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Psyche 7:323-327, 1894.

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Psyche, Vol. 7, 1896.
Plate 7.
. .- . .
MORSE.- NOTES
ACRID. N. E., 11.-TRYXALINAE.




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EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.
Fig. 6.
Pseudopumala brachy^tera 9, antenna.
6a. . , G . J , tip of abdomen from below. ' 6b. . 6
.. 9 , 6' '. 6.
' side,
A. T~yxails brevicornis f , antenna.
Aa. 6' f , tip of abdomen from below.
Ab. , ' & '
9 , 6. t, '.
side.
'& 7. Dichrumu~pha viridis 3, pronotun] I'rom above. ' 7a. 6' 6 8, .L section.
' 7h. t' ' f , " from side.
13.
CUnocephalus e/egans J , pronotum from above. . .
' Ba. J, '< ; section.
' 8. O~jJiula maczUipennis 9, pronotum from above. ' 8a. . . f, head from above.
8h. . . 9, tcpieii, discoiclal and ~ilnar areas. 6' 8c.
. . . . 9, head from side.
.' 8d.
. . ,. 9 , pronotuin from side.
' 8e.
. . . . 9, wing.
‰ 9. aeyz~cz2i.v 9. pronotum from above. ' a 9a.
if , head from above.
9b. , , ' 9 , tegmen, discoidal and ulnar areas. ' 9c.
. . 3, ii i L 6' i. it
-' 10. ' olivacea 9 , pronotum from above. 6.
lox.
. .
f , head from above.
. . I I. CkloeaUtS consftersa if, legmen. . ,
Iin.
"
9 , tip of abdomen from side.
Stenobothrus curti-pennis 9, head from above. Mecostethus lineatus 2 , disc of pronotum. 6 i ' J, tegmen.
6' 6 J , teeth of rasp.
., graci'lis J, " " "
å ´
jlatyfiierus 9 , disc of pronotum.
' , 6, f , intercalary venules.
,' 6 6 8, tip of abdomen from below.
a.u. v. = anterior ulnar vein.
mz. = metazona.
b. r. v. = branches of radial vein.
p. u. v. = posterior ulnar vein
d. a. = discoidal area.
pz. = prozona.
(1. v. = depression of vertex.
r. v. = radial vein.
f. = foveola.
sc. a. = scapular area.
i v. = intercalary vein.
sp. v. = spurious vein.
i. vl. = intercalary venules.
u. a. = ulnat- area.




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PSYCHE.
NOTES ON THE ACRTDIDAE OF NEW ENGLAND. - 11. TRYX- AL1NAE.- I.
BY ALBERT P. MORSE, WELLESLEY, MASS.
This subfamily is nearly related to
the Oedipodinae, the division between
them being somewhat arbitrary and
depending upon personal opinion. In
"New England there arc two distinct
gronps, one of typical Tryxalinne, the
other consisting' of a genus, Mccos-
tethus, closely approaching the Oedi-
po~linae, as shown especially in the
structure of the tegmina nnd stridulat-
ing apparatus, but also in the form of
the vei tex and pronoturn.
With a single exception, in every
member of the subfamily here treated
the male is provided with a striiiulating apparatus for producing sounds serving
to attract the other sex. These sounds
:we procl~icccl while the insect is at rest by riibbing the hind femora against the
tegrnina. the sound being clue to the
vibration of the tegniina c:insed by the diction of a row of fine teeth against an opposing surface. The teeth are usu-
ally borne on the internal ridge of the
femur, but in Mecosteth~~s the inter-
calary vein of the tegmen, and some-
times its adjoining venules, bears the
rasping surface, tlie ridge of the femur being smooth. In this connection it
should be said that several Ocdipodinae
w\'e this vein more or less roiighened
or even distinctly toothed, especially
Enco'ptolofoJzzts sordidus, and stridulate at rest as well as during flight, as I
have observed the above-mentioned
species and Circotettix vemictilafz~s
to do. This sound-producing sppsira-
tus varies specifically, and each kind of locust doubtless has its distinctive note which is appreciated by particular eai s. The notes are also varied in some
degree at the will of the performer.
Surrounded by them on every side, for
some are among the con~monest uf
insects, how few there are who ever
give a second thought to these little
serenaders in the grass! Here is 21.
wide and extremely interesting field
awaiting observers which has hitherto
been cultivated almost alone by Mr.
Scnclder, who has published a note-
worthy paper upon the subject in tlie
23rd Report of the Entomological Soci-
ety of Ontario, references to which will. be found under several of our species'.
Of this subfamily ten species are
known to occur in New England, and
1 have treated here two additional ones
wliich have been taken by Beutenmiiller
on Long Island in the near vicinity of
New York and which will probably lie
found in Conn. Of the ten two were




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334 P.5 2Tkf^. (January 1896.
described by Harris in his Report, and
seven by Scuclder in his Materials. So
variable are some of these species in
color and structure that it is not sur-
prising tliat several additional names
were applied to fonns which further
study lias shown to be one species.
Some doubt still remains as to tlie
proper specific names to be borne by
certain species, but
since nothing less
than a study of the fauna of the localities from which the types were procured
and a comparison when possible with
the types will finally settle the specific terminology, such a course involving
an amount of research impracticable at
present, I have retained the currenl.
names.
It was to be expected, as it lias
proved, that c!imges would be required
in the generic appellations hitherto
borne by severd of our species. Thanks
to the masterly Revision of Brunner
von Wattenwyl (Roy. d. syst. A. orth.,
A n n . d. MLIS. civ. cl. Gcnova, ser.
za, vol. xiii, 1893) the American stii-
dent of orthoptera can now align
his work more closely in this respect
with tliat of European contemporaries.
Nevertheless, in applying to the Amer-
ican fauna the generic diagnoses therein set forth mi-icli caution is necessary,
owing partly to the extreme brevity of
c11aracterization, and partly because
forms will he met with either unknown
to that author, unknown to occur in
this hemisphere, or for some reason not
included. The substitutions are : Or-
ph7,Za, for three species usually spoken of as Stenobothrus ; and Mecostethus,
for those hitherto called Arcyptera or
Stethophyma. Tn addition, it has
seemed necessary to establish new
genera for those forms con~monly
known as Opomala irachyptera and
Chloealtis (or Chrysochrao~~) viridi.7,
and one less known species.
In addi~ion to most of the works
listed in Part I of these Notes, Com-
stock's Introduction, Smith's Orth. of
Maine and Orth. of Conn. (full titles
may be found in my Preliminary List,
- Psyche, '94, pp. 102-log), and
Bcuten~niiller's Ortll. of New York
(Bull. Ainer. mils. nat. hist., vi,
2 53-276, '94) are cited.
The technical terms used will need
no explanation to the student of orthop- teia and with the aid of the drawings
will be readily understood by others.
In this connection it [nay be of interest to state that the author has in contern- plation an Introduction to the Acridklae of a more popular character than these
Notes can of necessity lie.
Thc following paper is based upon
the material in my collection, and the
notes thereon, consisting of over 4000
specimens chicfly collected in persou,
and comprising examples of both sexes
and every form, reversional or di111cn'- phic, known to occur in New England.
I have also examined Mr. Sc~idder's
collection, which is of especial interest in containing the types of several spccics. Since the publication of Part I con-
tinued study of the genus Tettigidm
indicates the specific identity of our two forms and their distinctness from T.
Zateid/.s and folynzo~pfza (see Journ.
N. Y. ent. soc., Sept., '95). Conse-
quently our species must receive




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January 18~6.1 Ps 1THR. 325
Harris' name $a?-z~//emzis, which was In conclusion I desire to express my applied to the short-winged form, and great obligation to Mr. Scudder for the I have proposed fermata to distinguish opportunity so freely afforded for ex- the long-winged form. The elimina-
amining his collection and for aid ren-
tion of one species causes the first of
dered in consulting the literature of the the present group to be numbered 6.
group.
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES AND TRr^AL/N^E
a. Pronoturn covering all or nearly all of the abdomen; piilvilli absent from between the tarsal claws. . TETTIGINAK.
aa. Pronoturn normal, not covering the abdomen ; pulvilli present. 6. Prosternum not spined,-flat, convex, or at most with an obtuse tubercle. c. Hind margin of pronotum not or but little produced,-truncate, convex, or very obtusely angulate. Face usually retreating, and angulate at meeting with vertex. . TRYXALINAE. cc. Hind margin of pronotuin strongly produced,- acute, right-angled, ~ -
or nearly so.
Face usually nearly or quite vertical, and rounded at meeting with vertex. . OEDIPODINAE.
6b. Prosternnin with a prominent conical or cylindrical spine projecting ventracl to the level of the distal end of coxa. ACRIDIXAE. I. Antennae distinctly ensiform.
(Figs. 6, A,)
2. Prostern~un obtusely tuberculate. 3 with rasp on inside of hind femora, iind terminal segment of abdomen twice as long as wide (Fig. 6a) ; 9 with ovipositor short, bearing a stout tooth on external margin of each valve (Fig. 6b). Wings and tegmina usually abbreviated. (Gen. 5, Pseud@omala, gen. nov.) . . Sp. 6, Ps. hachvptera, 2 Prosternum not tuberculate. f without rasp and terminal segment shorter (Fig. Aa) ; ? with ovipositor long, distinctly exserted, and
without teeth as above (Fig. Ab). Wings and tegmina fully developed. Tryxal-is l>revicor?zis.]
11. Antennae linear.
3. Tegn~ina without well-developed intercalary vein. (Cf. Figs. 8b, 133.)
4 Foveolae not visible from above,- often shallow or wanting. 5. Antennae short, about equal to head plus pronotum. Tegmina with scapular area not dilated. Wings functional (though some- times quite small), provided with opaque thickening on veins of front margin at apical third (Fig. Se), in J a coarsely and regularly reticulated space behind it.




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326 PSYCHE. [January ,896.
6. Sides of pronotum elongate, the length on dorsal margin greater than the depth (Fig. 7b). Lateral carinae nearly or quite parallel and disc unicoloro~is (Figs. 7, B). Foveolae absent.
7. Sides of pronotum nearly vertical, flat above, meeting disc at nearly a right angle ; lateral carinae parallel throughout (Figs. 7, 7a). (Gen. 6, Dichromorpha, gen. uov.). Sp. 7, D. viridis. [7'. Sides of pronotum convex above ; carinae slightly divergent on inetazonct (Figs. B, Ba) . ( CZinocephaZus, gen. nov.) C. elegans sp. nov.]
61. Sides of pronot~ini not elongate (Fig. Sd). Lateral carinae more
or less divergent before and behind, and disc usually parti-colored on metazona (Figs. 8, 9, 10). Foveolae usually present on front margin of vertex (Fig. 8c). . (Gen. 7, O~$huia.) 8. Vertex of hear1 about rectangular, or a little acute in 3 ; a little narrowed between eyes; its central depression removed from apex one-third ( 3 ) to one-fourth ( $! ) the width of the vei tex ; foveolae distinct, narrowly triangular. Lateral carinae of pro- notum strongly incurvcd, and the distance between them at hind margin much greater than at front margin. Proxona anJ
metazona (Fig. 7) about equal on midline. Tegniina passing hind femora ; apex scarcely tapering, sides sub-parallel ; ulnar area in J usually closely reticulated (sometimes with spurious vein), but little wider than discoidal area ; 9 with ulnar and discoidal areas of equal width, the anterior ulnar vein parallel to radial and the ulnar area divided by a long spurious vein. Apex of wings usually with well-developed sp~irious veins between branches ofradial vein. (Figs. 8-Se) . Sp. 8, 0. maculipennis. S1. Vertex of head blunt, rounded, obtuse ( 9 ), or rectangular ( 3 ) ; scarcely narrowed between eyes; its central depression close to apex ; foveolae shallow, triangular, scarcely discernible. Lat- oral carinae of pronotum little included, the distance between them but little greater at hind than at front margin, especially in 9. Prozona longer than uictaxona. Tegmina about reach- ing end of hind femora, often shorter, sometimes longer, taper- ing toward apex; ulnar area in f coarsely, often regularly, reticulated, the anterior ulnas vein strongly approximated to the radial ; in 9 usually slightly but distinctly nearer the radial, the widest part of the ulnar area wider than the discoidal area, spurious vein poorly developed or absent. Apex of wings rarely with spurious veins between the branches of radial. (Figs. 9-90.) . . Sp. 9, 0. aepaZis.




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January 18q6.1 PSYCHE. 327
P. Vertex of head acute, the sides often concave in J', distinctly narrowed between eyes, the central depression far removed from apex (at least one-half the width of the apex in 8, some- what less in 9 ) ; foveolac distinct bill rather sl~allow. narrowly triangular. Lateral carinae little incurvcd but the distance between them much greater at hind than at front margin. Proxona longer than metazona. Tegn~ina passing hind femora, tapering toward apex ; uhiar area in 3 expanded distally, much wider than the discoidal and rather closely reticulated, the anterior nlniir vein strongly approximated to radial ; in 9 the anterior ulnar vein sub-parallel or somewhat nearer the radial, the nlnar area wider than the discoidal, but the spurious longi- tudinal vein less developed than in maczd'ipemzis. Apex of wings rarely with well-developed spurious veins. (figs. 10, 1021). . . Sp. 10, 0. ozivacea.
51. Antennae long, depressed, of 8 twice, of 9 one-and-a-half times as long as head plus 111-onofcum. Wings abortive, or very rarely functional and in that case lacking opaque spot 011 costal margin. rf
with lateral lobes of pronoturn shining black anil distal part of scapular arcit of tegm'ma dilated (Fig. 1 I) ; 9 with oviposi~or short, little exserlcd, the upper valves enlarged and strongly toothed at base (Fig. I ia) .
(Gcn. 8, ChZoealtis.)
Sp. I I, Ch. co?zspersa.
4'. Foveolae visible from above as deep, linear impressions (Fig. 12). (Gen. 9, Stenobothrus.) . . So. 12, S. cz.trt+~znis. 3'. Teginina with well-developed, elevated, intercalary vein (Figs. 1321, ]^a). (Gen. 10, Mecosteth7.s.)
9. Lateral carinae of pronotuin distinctly divergent behind. Prozona
shorter than metazona.
Anterior distal intercalary venules (espe- cially in rf ) oblique (Fig. 13a). Sternum 9 of 8 not black meclially. 10. Scapular area of tegmina with a conspicuous pale streak at base. Intercalary vein of J' with low, dull teeth (Fig. 13b). Sp. 13, M. lineatus.
lo1. Tegmina without pale streak as above. Intercalary vein of J'
with high, aci~te teeth (Fig. 14).
. Sp. 14, M. grncilis.
9'. Lateral carinae of ptonotun~ sub-parallel. Prozona and metazona
of equal length. Scapular area of tegmina without pale streak. Anterior distal intercalary venules nearly transverse. Sternum 9 of $ black on mid-line. (Figs. I j-ijb.) Sp. 1 j, M. $iatypfems.




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