Article beginning on page 466.
Psyche 6:466-476, 1891.

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466 PSYCHE. [June 1893.
cus tuberculatus Beauv., hibernates as
a larva and reaches maturity about May
1st.
Dr. Cyrus H. Thomas in 1871 de-
scribed* a form of S. americana under
the name of Acridium ambiguum and
stated that in southern Illinois it always appears in small numbers in April or
May while americana never appears
earlier than the middle of July. In
another place? he says of amhigum:
'It is this variety which appears occa-
sionally to pass the winter in the perfect state." The specimens in my possession
may be his var. amb&uuin but as far
as I can see they do not differ either in structure or color from specimens of
the typical americana taken in this
vicinity in October.
McNeill says of S. ame~icana, that
its earliest recorded appearance at Rock Island, Illinois, is Sept. 20th ; while
Scudder records its capture at Fort
Reed and Jacksonville,Florida, on April
loth.$ This comprises all the infor-
mation at hand as to dates of appear-
ance at other places.
That the species is, to a certain ex-
tent, migratory is well known, numer-
ous instances of this habit having been
recorded by Riley,* Thomas, and other
writers ; but these migrations all oc-
curred in late summer or in autumn.
Its unexpected appearance here so
early in the season gives rise in my
mind to the following questions :Where,
if at any place, in the United States does it hibernate as imago? Is it double or
treble brooded in such a locality? At
what point southwest of Terre Haute,
Indiana, does it occur mature as early as April I zth in sufficient abundance that it could be blown in numbers and scat-
tered over the streets of this city? In
this locality it is evidently double
brooded, the first brood maturing in
June or July from eggs hatched in
spring, the other maturing in Septem-
ber or October.
HOSTS OF NORTH AMERICAN TACHINIDAE, ETC., I. 0
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. The following twenty-seven species Laboratory of Natural History at of tachinids, sarco~hagids, etc., were
Champaign.
all bred by Prof. S. A. Forbes, in Illi- I. Cistogaster immaculata Mcq.-
nois.
They were included in a large One bred from Leucania uni$un.cta. collection of Muscidae sent to me for
2. Ocy$twa eachenor Wlk. - One
determination from the Illinois State bred from "Acrididae." Also one * U. S. geol. surv. of Montana, 1871,447. t Psyche, VI, 73.
(smaller specimen) from Leucania
uni$uncta.
t ~inth Rep. st. ent Ill., 1880, 133.
5 Proc. Bost. soc. cat. hist., XIX, 86.
*First Rep, U. S. ent. comm., 449.




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June 1893.1 p>5'ZHE. 467
3. Exorista flycitae Le Baron.-
Two specimens bred from Acrobasis
in diginella.
4. Exorista h i d a 0. S. -One
from Botis $e&talis.
5. Bxorisfa ciliafa Twns. - Six
from Hemaris d~'ffinis. Two of the
specimens have the red on sides of ab-
domen much like 23. scudderz+, but are
apparently greased specimens of E.
ciliata.
6. Exorista trivittata v. d. W. ?-
One specimen, which may belong to this
species, but is too broad-headed to be a typical Exorista, was bred from A$a-
teZu oblinita.
7. Masicera archi$fivora Riley.-
Eleven specimens bred from Danais
archi'/us; and one from Clisiocampa
SP
8. Masicera schizurae Twns.-One
bred "from pupae of Euchaetes egZe.
Breeding cage, May 4, 1880" ; and one
' 'from larva ."
9. Masicera ~grita Twns. ?-Three
specimens, which I doubtfully identify as this species, were bred from Gortyna
nitela. Another specimen was bred
from Gortyna sp. They all differ
from the type in being less narrowed in
form.
10. Masicera eufitciliae Twns.-
Two specimens, a $ and a 9, which I
can hardly separate from the type of
this species from Colorado, were bred
from Hythantria' textor. The $ is-
sued July 30, and the Q July 3 I. They
seem to be hardly as robust as the type
and not quite so bristly, but otherwise
I cannot separate them. The 8 has
the sides of abdomen a little reddish,
but the Q shows none of this color.
The type specimen from Colo. is a 8,
and shows some reddish on sides of
abdomen. Another difference to be
noted is that the present bred pair shows the segments of the abdomen quite uni-
formly pollinose posteriorly as well as
anteriorly, while the type shows the
segments pollinose mainly at base, the
rest being quite shining.
I I. Nemoraea hy$Aantriae Twns.
MSS.-Two bred from Hy$Aantria
textor.
12. Nemoraea niyricornis Twns.
MSS.-Three bred from Hy$hantria
I 3. Miltogramma aryentz f rons
Twns.-One bred from Leucmia uni-
$zmcta.
14. Mcrofalpus fulgens Meis.-
Two specimens bred from "cutworm."
15. Phorocera edwardsii Will.-
One bred from L6cutworms."
16. Phorncera comstocki Will.-
One from Botis 'penitalis', and one
from Lophyrus sp.
I 7. Prospherysa promiscua Twns.
-One bred "from pupae of 23ucIfaetes
egle.
Breeding cage, May 4, 1880."
I 8. PhasiocZista rnetallica Twns.-
One specimen (apical cell closed) bred
from Sj3henophorus$arvulus. Another
specimen, which does not differ except
that it has the apical cell open, was
bred from Leucania unifuncta.
19. Macpartia sp ?-One bred from
~coleopterous larvae."
20. Phrissopoda lamanensis R. D.
Myod. 335. (Peckia} ? - Desvoidy's
description agrees quite well, both in
size and color, with three $ specimens




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PSYCHE.
[ June 1893.
bred from Nephelodes miniam. Two
specimens show the whole face and
front, even the frontal stripe in some
lights, brassy golden ; while the other
one shows the facial depression and
frontal stripe blackish.
They might be
identified with Sarc. sarraceniae Riley, but for the fact that the description and figure of the latter show no bushy hairs on posterior tibiae.
This latter charac-
ter indicates the species as belonging to the genus Phrisso$oda.
It is doubtful
whether this is Desvoidy's species,
however.
21. Sarcophap'a Jzelicis Twns.-
Nine specimens bred from "Lachnos-
terna"; nine from Pieris ra$ae; and
two from Leucania uni$uncta.
22. Sarcofhaga oedifodinis Twns.
MSS.-Thirteen specimens, bred from
Heliofhila unipuncta ( ?), I cannot
actually separate from two specimens of
above species sent me by Mr. Scudder,
and bred from Dissosteira carolina
captured at Niagara Falls.
23. Sarco-phaga acridida rum Twns.
MSS.-One bred from 'LAcrididae."
24. Sarcofhaga sp. (^ .-Two from
Leucania uni$unc/a. The species
may be recognized by the following
brief description :
Length, 9-10 mm. Face, sides of face,
cheeks, and sides of front silvery whitish or cinereous; frontal stripe, antennae, palpi, and legs black; third antennal joint about twice as long as second.
Thorax cinereous,
with three black vittae, and a shorter one on each side ; abdomen marmorate with silvery, cinereous, and black, three blackish vittae showing moderately distinct in an oblique light ; anus fulvous. Marginal macrochaetae on third and fourth segments, less closely approximated on third segment. Femora
ashy below. Venation typical of genus.
One specimen, however, has the left apical cross vein bent in at an angle at base, and with a small stump projecting inward from the angle. Both are males, and the front is 4 width of head. Row of small bristles on sides of face below near eye margins well pronounced.
A much smaller $ specimen (6 mm.), also
bred from L. unipuncta, has the anus more broadly fulvous, the face with more of a brassy tinge, the front hardly as wide pro- portionally. It is perhaps distinct.
25. Sarcophaya sp.-One from Lezd-
cania unipuncta. It may be described
as follows :
Length, 5i mm. With much the facies of
Miltogramma, but arista plumose on basal half. Wholly of a slightly brassy cinereous. Antennae rufous on second joint and base of third, palpi rufous- Third antennal joint about 14 times as long as second. Front I width of head, frontal vitta 3 width of front. Frontal bristles descending a little below base of antennae, 3 or 4 orbital bristles, a double row of minute brbtles on sides of face extending upon sides of front. Vibrissae on oral margin. Thorax brassy cinereous, without distinct vittae. Scutellum with a long apical non-decussate pair of macro- chaetae. Abdomen concolorous, only short bristly, anus tipped with fulvous. Venation typical of Miltogramma (and Sarcophaga) . If this species is found to be undescribed, it may be known as S. leucaniae.
26. Ormia sp ? - A $ bred from
27. Lucilia caesar L. - Six bred
from Leucania uni$uncta.
Note.-I do not vouch for all of the above flies being true parasites. The hosts as given above are simply taken from the records of breeding sent me with the specimens by
Professor Forbes.




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June 1893.1 PSYCHE. 469
109. T. aZbiZinea, sp. nov. 3. Palpi,
front, collar, and thorax above dark brown. The abdomen plumbeous. Under side of
body plumbeous, legs concoloro~~s, tarsi ringed with whitish. Primaries dark fuscous with an obscure discal dot and a straight transverse narrow white line beyond the
middle of the wing, running from the costa to the inner margin. Secondaries pale
fuscous. Under side pale fuscous, lighter than the upper side of the secondaries.
2. The female like the male, save that
the antennae are very lightly pectinated and the expanse of the wings is greater. Ex- panse, $, 35 mm. ; ?, 43 mm.
110. T. nubilata, sp. nov. 3. Marked
like the preceding species, save that instead of a white line traversing the primaries there is a dark brown line, which reappears upon the under side.
Expanse, 35 mm.
111. T, albinotata, sp. nov. 3. Antennae testaceous with white spots at the base. Palpi, front, upper side of thorax, and abdo- men dark brown. Under side paler brown.
Primaries ferruginous clouded with fuscous transverse lines and marked with light bluish- white and white spots disposed in intricate patterns. There is a moderately large oval white dot on the cell beyond the base. Sec- ondaries fuscous with the fringes of both wings very pale brown broadly checked with dark brown. On the under side the wings are luteous clouded with fuliginous in the region of the cell in the primaries, and near the costal margin of the secondaries. Both
wings have large well-defined brown discal dots followed by incomplete transverse
median, and submarginal bands of dark
brown. Expanse, 47 mm.
112. T. fumosa, sp. nov. 9. Body and
appendages brownish-fuscous, darker above. Wings obscure brown, traversed by a basal, transverse median and submarginal line com- posed of lunulate spots.
There is a dark spot
at the end of the cell and a smaller one on the cell before the base. On the margin there is a series of brown spots margined internally by brown subhastate markings. Fringes pale brown broadly checked with dark brown,
The secondaries are fuscous. Fringes uni- formly concolorous. On the under side, the wing's are brownish-fuscous. The secondaries have at the end of the cell a large lunulate pale spot bordered by dark brown.
These are
also marked by an obscure transverse median band of brown. Expanse, 43 mm.
113. T.$aZZida, sp. nov.
$. Palpi, front
collar, tegulae pale greenish-brown. Abdo- men slightly darker above. Thorax and ab- domen inclining to whitish below. The legs whitish. The primaries are greenish-brown (quite pale), traversed by darker lines with a well defined reniforin spot at the end of the cell followed bya waved and angulated double ,
transverse median line. There is an obscure submarginal line and a marginal line which at the inner margin expand into the form of darker spots. The fringes are pale, checked with pale brown. The secondaries are uni- formly pale fawn with the fringes lighter, and without markings. On the under side, the wings are of the same color as the fringes of the secondaries, and the only markings are an obscure discal dot and an incomplete transverse median line on the primaries- The fringes below are as on the upper side. Expanse, 43 mm.
I 14. T. coerulezfascia, sp. nov. 9. Body dark brown, lighter below. The primaries are dark sooty-brown with some obscure trans- verse markings on the cell and the limbal area. There is a submarginal fascia of bluish- white scales extending from before the apex to the inner margin, most conspicuous and widest on the latter. There is a marginal) series of small bluish-white dots on the inter- spaces. The fringe is obscurely checkered-



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470 PSYCHE. [June 1893.
with pale brown at the end of the nervules. The secondaries are uniformly fuscous. On the under side, the wings are obscure fuscous with very obscure discal dots at the end of the cells followed by obscure and incomplete transverse median and submarginal lines
somewhat darker than the ground color.
Expanse, 40 mm.
ILEMA, Moore.
115. I. gonophora, sp. nov. 3. Antennae, body, and legs wood-brown. Upper side :
Primaries brown, darker on the cell and
costa, traversed by a broad transverse limbal line of dark brown, which runs from before the apex, at which point it is widest, to near the middle of the inner margin, whence it is continued inwardly parallel LO the inner margin as far as the base. It is defined inwardly by a narrow interrupted series of raised velvety scales, which are very dark brown in color. There is a dark ray of
brown raised scales at the base. On the outer margin near the outer angle are some dark brown cloudings accentuated with darker
minute patches of raised blackish scales, and a small subtriangular spot lying near the transverse limbal line. There is a marginal series of minute linear patches of raised scales. The fringes are pale brown checked with darker brown. The secondaries are
fuscous, darkest on the outer margins. The fringes are pale wood-brown.
Under side : Both wings are pale wood-
brown. Both are crossed by incomplete
transverse limbal lines. The primaries are heavily clouded with fuliginous on the cell and costa near the base. The secondaries have a distinct discal spot at the end of the cell and a few obscure submarginal spots. Expanse, 33 mm.
I 16. I. albibasalis, sp. nov.
$ . Antennae
and upper side of body dark brown; lower side of body and legs paler. Upper side : Primaries reddish-brown with a submarginal band of darker cloudings and a darkish ray of brown extending from before the base
below the cell outwardly to the end of the cell, where it is interrupted by an obscure annular mark of pale brown, aud is then con" tinued beyond the cell toward the costa' which it reaches about two-thirds of the distance from the base. At the base, there is an oval patch of chalky markings and a series of similar chalky-white markings at the apex. The fringes are pale brown checked with
darker brown. The secondaries are uni-
formly pale fuscous.
Under side : Primaries pale shining testa- ceous with the cell and the region of the median nervules uniformly clouded with pale fuliginous. There is an incomplete trans- verse limbal line running from before the apex to about the middle of the wing. The fringes are very dark brown checked by pale testaceous. The secondaries have the ground color as the primaries and a faint annulus at the end of the cell, beyond which are mod- erately broad parallel irregularly curved transverse median and transverse outer lines of pale fuliginous. 9. The female is marked much like the male, but the markings are not quite so distinct. Expanse, 3, 23 mm. ; 2 30 mm.
117. I- albos+argata, sp. nov. 3. Body
above pale reddish-brown : under side of body and legs lighter. Upper side: Primaries
dark brown with a blackish annulus at the end of the cell. A broad chalky-white band runs from the lower median nervule diagon- ally to the apex and is cut into at the end of the cell by the blackish annulus, and also by a dark brown spot lying on the costa before the apex. There are some obscure pale sub- marginal lines. The secondaries are uni- formly pale testaceous. Under side : The wings are marked very much as in the pre- ceding species, save that the white band of the primaries reappears on the under side beyond the end of the cell, where it is crossed by a transverse limbal line. Expanse, 25 mm.



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June 1893.1
PSYCHE.
118. I. a-picafa, sp nov. 3. Upper side
of body dark brown with the collar and
patagia pale brown; under side of the abdo- men pale luteons; legs pale brown annulated on the tarsi with dark brown. Upper side: Primaries dark brown with a whitish semi- lunate patch on the inner margin near the base. The apex is broadly whitish inter- rupted on the lower edge of this paler area by a dark brown cloud, which is a continuation of an obscure transverse submarginal line. There is a marginal series of minute whitish spots. The fringes are dark brown checked with paler brown. At the end of the cell is a minute blackish discal dot, margined with pale brown. The secondaries are uniformly pale fuliginous with the margins paler.
Under side : The ground color of both wings is very pale wood-brown with the cell and middle area of the primaries heavily clouded with fuliginous. There is a blackish discal dot at the end of the cell of both wings, aad both wings are crossed by paler and some- what obscure transverse median and trans- verse limbal lines, most distinct upon the secondaries. Expanse, 22 mm.
I 19. I- miserata, sp. nov. 3. Upper side of body dark brown with the patagia paler; under side of body paler Upper side : Prim- aries dark brown clouded with numerous
obscure transverse t'uliginous striae, the outermost forming a distinct zigzag submar- ginal series followed by a marginal line of minute linear patches of raised scales. The apical region is much paler, save where