Article beginning on page 323.
Psyche 6:323-326, 1891.

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September IS^.] PSYCHE. 323
nish their full quota of myrmecophiles.
The capture of numbers of Araeoschi-
szis armattts in an anthill at Green
River, Wyo. has already been recorded
by me (Ent. amer., v. 6, p. 84) and
quoted by Mr. Schwarz in his paper
cited. Though Dr. Horn holds that
Araeoschizus is neither parasitic nor
iniquiline, the fact remains that they
are much more abundant in and around
:int's nests. I noticed this especially at Tuscon in the case of three species (A.
reg'iilari's, fimbriatus and simplex)
which I found there in considerable
numbers.
Notibim @berulus is often found in
ant's nests or in the immediate vicinity. At Fort Yuma I have noticed them
running across ant hills or around the
entrances to the underground galleries
without the interference of the ants;
near Los Angeles while at work with
Mr. Coquillet we dug up a large nest
and found in it, besides some specimens
of Notibius $mcticolZis, a number of
Conibius elongatus and Eztry~zefo-
pon convexicolle. I think it quite
possible, considering that nothing is
known of the early stages of these
beetles, that they may breed in the
nests, though it is also likely that they may use them sin~ply for shelter just as Eleodes dispersa uses the holes of
prairie clogs.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON BOMBYCID LARVAE.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS.
HALSIDOTA ALNI Hy. Edw.
1876-Hy. Edw., Proc. Cal. acad. sci., vii, 129 (as a variety of H. agassitii).
t88zÌÔGrote New check list, p. 16.
1891-Smith, List. lep., no. 1x29 a.
Mature larva. - Head rounded, smooth,
black and very shiny; bases of antennae, labium and a line below clypeus yellow;
width 3.5 mm. Body black, mottled with
yellowish, which predominates ventrally; abdominal feet dull yellow, the claspers brownish ; thoracic feet black ; spiracles white. The warts are arranged as in H.
macitlata* and bear dense, spreading tufts of feathery hairs of even length, but slightly longer dorsally on joints 5 and 12, and
keeled along dorsal line. On joints 2-6 and 10-13 the hair is deep black, on joints 7-9 orange ochraceousf. In the black parts at *See Psyche, vol. 6, p. 165,
+ Ridgway's Nomenclature of colors, pi. v, fig. 3. both ends are several long, thin, white pen- cils, consisting of from one to several hairs and arranged as follows :-on joints 3 and 4 from warts 2-5; on joint 5 from warts 1-5; on joint 6. a single hair from warts 3 and 4; on joint 10 a single hair from warts 2-4; on joint 11 from warts 2, 3, and 5; on joint 12 from warts I and 2 and on joint 13 from the large wart and the lateral one.
Food plants.-Willow (Salix) and alder
(Ainus).
Habitat.ÌÔTh Sierra Nevada range of
California and probably further north. Mr. Edwards's example came from Shasta Co.,
mine from Mariposa Co.
HALISJDOTA AGASSIZII Pack.
1864-Packard, Proc. ent. soc. Phil., v. 3, 128.
1873-Stretch, Z\'s Bomb. N. A, V. I, 103 1889.-Hy. Edw.. Bull. no. 35, U. S. nat. mus., 62. fr. var of maculiita
1891-Smith, New list, p. 27. maculara.




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[September 1892.
Mature larva.-Very variable in color.
The head is as in H. aini described above, the color of the body varies much in the amount of black from entirely black to nearly all yellowish. The hair is like that of
H. aini in structure and the white pencils are the same or partly yellowish, but the hairs that arise from the warts and obscure the body are nearly maize yellow* and the
amount of black at the ends of the body is variable. Besides the1 e is usually present the series of lozenge-i-ihaped black dorsal tufts on joints 5-12 which is seen on H. mac- ulata; but these may be much reduced, or absent. I have not, however, seen any ex- amples in which they were wanting which
also had the black extremities well devel- oped. One example occurred to me with it5 hair entirely yellow except the white pen- cils. From this there are all intergrades to a form with joints 2-6 and 10-13 bearing deep black hairs besides the black dorsal tufts on joints 7-9 and the usual white pencils. Ex- amples occur that are not to be distinguished from H. maczilata, that is with only the eight dorsal tufts colored black. A singular variety was found with joints 4-5 and 10 pos- teriorly to 12 and the dorsal
tufts on joints
6-10 black, joints 2, 3, 12 laterally, 13 and all the hair from warts 3-6 on joints 6-10 white, the hair from warts 1-2 on joints 6-10 yellow. White pencils normal.
Food plants.- Willow (Salix) and alder
(Ainus).
Habitat.-California, in low land near the coast. (Santa Barbara and San Francisco). ORGYIA LEUCOSTIGMA Smith and Abbot.
1797-S. and A., Lep. ins. Ga., 157, pi. 79. 1889-Hy. Edw.,B~ill. no. 35, U. S. N. M., p. 63 (gives 23 references).
1889-Packard, 5th 1-ept. U. S. ent. coin., p. 262.
In spite of the fact that the larva of this species has long been known and excellently illustrated and described by Dr. Riley, I * Ridgway's Nomenclature of colors. PI. vi. fig. 21. have seen no account of the preparatory
stages that agrees with my observations. Dr. Riley says :-"Six days after the third moult" [i. e. at the end of the fourth stage] "a por- tion of the larvae spin up; these all produce male moths. The female caterpillars . . . undergo a fourth (and as, it appears from more recent experience, in some instances even a fifth) molt . . ." That is, male larvae have four stages and female, five or six. In my experience, male larvae have six stages and female six or seven (usually seven) just as is the case also with 0. defifiita Pack. and 0. cana Hy. Edw. which I have described. I give briefly the stages as I have observed them.
Egg.-Nearly spherica1,smooth. not shiny ; color yellowish white, a large round pale brownish spot at the vertex surrounded by a ring of the same coloi-. Diameter 0.9 mm. Laid in a mass on the cocoon of the 9 moth and covered with froth which becomes hard and white when dry.
Yif-st larval stage. - Head shiny, pale, subtranslucent brownish, darker on the ver- tex; ocelli black,inouth brown ; width 0.5 tnm. Body pale whitish, the warts concolorous, except
the subdorsal ones which are black-
ish, those on joint 2 larger than the others. An indistinct white dorsal line: venter and legs pale. Hair very long, irregular, no brush-tufti-i, pencils nor retractile tubercles. Second stag'e.-Head pale reddish brown ; width 0.8 mm. Body pale yellowish, a sub- dorsal black band and a broad dorsal one on joints 9-12; a brick red dorsal shade on joints 4 and 9; a few plumed black hairs from the subdorsal warts on joint 2 and the
dorsal on joint 12; retractile tubercles pre- sent, one each on joints 10 and 11 dorsally, pale yellowish, just tinged with red, but dis- tinct. Cervical shield yellowish.
Third staye.-Head brownish red, mouth
darker; width 1.1 mm. Cervical shield
orange. Body pale yellow dorsally, a broad dark gray lateral band and black dorsal band, triple on joints 3 and 4, wide on joints 5-8



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PSYCHE.
September 18p.J 325
{touching the lateral band), narrower on joints 9-12 and absent on joint 13. Long plumed pencils on joints 2 and 12; brush- like tufts of pale yellowish hair on joints 5-7, with traces of another on joint 8; retractile tubercles large, coral red. Hair thin, long and black ;' warts pale grayish. The mark- ings of the mature larva are practically ac- quired at this stage.
Fourth stage.-Head and retractile tuber- cles coral red: cervical shield orange; width of head 1.6 mm. Body as before but the
brush-tufts are complete on joints 5 to 8 and colored white or yellowish.
Fifth stage.-Head, cervical shield and re- tractile tubercles coral red ; width of former 2.1 mm. The ornamentation is as before;
the space between the dorsal and lateral bands is yellow on joints 9-12.
Sixth stage.-(8 mature larva) Head dark
coral red, slightly shiny, ocelli a little darker, jaws brownish; width 2.5 mm. Cervical
shield and retractile tubercles coral red ; warts pale yellow shaded with blackish, arranged as in the other species of Orgyia ; hair pencils on joints 2 (two) and 12 (one) composed of long, plumed, black hairs; four large,
white or yellow brush-like dorsal tufts on joints 5-8. A broad velvety black dorsal band enclosing the small yellow tubercles of row I and the red retractile ones ; on joints 3-8 the dorsum is all black except the warts; a yellow subdorsal band ; lateral region dark gray except the warts, joint 13 only shaded with gray; a yellow substigmatal band;
a black stigmata1 line; venter gray and
legs pale yellow. Hair long, thin and
black.
Seventh stage.-( $ larvae only.) As in
the previous stage; width of head 3.5 mm. Cocoon.-Double, composed of hair and
silk, but thin.
(^ fr/$a.-Cylindrical; antenna and wing
cases prominent; abdomen tapering, the
cretnaster flattened, its hooks fastened in the silk of the cocoon. Color yellowish white or more or less shaded with dark brown or black, the back covered with long hair and three dorsal tufts of short scales. Length 13 mm. ; width 5 mm.
$ Ma.-Like the 3, but larger and
more robust. The wing cases are present, 6.5 mm. long, (though
the wings of the
moth are but 2.5 mm. long) but the antenna cases are small.
OEDEMASIA SALICIS Hy. Edwards.
Egg,-Hemispherical but rounded at base,
base flattened centrally; smooth slightly shiny, under the microscope divided into small hexagonal areas, their boundaries not distinctly raised and hardly distinct enough to form reticulations ; diameter 0.8 mm. Laid over 100 together on the under side of a leaf. The little larva hatches by eating a large hole in the top.
Food -plants.-Maple (Acer macro-phyllum) and apple' (-6s malus) and also, according to Mr. Edwards, willow (Salix) and accord- ing to Dr. Behr, walnut (Juglans).
SCHIZURA CONSPECTA Hy. Edwards.
1874--Hy. Edw., Proc. Cal. acad. sc., v. 5, 366. Heterocam$a (?).
1882-Grote, Checklist, p. 19. Coelodasys. 1891-Smith. List lep., No. 131 I. Schisura. I found a larva, which may belong to this species, in Yosemite, Cal., but it was unfort- unately destroyed while I was attempting to rear it. As there is no other species of Sckizura known from California, I give what notes I was able to obtain under the above heading.
Egg.-Spheroidal, flattened at base ; dia- meter 1.1 mm.
Under the microscope it is
seen to be covered with very narrow slightly elevated lines forming irregular pentagonal or hexagonal reticulations, becoming very small at the micropyle. Laid together on the under side of a leaf. The little larva hatches by eating a hole in the side.
First 2arvalstage.-Head bilobed,rounded, very shiny blackish brown, yellowish at the vertex ; ocelli black ;
a few hairs ; width 0.6'
mm. Cervical shield with a pftir of tubercles; joints 5 and 12 slightly enlarged dorsally;



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326 PSYCHE. [September *a.
feet normal, but the anal pair elevated; smooth, rounded-conical tubercles, normal in arrangement, rather large and each bearing a long hair, many of which are swollen at the tip. Body honey yellow, the humps and lat- eral region wine red; cervical shield, anal plate, tubercles and anal feet blackish ; other feet shiny black.
second sfas-e.-Head bilobed, high, narrow- ing to vertex and flat in front; a tubercle at the vertex of each lobe ; width 0.8 mm ; uniform. brown, not shiny, the vertex a little darker Body slightly enlarged dorsally at joints 5 and 12, tlie tubercles very l:n-ge, especially dorsally, conical, smooth, each with a short seta which is transparent and swollen at tip. Anal feet elevated, partly aborted. Body reddish brown, lighter dorsally and mottled with yellow; joints 5 and 12 are dark as are also the tub- ercles. Cervical shield and anal plate dark. A yellow dorsal spot on joints 4 and I I bi- sected by a brown dorsal line.
Food plant.-Maple (Acer) .
CLISIOCAMPA CONSTRICTA Stretch.
Var. STRIGOSA Stretch.
1881--Stretch, Papilio, v. I, p. 67.
1882-Grote, Check list, p. 21. Sf. disf. Mr. Stretch described this form apparently from a single $ example from the Yosemite Valley and jn Grote's list it stands as a dis- tinct species. This is an error, however, as C. strig'usa is merely a local form of C. con- stricta hardly differing sufficiently to deserve the varietal name.
The principal differences noticed by Mr. Stretch in his description seem to be the larger size of C. strigosa, the greater width of the band on fore wings, the distinct spots on the fringe and the common line on the wings below. From the series of bred speci- mens before me, these characters are seen to be decidedly variable, and many of the speci- mens are nearer to the typical form than to Mr. Stretch's description of C. st~igosa. The larva is identical with that of C. con- stricta as described by Mr. Hy. Edwards. The larvae form no tent, but live in the manner of C. disstria, separating as they be- come large and wandering about considerably before forming their cocoons. In the Yose- mite Valley they feed on the black oak
(J^ttercus keloggii).
The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. 1958 Pages of Text.
Vol. I. Introduction ; Nymphalidae.
Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3.
Appendix, Plates and Index.
The set, 3 vols., royal 8v0, half levant, $75.00 net. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.,
4 Park St., Boston, Mass.
RHOPALOCERA.
Rhopalocera from Europe, New Grenada, Sik- kim, Assam, Pulo Nias, British Guiana, Congo Free State and various Polynesian Islands. Cor- respondents will oblige by stating desiderata. No post cards.
DR. J. T. T. REED,
Ryhope, Sunderland, England.
I
EXcHAN-GE.
I
I
I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In 1 exchange for such works in any language I offer 1 good material from the west and the far north, most- ly coleoptera.
H. F. WICKHAM,
I Iowa City, Iowa.




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