Article beginning on page 438.
Psyche 6:438-439, 1891.

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PSYCHiTe
LIFE HISTORY OF ORGYIA GULOSA HY. EDW.
BY HAIXRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS.
[April 1893
According to my observations, the
larvae of this species have four or occa- sionally five stages for 8, and five for 5' moths. This corroborates the published
account of 0. ZeucosLigma by Prof.
Riley which I was not able to confirm
from New York specimens of that
species. Judging by analogy, therefore,
0. guZosa may elsewhere, or in different seasons have six stages for 3, and seven for 9 moths, as I have observed to be
the case in a11 other species of Orgyia
which I have yet reared. The young
larva of 0. gdosa may readily be dis-
ting~~ished from that of 0. caaa; but
not so with the n7atw-e larvae. In fact
the mature larvae of these two species
are hardly distinguish~~ble. The only
characters that will serve to separate
them are that 0. gdosa usually has
a lateral row of yellow spots which
are wanting in 0. camz and the warts of
row v (substig~natal) are brown in 0.
gdosa and sed in 0. cana. BLI~ these
characters may not always be constant.
ORGYI A GULOSA ~ y . ~dw.
1881 - Hy. Edw., Papilio, i, 64.
1881 -Bull., Ann. mag. nat. hist. (5) viii, 316.
1882 -Grote, Check list, p. 17, no. 439. 189-Packard, 5th rept. Uq S. ent. comm.
P. 134.
1891 -Smith, List lep., no. 1151.
1892- Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., i, 495:
Egg. -Almost spherical, smooth shining
white, with a faint brownish spot and ring at the top; diameter I mm. Laid in a mass on the cocoon of the female moth and covered with down from her body.
First Zavval stage. - Head round shining black; width 0.4 mm. [Probably was really 0.5 mm.
The measurement was not verified
as I lost the cast head case.1 Be+ pale
p~~rplish black, nearly white on the dorsum of joints 3 and 4 and yellow on joint 9; on joints 10 and I I, a large brick red dorsal spot, but no elevations to represent the retractile tubercles which are absent. Warts nornd, row i small, row iv represented by small pale dats. The subdorsal warts on joint 2 are large with swollen bases. Each wart bears several black hairs, longer from the sides and extremities.
Second stage. - Head blzck, a line above the mouth and basal joints of antennae white; width ,7 mm. Body black, dorsuin of joints 3 and 4 pale yellow, of joint 9 darker yellow; tips of abdominal feet pale orange. Subdor- sal warts on joint 2 large, but bearicg only ordinary hairs. On joints 3 and 4 a few pale hairs dorsally and on joints 5-7 a few black ones, converging over the dorsal line but not numerous enough to for113 tufts. Warts all black; retractile tubercles on joints 10 and 11 present, large, orange colored. Side hairs long, black, mixed with paler ones.
Tfiit-a! stage. -Head as before; width 1.2 mm. Body black laterally, the dorsum
broadly pale yellow, but transversely streaked with black at the middle of each segment. These bands become broader posteriorly till they cover most of the segment. The yellow is also replaced by black in the segmental incisures and broadly on joints 5-8. Warts blood red, not very bright, rows v and viand the anterior dorsal ones partly black. Re- tractile tubel-cles coral red ; cervical shield black. On joint 2 s~~bdorsally and on joint 12 dorsally arise pencils of black plumed hairs* about [ mm. long. On joint 5 a black *These hairs differ from the other haiw of Orxyia in that the minute branches or barbs, with which they are all furnished, are longer and crowded more closely together nearthe tips of these hairs, giving them the appearance of being plumed ai the end.




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dorsal brush-shaped tuft and on joints 6-8 white ones, which arise from the warts of row i and the upper part of row ii. The
white ones are less well developed than the black one. Other hair black and white,
yellowish dorsally on joints 3 and 4.
Fou~tA stage. -(All $2 and some 3 larvae.) Much as before ; width of head 1.8 mm.
The
brush tufts are larger than before but not full size and they are colored the same. The
warts of rows ii and iii are bright blood red, row v brown. (Row i and iv are so small as to be inconspi~~ou~.) The body is colored as before, but the yellow dorsal band is divided. by a black dorsal line and there is a broken lateral and substigmatal line. Abdominal feet reddish at tip.
(Most 8' larvae.) Differ in the greater
length of the hair pencils while the four brush tufts are large, nearly alike and all colored of a silvery gray, in some specimens blackish or even black on the crest, but white on the sides, in others nearly all white. In one ex- ample, the one on joint 5 was slightly darker than the others. The yellow marks are more reduced than in the $! larva, consisting of a subdorsal, lateral and substigmata1 row of irregular subquadrate spots. On completion of this stage the 8 larvae spin their cocoons. Fzj5tA stage. - (All 9 and a few 8 .) Head black, the labrun1 and bases of antennae pale yellow; width 1,7-3.0 mm, Body black! with the dorsum of joints 3 and 4 largely ochreous yellow except a black dorsal line, continued to joint 12 in a row of subdorsal yellow spots, irregularly elongated transversely and con- necting over the back posteriorly on the seg- ments ; similar lateral and substigmatal rows the latter most continuous. Hair pencils from joints 2 and 12, 2.5-4 mm. Iong, the one on joint 12 preceded by a tuft of shorter hairs. Brush tufts large, all uniform gray, in some darker on the crest, in others nearly white. The lateral region is irregularly tinged with ashy gray, largely so all over joint 13. Ab- dominal feet crimson. The warts are ar-
ranged as follows. On joint 2, rows i and ii minute on cervical shield, iii large, bearing the pencil, vi stigmatally; on joints 3 and 4 rows ii-vi, row iv being I-udiinentary, on joints 5 and 6 rows i-viii, row iv is rudimen- tary, behind the spiracles and rows vii and viii larger, on the venter; on joints 7-10, rows i-vi, row iv minute ; on joint I I like joint 5 ; on joint 12 rows i-v, vii and viii, row iv being minute and vi absent; on joint 13, 1-ows ii, iii, v, vii and viii. Warts i-iii are bright red, but row i is so small as hai-clly to be seen; row iv is reduced to whitish spots bearing a few very inconspicuous hairs and row IJ is brown, while row vi is whitish with minute black tubercles, but is inconspic~~ous on account of its subventral position, though the warts are large,
This is the last stage for $! larvae.
Cocoo~z. - Elliptical, thin but opaque, com- posed of silk and the larval hairs, one end being left partially open to facilitate the ejec- tion of the cast skin.
3 $u$a.-Cylindrical, rounded and blunt
anteriorly; abdomen tapering; cases promi- nent; cremaster long, but thick, terminating in hooks which adhere to the silk of the co- coon. Length 12 mm., width 4 mm. Color
black, shiny, except the back which is brown- ish and the abdominal incisures which are nearly white.
There are several rows of flat
granular areas which represent the larval warts and bear a few hairs, and three dorsal tufts of short dense white hairs* on the sec- ond to fourth abdominal segments, repre- senting the brush tufts. Duration of this stage 18 days.
$! pz@a.-Abdomen large! thorax small,
cases moderately large but slight. Color dark brown! nearly black on the back, orna- mented as the 8 pupa, but the dorsal struc- tures representing the larval tufts are on * Under the microscope these structures present a curious appearance. They are not a tuft of hairs, but an irregular yellowish gelatinous mass, of a square shape but irregular surface above, divided to the body on the dorsal line and seeming to contain a few hairs, besides several long ones similar to those over the rest of the surface.




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[April 1893.
abdominal joints 1-3, with slight ones on joint 4. Length 17 mm.; greatest width 6.5 mm.
Duration of this stage g days.
Food$laat.-Live oak(~uercus ag~zyolia).
8 mot&.-Variable in markings. An aver-
age specimen was marked as follows. Prim- aries brownish gray, whitish scales largely predominating over a ground of black and brown scales; a black basal line, not reach- ing costa or internal margin and a brownish patch outside this, covering the lower half of the wing before the t. a. line and narrowly separated from the t. a. line by pale gra,y. Transverse anterior line broad, brown with black scales, especially near the costa, nearly straight, gently angulated at median vein ; a reniform discal spot, outlined in brown, filled in with a white shade and narrowly bordered with whitish. Median space pale gray, espe- cially costally, darker outside the reniform spot ; veins slightly lined in black. Trans- verse posterior line black, starting from costa above reniform spot, passing outward and around the spot, thence inwardly curved, slightly dentate outwardly on all the veins and reaching internal margin parallel to t. a. line. On the costa beyond t. p. line, a black patch, from which proceeds the rusty brown subterminal line, following a course parallel to the t. p. line and strongly marked below vein 2 by a white ci-esentic mark, which is produced toward the anal angle (on one
wing) giving it the shape ofa comma. A
brown terminal line, heavier and marked with black opposite the crescent. Fringes blackish interrupted with paler.
Secondaries chestnut brown, shaded with
black7 quite heavily all around the outer mar- gin and apex. Below, chestnut brown ; the costa of fore wings gray and an exterior blackish brown line on the costal half of all four wings, Expanse, 27 mm. (I. I inch). ' 9 ~0th.-Head and thorax small, legs
slender, antennae srnall, shortly bipectinate ; wings fully 5 mm. long, narrow, bent, clothed with sordid white hairs> mixed with a few black scales. Abodmen very large, robust, covered abundantly with pale cinereous down beneath. Back thinly clothed with sordid white down, the dorsum of the body showing through in a broad dark cinereous band on both thorax and abdomen. Width of thorax 3 mm. ; length 2 mm. ; width of abdomen 9.5 mm.; length 15 mm.
Ha6itat.-Coast region of California. Re- corded from Contra Costa Co., (Edwards), Alameda Co. (Behr) , San Mateo Co., San ta Cruz Co., and Monterey Co., Cal.
The moths above described agree so well
with Mr. Edwards' characterization of O~gyia veiusta Bd. that, had it not been for the food plant ofthe larva, I should have had no
hesitation in referring them to that species. On the other hand, I have received from Mr. L. E. Ricksecker, under the name of 0.
vetusta, moths which exactly correspond
with Mr. Edwards' description of 0. plosa. It is evident, therefore, that Mr. Edwards has confounded the two forms and placed the
larvae wrongly. His descriptions of the
mature forms of 0. vetusta and 0. gulosa in Papilio (i, 60-62) should be transposed, while the characterizations of the larvae are correct. I have concluded to preserve the determinations of the larvae as made by Mr. Edwards rather than those of the moths because, in the ktrval state, they are the more easily separated, especially in relation to their food plants, and because this
determination is the one generally accepted by Californian collectors.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.-111.
BY SAMUEL HENSHAW.
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. - Co-
LEOPTERA. Vd. 111, Part 3 By Henry
Stephen Gorham.
gen. sp.
Lycidae, 1880-31, pt. 8-9, p. 1-29;
1884, pt. 32-33> p. 225-249. 14 123
Lampyridae, 1881, pt. 9-11, p. 29-
6s; 1884-85, pt. 33,369 P- 249-
277. 15 144




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