally extend beyond
them. The long-winged specimens
occur everywhere but seem to vary
in numbers locally, being common in
the hilly, elevated districts of Norway, Me., and Adams, Mass., but very
scarce in the vicinity of Wellesley.
Long-winged females are rather more
common than males.
In color the discoidal field of the
tegmina is tolerably uniform, being
brownish, pellucid distally, more or
less maculate with fuscous spots, or
even unspotted. The costal (rnargi-




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410 PS WX~JT. [~ugust ,896.
nal) and anal arexs are very variable
and may agree or differ in color with
each other or with the top of the head
and pronotiim. These variations are
endless but the more striking ones
are the following :
Head. Pronotum. Tegmina.
I Green. Green. Green.
3 "
6' Rose-red.
3 Brown Brown ' 6
4 "
6 t Brown.
The occiput may or may not have a
pair of longitudinal fuscous stripes,
and the lower half of the side of the
pronotum may or may not be crossed
by an irregular fuscous band. These
variations in color of particular parts
occur independently of each other and
of wing-length and vary extremely in
tint. For instance, the general color
of the insect being brown or green
the dorsum of the pronotum may be
pale gray or dark fuscous. The color
of a large series of specimens, how-
ever, sceins to agree to some extent
with that of the environment, whether
clamp and the vegetation largely grcen-
ish, or dry and chiefly brown. Brown
females are most plentiful and green
males least so, though not uncommon.
Antenna. Hind fern.
(f 4 S-6.5 8.5-10
5-6 5 94-12
Teg. vs. H. fern.
: " - ~ s .
This species makes its appearance
the first week in July and probably
may be found during the remainder
of the season, though becoming scarce
in October. It is plentiful by July
15 and still common at the middle of
September. It is one of the most
~lentiful and widespread of all our
locusts but owing to its small size
and non-migratory habits does not
attract the attention given to the
larger and consequently more destruct-
ive species. While somewhat local
it is found nearly everywhere on dry,
sandy or loamy soils, sometimes in
company with macuwennis near the
coast, and abundantly inland. It
moves chiefly by leaping, but readily
takes wing on occasion, flying, how-
ever, but a few feet. Active and
alert in the hot, sunny weather of
mid-summer, it can best be secured
by sweeping the net rapidly over the
ground, a dozen or two of specimens
being the result of a few minutes
work.
Of this species I have about 1500
specimens mostly of my own collecting,
from many localities, among them the
following : Deering, Fryeburg, Norway,
and SpeckledMt., Me. ; Hanover (Prof.
C. M. Weed), No. Conway, Kearsarge
Mt. (2000 ft.), and Kingston (S. W.
Denton), N. H. ; Brattleboro' (Mrs. J.
B. Powers), Vt. ; Canaan, Stamford,
New Haven, Niantic, and Thon~pson,
Conn. ; Kingston and Wickford, R. I. ;
Cuttyhunk and Penikese Ids., West
Chop, M. V., Wood's 13011, Mt. Her-
man and Easthampton (S. W. Den-
ton), Adams, Palmer, Worcester,
Belmont (C. J. Maynard), Revere,
Blue Hill, and the vicinity of Wellesley.



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The specimens from Speckled Mt., Me.
four in number, are all long-winged
and perhaps flew there in the adult
stage.
10. Orphula olivacea Morse.
Figs. 10, ioa.
Stenobothrus olivace^~i Morse,-
Psyche, '93, 477; '94, 104. Bcuten-
miller, 294.
This species I have described in full
elsewhere (loc. cit.) and there is very
little new to add here. The 8, whilc
often presenting a greenish hue at
capture, dries to a dull brown. The
green form of S is about one-fourth to
one-third as numerous as the brown.
In New England it is known only
from Greenwich and Stamford, Conn.
Beutenmiiller reports it from Sandy
Hook, N. J., and I have received it
from Prof. J. B. Smith, from Anglesea,
N. J., where it seems to be common.
One female from the latter place is
extremely large, measuring as follows :
hind fern. 14. j ; teg. 22 ; total length 30 mm.
THE CONDITION OF APATELA.
BY A. RADCLIFI+.E GROl'E. A.M., HILDKSHEIM, GERMANY. It is a matter for regret that in 186;
we had no larger series of the Americdn
species with us, when the late Mr. C. T. Robinson was my companion in a visit
to Guenbe at Chateaudun. I had ham
amelis and a paler species, besides J
few others, and this paler species is
what I subsequently named clarescens
111 Arneiican collections. Guen6e had
his types in little glass boxes, and, aftei a long study, thought that the pale
species might be clarescens, but it dif- fered from his type somewhat. Guen6e
said that some of his types were sent
back to the British Museum, and some
named specimens, but many of his
types he had with him. Of some of
these he furnished me drawings (which
I can no longer find) at a later period. There were no Aptelas among these.
One was Oligia exesa, which I recog-
nized in my collection and which, with
the other American species, we may
have to refer to Monocles, as they are
probably not congeneric with the type
of Oligia, the European 0. strigilts.
From what M. Guen4e told me, it is
clear that positive certainty as to the
species of Apatela cannot be obtained
until the types are examined which are
now with M. Oberthtk. These types
~ ~
must be compared with the named ex-
amplcs or types in the British Museum,
and, above all, with Guenbe's probably
sufficient, yet somewhat scanty descrip- tions in this genus. The decision as to
these species cannot rest alone on Mr.
Butler's comparisons of the named
examples in coil. Brit. Mus. From
these named examples Butler and Smith
refer clarescens as a synonym of hama-
melis, leaving my clarescens without a




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