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Psyche 7:163-166, 1894.

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November 1Sw.1
(Continued from ĺ´pag 154.)
Males are more numerous, or at least
more are captured, than females, prob-
ably being readier to take wing and in
ionsequence falling into the net in
sweeping. The species prefers sedgy
meadow-lands and swales on sandy
soil occasionally flooded by rains or
freshets and perpetually moist. The
bulk of my specimens were taken on a
boggy swamp which had been filled in
with sand, and on which water stood
more or less of the time.
3. PARATETTIX Bol.
Pa~atettix Bolivar 1887. Essai,-Ann.
SOC. ent. Belg., xxxi, 195, 170.
4. Paratettix cucullatus Burm. Figs. 4, 4a. Tetrix ciicullafa Burm., 1838. Handb. d. at., ii, 658.
Tettix cucullata Burm. Scudder, 475.
'< Scudd. Thomas, 185.
cucullatus " Fernald, 47.
'4 Burm. Bolivar, 259, 266.
" Morse, 54,107.
This species was unknown to Bolivar
who left it in Tettix, being misled
perhaps by Scudder's statement that it
most resembles T. franulatus and
failing to appreciate properly the charac- ters given in Scudder's description,
which he quotes. It belongs, without
doubt, as shown by the structure of the
vertex and spiculate character of pulvilli of proximal joint of hind tarsi, in
Bolivar's genus Paratettix and seems
to be fairly well described under the
name of P. mexicanus Sauss.
Descriptidfz, etc.-It is easily recognized by the form of the vertex [Figs. 4, 4aj.
From
above this appears about equal in width to one of the large and prominent eyes, and does not project in advance of them; its front margin is slightly hollowed, the con- cavity being divided by the mid-carina which '
projects a little.
In profile the frontal costa
is slightly sinuate opposite the eyes and strongly protuberant opposite the antennae. The crown of the head is channeled long- itudinally on either side of the mid-carina, the sulci being stopped abruptly opposite the hinder portion of the eyes by a pair of
transverse, sometimes slightly oblique,
ridges. This character is found in several species of this genus and in this species appears at a very early stage, showing dis- tinctly in specimens 3 mm. in length. The body is less compressed than in the preceding species, being, in truth, depressed rather than compressed. The pronotum is advanced
upon the head to the eyes, and the median carina is obsolete on the anterior portion; the posterior process extends 2-3 mm. beyond the hind femora, exceeded by the wings, and is very constant in proportions.
Measurements of New England specimens
are as follows :-
Total length. Pron. Pro%.> Hind fern. Wings> Pron. ,} 11. -13.5 9.5-11. 2. -2.5 .s-I.s
9 13.5-15.5 11. -13. 2.5-3. I. -2.
In color and ornamentation it is one
of the least variable of our species,
resembling closely its surroundings in
tint and texture, varying from mottled
yellowish-gray almost to dull black.
Habits, etc.-In distribution it
appears to be somewhat southern, and
very local. It prefers the immediate
margin of lakes and streams, often
alighting on the water when disturbed,
and swimming welt. I have taken it in




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164 PSYCHE. [November 1894.
but three localities in New England,
but it probably occurs over the whole
of Connecticut and in central Massa-
chusetts. A nymph in Mr. Scudder's
collection is labeled "Vicinity of
Boston."
My specimens are from Connecticut
as follows :--
Canaan, Aug. 18, I $2.
Thompson, July 13, 6 3, 3 Q , scarce.
Aug. 4-9, 7 $ , very scarce.
New Haven, Aug 29, abundant; males,
females and young in several stages, some scarcely more than 2 mm. in length being secured.
The Thompson and Canaan speci-
mens were found on the sandy mud of a
lake-shore, and were yellowish-gray ;
the others on the margin of a little
stream strewn with fragments of black-
ened wood and other waste and were
very dark.
I have taken it at Ithaca, N. Y., also,
where it is common along the stony
margins of the creeks and exactly
matches in tint the fragments of slate-
gray shale on which it delights to sun
itself, becoming in consequence, almost
invisible on alighting.
It is one of the most active and alert
of our species, taking wing readily and
flying several feet, or even a rod or
more. It is readily captured, however,
by sweeping the net rapidly over its
haunts.
11. BATRACHIDEAE.
4. TETTIGIDEA Scudd. Fig. 5.
Tettigidea Scudder, 1862. Mater. monog.
Orth. N. A.,-Boston journ. nat. hist., vii, 476.
5. Tettigidea lateralis Say.
Acrydiz~m laterale Say, 1824.
Anier. ent.,
i, PI. 5.
Acrydium laterale Say.
Ent. N. A., Lee.
ed., i, 10, 1859.
Tetrix lateralis Harris, 187.
Tettigidea late.ralis Say. Scudder, 477. 6 6 L L Scudd. Thomas, 187.
{. L " Say. Fernald, 48.
L {. ' Scudd. Bolivar, 29.5,
298.
Tettwea lateralis Say.
Morse, 54, 107.
Measurements.
Tetrix $olymorfha Burmeister, 1838.
Handbuch ii, 659.
Tet~ix $czrvz~ennis. Harris, 187.
Tettigiden $olymorpha Burm. Scudder.
47 7-
Tettigidea $oly~~zorpha Scudd. Thomas,
I 88.
TettigicIe(~ ĺ´poZymorfh Burin. Fernald, 48.
Tettigidea ĺ´polymo~$h Burm. Bolivar.
295 1 297-
Tettigidea ĺ´poZymor$A Burm. Morse, 54,
107.
Measurements.
Total length. Pm. Pro%.-> Hind fern. Wings -c.Pron. rf 8.4-11.5 8. -11, -I.-+ .j 1-3-3-5
? 11.5-14. 10.4-13. -I.- +I. I. -3.5
The two New England members of
this genus are readily distinguished
from our other Tettiginae by the
presence of twenty-two joints in the
antennae (instead of I 2-14), and by the shape of the crown of the head, which
has a lobe on each side encroaching
upon the dorsal portion of the eye.




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November 1894.1 PSYCHE. 165
The two forms differ only in the
degree of development (or abortion) of
wings and pronotum and for this reason
are believed by some to be forms of one
dimorphic species. For this reason I
here treat them together.
LateraZis is distinguished from j4oly-
moQha by the presence of fully devel-
oped wings and usually by a soinewhitt
longer pronotum. The variation in
these structures and their relative pro- portions with regard to other parts of
the body and to each other will be best
observed in the measurements here
given. I have one specimen, a 8,
in which the pronotum does not pass
the hind femora but the wings extend
2.5 mm. beyond it, thus being inter-
mediate in character between the two
forms. This specimen may be regarded
as either a lateralis with unusually
short pronotum, or a reversional poly-
mof-$ha,-I am disposed to think that
the former view is the more correct in
this case, for the reason that the prono- turn is of very variable length in both
forms, and its apex is frequently twisted or distorted in one way or another,
while the wings seem to be relatively
quite constant in length.
While I am by no means convinced
that lateralis + Zate~aZis will not pro- duce j4olyrnorpha, or polymorpka +
$oZymorpha will not produce lateralis
(i. e., that the two forms are not one
species) I have given each specific rank here for the reason that, whether they
are distinct species or dimorphic forms
of one, both names will be retained, as
they properly should be, to distinguish
them. And as they have hitherto been
observed to mate true they may best be
regarded for the present as incipient
species.
The reasons pro and con may be
summed up as follows, structural char-
acters only being considered :-
~st, in favor of specific distinctness-
They have been observed many times
to mate true and not cross with each
other.
Intermediate specimens are very
scarce.
Both forms are tolerably common.
znd, in favor of dimorphism-
Cases of reversion are common in
other species of the family, with or
without intermediate forms.
Cases of dimorphism are very com-
mon in other species of the family.
Variations in length of tegmina and
wings are usually of little or no impor- tance in other members of the family.
Variations in length of pronotum in
tliis subfamily correspond to variations in length of tegmina in others.
Cases of reversion occur in this sub-
family.
Cases of dimorphism occur in this
subfamily.
In such cases the wings are usually
shortest proportionally in specimens
with the shortest pi-onota and vice
versa.
Intermediate forms occur, having
pronotum of one form and wings of
the other.
Similar forms occur in other species
of the genus.
In the short-winged form the end of
the fronoturn is especially subject to
distortions q f one sort or another.
f




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166 PSYCHE. [November 1%.
Specimens illustrative of the preced-
ing statements have been examined in
the preparation of this paper and with
but one exception occur in my collec-
tion.
Bolivar makes use of the markings
of the tegmimi in his key to the species of this genus. Our forms usually have
a white or flavescent spot near the apex of the tegmen, but in dry cabinet
specimens this is not invariably present, either in lateralis or poIymor/ha.
Habits, etc.-Our members of this
genus agree in habits with the species
of Tettix, preferring moist, grassy and
sedgy meadows, particularly on rather
light soil. I have taken them in such
situations in company with Tettix
granulatus and T. ornatus, and even
along roadside gutters on springy land,
where the ground was moist and sandy.
In New England $oZymorfha is about
three times as common as lateralis.
The sexes seem to be taken in about
equal numbers except that where plenti-
ful I have secured about twice as many
(t; as Q folymorfha.
Both forms probably occur through-
out New England. I have specimens
of $oZymoq5ha from Fryeburg and
Norway, Me., Hanover and Keene,
N. H. (C. M. Weed), Jackson, N. H.,
Brattleboro, Vt. (Mrs. J. B. Powers),
Hartland, Vt. (C. M. Weed), Newport,
Vt., Beverly, Wellesley and several
towns in its vicinity, and Winchendon,
Mass. (Also from Adams, but the
specimen was afterward lost.) Canaan,
North Haven, So. Kent, 'Stamford, and
Thompson, Corm. The lateralis form
I have from Fryeburg, Me., Hanover,
N. H. (C. M. Weed), Jay, Newport,
and Stowe, Vt., Wellesley and Win-
chedon, Mass., and Block Id., R. I.
Both forms were common in a meadow
in Fryeburg. Me., on Aug 20, and I
secured about 30 lateralis, 60 polymor-
pha and 20 young in a couple of hours.
The young varied much in size, some
being but one-quarter grown, others in
the last stage. Two years later at the
same time of the month I found the
young rather more common than the
adults, in several localities in Conn.
Both forms. though widely spread,
are rarely found in considerable num-
bers. I have seldom taken over half a
dozen at a time. They seem to be
more plentiful in the central states than in New England.
I have found drag-
ging or sweeping the net closely over
the ground in the localities frequented
by them to be the most successful
method of capture.
The American naturalist (1894, pp.
483-487) contains an interesting account from the pen of Dr. J. L. Hancock, of
observations on migratory flights of
Za,?eraZis witnessed in Chicago, the
insects being attracted to the electric
lights in large numbers.
LIST.
TETTIGIAE.
I. Nomotettix.
I. cristatus Harr.
.o li ' type form.
. I " carinatus Scudd., var.




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November 1894.1
PSYCHE.
2. Tettix.
2. ornatus 'Say.
o typeform.
.I lL triangularis Scudd.
3. granulatus Kirby.
3. Paratettix.
4. cucullatus Burm.
BATRACHIDEAE.
4. Tettigidea.
5. lateralis Say.
6. polymorpha Burin.
[Tettix harrisii Packad,-Rep't. nat. hist. Maine, 1861, 375-376, is undescribed and consequently has no scientific standing.] Errata.-I regret to say that several
typographical errors in my "Preliminary
List of the Acrididae of N.E." (Psyche, 1894, pp. 102-108) need correction us follows : - Page 105, G. IS, should read "Scirtetica." ' 106,Sp.33, " L C "atlanis."
' C C G. 19, " " "Pezotettix."
" 108, col. I, line 4, ĺ´ "A~ypte~a."
POLYGAMY OF ACTIAS LUNA AND
CALLOSAMIA PROMETHEA.
On April 2gt11, 1894, a $ and $? A. Zzmcz emerged in my box, and on that night mated, remaining in coitu until after ten o'clock the next day. On April 30th, the $2 was put
into a box prepared for egg-laying, and a newly emerged $ was put into the cage with the $. That night, between ten and eleven they were found in cod% and so remained
until after ten o'clock the next day. Both females laid many eggs, and both sets of eggs gave larvae on May ~1st and 22nd. The f
was kept for several days, but, as no other 9 emerged, was then let out at the window and flew away almost as vigorously as a freshly emerged moth.
In 1893 a 9 C. +ornetha, in a cage by an open window, attracted about forty $ $
twenty of which were caught and put into the cage. At first they all flew up and down the netting, with great excitement and much
vibration of the wings, then six of them seized the abdomen of the 9 with their claspers, and struggled for possession, nor did the others lose their hold when one was success- ful. After fifteen minutes this rf was re- moved and put into another
cage, when a
second took his place almost immediately, and was left for twenty minutes, then was removed and put into the second cage. In less than ten minutes a third 8 had mated with the 9, was later removed, and a fourth took his place. This was repeated until
seven $ $ had mated with this one 9.
Meanwhile these $8 not caught were
flying- up and down the outside of the cage and finally dropped dead with exertion and excitement. They were kept two days to be sure that they would not revive.
So many $ $ were flying about the win-
dow that three cats spent an hour or more trying to catch them, and passers-by stopped to look.
When the seventh $ had been mated for
an hour he was removed, and the 9 taken
outdoors and put on a low branch of an ash tree. There she attracted all the tinmated $ $ and an eighth paired with her.
The
others flew about the tree, until dark, when observations ceased.
Eggs laid by this $? hatched in due time. As all accounts of "attraction" which I
have seen state that when the 9 is mated the $3 pay no further attention to her, it seems worth while to offer this experience, which was a surprise also. Caroline G. Sozde.
*y* The note in the last number of Psyche was written subsequently to this and intended as a supple- ment to it.




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