Article beginning on page 404.
Psyche 6:404, 1891.

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404 PSYCHE. [February 1-
white, containing tubercle i and a very narrow dark dorsal line. The anal plate (i. e., joint 14 or the tenth abdominal segment) is vinous. Lateral and subventral tubercles pale.
Thoracic feet black.
Third stage. -Head rounded, median
suture deep, shiny black, hairy; width 1.8 mm. Warts rather large, each with a hair, and other somewhat shorter hairs arise from the body. Color vinous black with pale yellow dorsal patches on joints 3 and 4, 6, 9 and 10 and 13 anteriorly, enclosing warts i and ii. A dark dorsal line, each side of which are a few yellow mottiings on the dark segments; subventral warts largely yellow, the others concolorous with the markings except row i which is dark on the yellow segments.
Setae all blackish. Later, joints 5 and 12 are seen to be a little enlarged dorsally, a narrow, broken, waved line appears along warts i in the yellow markings, the yellow patch on joints 9 and 10 extends faintly on joint 11, there is a broken, irregular, yellow, super- stigmata1 line, distinct only on the yellow- marked segments and some rather more
continuous yellow mottlings along the sub- stigmatal ridge.
Fourth stage. - Head rounded, clypeus
depressed, median suture deep ; hair short, dense, white; color black, slightly shiny, brownish centrally in the depression around the median suture; width 3.0 mm. Warts
rather large, rows i and ii on joints 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 13 and all the subventral warts yellow, the others black. Joints 5 and 12 enlarged dorsally, velvety black. Color purplish
black, a broad, yellow, dorsal band except on joints 5 and 12, containing a broken, triple, dorsal line, fainter on joints 7, 8 and 11. The rest of the body is purplish black, the sub- ventral region included. Hair dense, white, consisting of fine short hairs from the body, with single, slightly longer and larger ones from the warts. As the stage advances a
marked change takes place. A broad pale
gray dorsal band, containing very faint triple dark line, obsolescent and broken ; warts i and ii orange, except on joints 2 and 5, row ii on joints 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 13 broadly orange ; a broad, pale bluish, subdorsal band, heavily mottled with vinous black; joints 5 and 12 dorsally, and lateral spots on all seg- ments (most distinct on joints 3-s), velvety black. A broad, broken, deep orange, stig- matal band, divided by an irregular black stigmata1 line and consisting of orange spots spreading from the warts of rows iv and v and adjacent mottlings, barely confluent. Venter blackish ; thoracic feet shiny black. Cocoon.-Not different from the house
made at the end of each stage, except that there are a few transverse threads to support the pupa.
Pea.-Small but robust. Dorsal outline
arched, ventral nearly straight, rounded at both ends; cremaster, a long spine of even thickness throughout. Smooth, shining;
abdomen very slightly punctured. Color
red-brown, darker ventrally and dorsally, nearly black on the thorax and cases, with a green tinge on the latter. Length 13 mm. ; width 4.5 mm. There are two broods each
year.
Food$lantÌÔWillo (Salix).
Habitat.-Oregon and Washington west
of the Cascade range and, probably, also western British Columbia. Found by Prof. 0. B. Johnson at Seattle, Wash. Larva
from Portland, Oregon.
THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF IN-
SECTS.
The Annals and magazine of natural his-
tory published in December last a translation of the concluding general portion of a me- moir by N. Cholodkowsky on the embryonal development of Phyllodromia yermauica
(M4m. acad. St. Pdtersb., 7 dr., v. 38, 1891) which closes with the following summary. It will prove interesting and suggestive to American entomologists.
I. The head of insects contains more than four protozonites, probably six, of which one is preoral, but the rest are postoral.



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February 1893.1 PSYCHE. 405
2. The antennae of insects belong to the first postoral segment and are entirely homol- ogous with the remaining ventral extremities. They do not correspond to the antennae of Peripatus, but probably to the chelicerae of spiders, and perhaps to the second pair of antennae of Crustacea.
3. Since the possibility that a number of segments in the germinal streak of different arthropods have disappeared is not excluded, a homology of the mouth-parts of the different classes
of Arthropoda cannot at present be
set up.
4. The abdominal appendages of the
insectan germinal streak (including' the cerci) are homologous with the thoracic legs. Herein it makes no difference whether these appendages are attached to the middle, at the side, at the
front, or hind margin (are
meso-, pleuro-, pro-, or opisthostatic, in the terminology of Graber), provided only that their cavity is immediately continuous with that of the somite to which they belong. The fact that the abdominal appendages
usually remain unsegmented in nowise tends to show that they are not of the
nature of
limbs, since,
for instance, the mandibles also
are always unsegmented.*
5. Many of the abdominal appendages of
larvae and perfect insects are homologous with
the thoracic legs, even when they are
secondary in ontogeny.
6. The primitive function of the first pair of the abdominal appendages was ambulatory, as also that of the remaining appendages. The ancestors of the insects were therefore undoubtedly homopod, not heteropod.
7. The many-legged insect larvae are to
be derived from the six-legged just as little as are, conversely, the hexapod iarvae from the polypod ; both forms developed indepen- dently of one another.
8. The embryonic envelopes of the insects probably correspond to the remains of a
trochosphere.
*Whether the segmented branchial filaments of Sisyra and Sialis belong to this category is doubtful, but can only be decided by embryological investiga- tions.
The death on Jan. 2 of Prof. J. 0. West- wood of Oxford at the advanced age of 87 removes the most distinguished entomologist of our time. For sixty-five years his contri- butions to our science have been uninter- rupted and have enriched and advanced every branch of systematic entomology. No writer has made known so many singular forms,
for which he seems to have had a remarkable predeliction. He had a Latreillean eye for structure and he depicted insects with rare skill; of his published drawings there must be many thousands, and they are of the ut- most service to the systematist; yet his port- folios are crowded with unpublished figures. His Introduction to the classification of in- sects, though half a century old, is a store- house of fact and historical statement, ad- mirably presented and still our best general guide ; but to do for the entomology of today what he did for that of 1840 would require treble the space he gave to it. No entornolo- gist the world over has been held in such reverent esteem by Americans as Westwood. News comes from Englind of the death of
Mr. H. T. Stainton at the age of 70. His studies of the Tineina are well known to all American enton~ologists and he will be
remembered especially by them for his careful collocation of the scattered papers of our own Brackenridge Clemens on the subject.
Stain-
ton did much to interest the young in entom- ology and edited journals especially
intended for the tyro and collector. His work on the Tineina was curiously published in four different languages in parallel col- umns. Most of us are glad to publish in one. ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. -The first vol-
ume of Moore's gigantic undertaking upon the Lepidoptera Indica is now completed
with the publication of Part 12. This fine quarto volume, dedicated to the Empress of India and begun in 1890, contains 340 pages and 94 colored plates and yet deals with only two subfamilies of Nymphalidae - the Eu- ploeinae and Satyrinae.
Earl! in 1891 Osten Sacken proposed a new



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