Article beginning on page 505.
Psyche 6:505-506, 1891.

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August 1893.1
Gall.-Average diameter, 15 to 25 mm;
length (on twig), about 20 to 30 mm.
Galls
luster-like, irregular in shape, sometimes, rounded, cocks-comb-like in appearance,
springing from the small stems which shoot out laterally from the twig or branch, or terminal portion of latter. Consisting of irreglar massed clusters of many aborted, deformed, greatly thickened and fleshy leaflets springing from the side stems ; surrounding the twig or branch but not attached thereto, dark scarlet-red in color on all surfaces ex- posed to the sun, the under side when not so exposed being annually greenish and always lighter than the upper or exposed portions. Inside portions green. External surface of the gall extremely irregular in outline, the fleshy leaflets arranged in irregular cocks- comb-like groups more or less pointed api- cally, the groups of leaflets longitudinally creased, appearing as though formed of many little columns set side by side and soldered together, much resembling groups of certain columnar crystals.
Described from 3 or 4 galls. The fleshy
groups of leaflets contain irregular cavities within them. These, when opened the fol- lowing spring, revealed only small pale
brownish bodies attached to the walls inside. I am unable to suggest the order of insects to which the maker of this gall belongs. It may possibly be an acarid -perhaps a phy- toptid.
TARDY WING-EXPANSION IN CALLOSAMIA.-
A few days ago I found, in Kensington,
N. H., a small wild-cherry tree hung with cocoons of Callosamia Promethea to the
number of seventy-five at least. On some twigs six or seven hung close together, all unusually large and light-colored. I cut off over thirty of them, and on June 12th I
opened them, finding all good but one, in which the pupa had failed to cast the larva- skin, and so had died. One cocoon con-
tained a ? on the point of emerging, the pupa-skin being broken in several places. I took out the half-emerged moth, removed the ragged pupa-skin, and the moth crawled to the top of my cage, and hung there, un- developed, all day and all night. This
morning, June 13th at nine o'clock, its wings were still undeveloped, and I supposed it had been stunted by the unusual mode of emer- gence. At ten o'clock, however, the wings. had expanded to nearly full size, and in half an hour more the moth was a fine specimen, .
fully developed, and unusually large !
I have never known the wings to expand
so many hours after the moth had emerged. Caroline G. Soule.
Brookline, Mass.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. - Insect parasi-
tism is admirably and suggestively treated in Pres. Riley's address to the Entomologi- cal society of Washington, just printed in its proceedings. It is worthy of the closest attention as a broad outline of the subject; by the introduction of fuller illustrative de- tails it could easily be expanded into a 701- ume and be a very welcome addition to our literature.
In the last part of the transactions of the Entomological society of London, Dr. David Sharp shows that ants stridulate by means of fine transverse lines on the middle of the dorsum of the third abdominal segment
where it is rubbed by the edge of the pre- ceding segment; these organs are usually present in the Ponerides and Myrmicides, but appear to be absent from the Campono- tides and Dolichoderides.
A. D. Hopkins prints in Bull. 31 of the
West Virginia experiment station an inter- esting Catalogue of West Virginia Scotyti- dae and their enemies.
Wytsam of Bruxelles announces a new
issue of Hubner's Sammlung exotischer
schmetterlinge and Zutrage, 664 quarto plates in all, the plates copied by heliogravure and colored by hand; the original and the latest nomenclature will be added. It will appear in 60 equal parts and be sold for 500 francs, payable by parts.




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506 PSYCHE. [August 1893.
The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England.
By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER.
Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. 1958 Pages of Text.
Vol. I. Introduction ; Nymphalidae.
Vol. 2.
Remaining Families of Butterflies.
Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index.
The set, 3 vols., royal 8v0, half levant, $7.5.00 net. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.,
4 Park St., Boston, Mass.
Scudder's Brief Guide to the Com-
moner Butterflies.
By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, author of "But-
terflies of the Eastern United States and Canada," etc. xi + 206 pp. 12mo. $1.25.
An introduction, for the young student, to the names and something of the relationship and lives of our commoner butterflies. The author has selected for treatment the butter- flies, less than one hundred in number, which would be almost surely met with by an in- dustrious collector in a course of a year's or two year's work in our Northern States east of the Great Plains, and in Canada. While all the apparatus necessary to identify these butterflies, in their earlier as well as perfect stage, is supplied, it is far from the author's purpose to treat them as if they were so many mere postage-stamps to be classified and ar- ranged in a cabinet. He has accordingly
added to the descriptions of the different spe- cies, their most obvious stages, some of the curious facts concerning their periodicity and their habits of life. A short introduction to the study of butterflies in general is prefixed to the work, and is followed by a brief account of the principal literature of the subject. Scudder's The Life of a Butterfly.
A Chapter in Natural History for
the General Reader.
By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. 186 pp. 16mo.
$1 .oo.
In this book the author has tried to present in untechnical language the story of the life of one of our most conspicuous American
butterflies. At the same time, by introduc- ing into the account of its anatomy, devel- opment, distribution, enemies, and seasonal changes some comparisons with the more or less dissimilar structure and life of other but- terflies, and particularly of our native forms, he has endeavored to give, in some fashion and in brief space, a general account of the lives of the whole tribe. By using a single butterfly as a special text, one may discourse at pleasure of many ; and in the limited field which our native butterflies cover, this meth- od has a certain advantage from its simplicity and directness.
HENRY HOLT & CO.,
Publishers,
NEW YORK.
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New Vork. BANUFACTUEERS Ah'D IMPORTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send for List,



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