Article beginning on page 259.
Psyche 7:259-260, 1894.

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LIFE HISTORY OF CLISIOCAMPA PLUVIALIS DYAR. BY TIARRISON G. DYAR, A. M., xEIV YORK.
C. PLUVIAL1S DYAK. tion in the Astoria larvae. He says issÌÔ Stretch, Pupilio, iii, 30 (as larva that they varied by the expansion or
no. 1).
contraction of the dorsal orange iriark- 1893 - Dyar, Can. entom., xxv, 42.
ings, and in the latter case the blue
I have been enabled to complete the
became strikingly visible. This is a
life l1istory of this species t13rough greater range of variation than I have the kindness of Prof. 0. B. Johnson of happened to observe in any one locality, Seattle, and Prof. C.
V. Piper of Pull- but the speciinens sent me by Mr. Piper man, Washington.
have the orange considerably reduced.
Both of these gentlemen have
sent me eggs and examples of
the moth.
C. $luvialis occurs through-
out the Pacific Northwest where
it represents f?~~gi/is. [ have
found the nests at Victoria,
B. C. on Vancouver Island, at
Tacoma and Seattle in Wash-
ington, and Portland, Oregon.
It is recorded from Astoria,
Oregon by Mr. R. 1.1. Stretch,
and sent me by Mr. Piper from
Pullman, Wasliington.
The fully marked larvae look strik-
Segments of stage i, x 35.
ingly different froin frag-ilis, yet the I suspect that as we go East the orange
two are exactly alike in pattern, and
marks will tend to be supplanted by
whereas in fluvialis the orange marks
the blue, and this species will grade
are greatly developed and the blue into frayilis. However, I have yet to reduced, in fragilis the orange is see lai-viie which are not definitely one reduced almost to obliteration and the or the other, and the moths seem not to blue greatly extended. Mr. Stretch pass into each other, though the Idaho has noted a considerable range of varia- region is still to be explored.



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260 F'S ?'TflE. [July ~895.
Eggs.
The eggs are as usual in the genus.
The ring-like masses are large, quite prom- inent and well covered v;ith the us~~al frothy varnish. They appear to be deposited around the smaller twigs.
First stage. Entirely black with long pale hairs. finely barbed. Under a half inch ob- jective small luteous subdorsal patches up- pear on the posterior margin of each seg- ment, except at the extremities. Head black, not shining, width 0.4 mm. As the stage
advances, the subdorsal patches become more distinct, especially on joints 5-10. They are triangular in shape, the base directed pos- teriorly. Subventrtil region pale. The
arrangement of the warts is shown in the accompanying figure * magnified thirty-five diameters.
Second stage. Head dull black, width
about 0.6 mm. Body black, the subdorsal
orange patches as before or larger, but not extending cephalad of the large black wart i. Orange lateral and substigmatal lines now appear and slight traces of a subventral line, but all obscure and obsolete at both extrem- ities. The subdorsal patches vary in width and may even reach the lateral line. Hairs faintly reddish, a little'paler ~~ibventrally. Wart iv and the secondary one before the spiracle conspicuous; .secondary hairs also present, but small.
Thirdsfaye. Head round, black, not shin- ing; width 1.0-1.3 mm. Body black, marked as before, but the orange marks are greatly extended, the subdorsal patches reach the front part of the segment, or arc divided into two by wart i; lateral lines broadened and diffused, so that most of the side is covered by orange mottlings. A scries of narrow, elliptical, segmentary, dorsal, blue patches. Hair reddihh.
Fourth stags.
Head round, black, hair?:
width 1.6-1.8 mm. The dorsal blue spots
form a broken line, on each sideof which are the two orange spots on each hegment, the posterior one large and irregularly triall- gular. A difuse and mottled pale orange
lateral line and many irregular orange molt- lings, laterally and subventrally. The sub- dorsal blue dots now appear, but small, two on each segment situated above the lateral line.
F+/h sfage. As in the next stage. Width
of head 2.2-2.6 rnm.
Sixth stage. Width of head ^.21nn>, I
have already described this stage. (Can. ent xxv, 43.) It will be noticed that the evolution of the markings of C. $luuiaZis is very direct. The original pattern is outlined when the larva hatches and is merely in- creased and supplemented by the small blue marks as development proceeds. This is to be contrasted with the evolution of fragilis (Psyche vii, 189). C. fmgilis starts with the same pattern as piuvksli's, but in the third stage the course of dcvclopment is abruptly changed, the orange is reduced and the supplementary blue marks afterwdrd pre- dominate. C. $Zuvialis seems to be ttie
most generalized of our Clisiocarnpa larvae in respect to its markings.
Cocoon and pupa as usual in the genus.
The pupa is cylindrical, the thorax and cases small, the abdomen large centmlly, the last segment pointed, but blunt and without
cremaster. Color black, hardly shining,
covered sparsely with reddish pile except on the cases.
*In Journal N. V. em, soc, iii, 21, I described Hie setae in stage i of the genus Clisiocampa, using my notes on fragilis. My description is quite erroneous, as the figure shows, as my magnification was insufficient at that time. My description should be replaced by the figure. It will be noted that the arrangement beautifully corroborates the points which 1 was trying to establish. The series of hairs along the anterior edge of the tibdoininal segments arc secoidary, and the primitive first stags is wanting. Food plants.
Alder (Ainus) , apple
and Craiaegusand also clicrry, currant,
bramble and rose, according to Stretch.
The nests are not large, but compact.
One measured was 130 mm. long and
90 mm. broad at the top.




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