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Psyche 6:62-65, 1891.

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62 PSYCHE.
[April 1891.
A LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF ILLINOIS.-Ill.* BY JEROME MCNEILL, FAYETThVII,I,E, ARK.
46. Area sulph7trea Fab. This
is a common species throughout the
state.
In the northern part of the state
there is but one brood a year and the
individuals pass the winter as larvae or pupae, being found in exactly the same
localities as Chortopha^a viridz fasciafa De Geer and Hifiisctis fzibercdatus
Pal. de Beauv. They become full fledged
as early as the 14th of May and disappear about the first of July.
*47. Arpfia xanthoptera Burim.
This species is said by Thomas to in-
habit Illinois, but I have seen 110 speci- mens that could be referred with cer-
tainty to this species unless indeeed A. carinata Scudd. is a synonym. I have
been inclined to this opinion but Saus-
sure still continues to separate them and it is probable that he has been able to
compare carinata Scudd. with Bur-
meister's type.
48. Ar$hia cai-mata Scudd. This
-
is a very common species throughout
the state, formerly thought to be a
variety of suZ/hurea Fab., but it seems
to be quite distinct and the two species are now placed in different divisions of the genus.
In practice they may be
distinguished by the facial costa which
* In the first two parts of this paper, in almost every case where I have accredited specimens to the Museum of the University of Illinois, I should have said the Museum of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.
is acuminate towards the vertex in
su/phwea, while in carinata Scudd.
the sides of the facial costa are nearly parallel from the median ocellus to the
vertex. The carina of the pronotum of
the latter is very high and strongly
arched while in the former it is but little elevated and nearly straight. The
earliest appearance of this species in
northern Illinois is the 20th of August. 49. Arphia tenebrosa Scudd. Mr.
Thomas says this species is occasionally seen in the extreme northwestern. part
of the state.
50. Chortofhaga virid~å´/asciat
De Geer. Common throughout the
state, though never very abundant.
The larvae and pupae winter in the same
situations with Arphia sulphurea and
complete their transformations only a
few days sooner than the last mentioned
species. This species is the first of the order to reach maturity in the spring
and the note of the male is the beginning of the grasshopper chorus which con-
tinues for six months or more.
It is a
very variable species, but all of the
varieties may be referred to two forms,
the green and the brown, which is a
seasonal form apparently and therefore
worthy of a name according to the rules
of systematic zoology. It should there-
fore be called ChortofJfCiga viridzjk-
data infuscata Harris. This form as
has frequently been remarked is the corn- P~uå´h 6 061.66 (pre. 1003). http //pychc d u b org/#6-0062 html



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April i~oi .I PSYCHE. 6 3
mon one in the early spring and while
green males are very rare at this season green females are common ; later the
green form predominates and the brown
form is the one of exceptional occurrence, but the males are less uncomnlon than the females. In the northern part of the
state there is but one brood that hatched from eggs in the late summer and ma-
tured the following spring, so that the
form infuscata is the common one
always. In Moline I have captured
full grown specimens as early as the
twenty-second of April and as late as
the seventh of July.
51. EncoftoIofkus sordidus Bur-
meister. Common throughout the State
but more abundant northward. While
the males of many species and the females of some species occasionally fly with a
crackling noise, the males of this species seem not to be able to fly at all without making this noise.
This is a fortunate
circumstance for the collector since the dark color and the short and exceedingly quick flight of the male make it very
difficult to follow. I captured speci-
mens from August twenty-first to the
thirtieth of October.
*52. Cammula $elhtcida Scudd.
This species undoubtedly occurs in the
northern part of the state although I
have never seen a specimen taken within
its borders. I have specimens from
Wisconsin and Mr. Thomas includes
the species in his List of the Orthoptera of Illinois on the authority of Mr. Scud- der.
53. Hi'ppiscus tuberculatus Pal. de
Beauv. This a rather common species
in the early spring. Larvae and pupae
pass the winter under the
shelter of
leaves and grass and mature very early
in the spring, about the first of May. It shows a decided preference for certain
localities, being found year after year in the same field or on the same hillside.
From these favorite haunts it never
seems to wander far although appar-
ently well able to fly across the state. There are two places each a few rods
square on Rock Island where 1 have
never failed to find them summer or
winter and these are the only places
where they are to be found on the Isl-
and, which is three-fourths of a mile
wide and three miles long.
54. Hi$fZscus ruyo.<us Scudd. This
species is also rather common at Moline
and probably throughout the state. The
red and the yellow winged forms are
found in about equal numbers in Rock
Island Co. except on the " Sand Hill "
where they are quite common and all
apparently yellow-winged. I have taken
them on Rock Island as early as the 20th of August. A specimen in the Illinois
state laboratory of natural history bears the date of Aug. 14, taken at Pekin.
j
55. H/~fiscusfhoenico/terus Burm.
This is the species formerly known as
H, discoideus Serv. while the species
that used to bear the name phoenico$-
term is now known to be H. tubercu-
latus Pal. de Beauv. I have taken a
a single' species at Moline.
It is prob-
ably a rare species throughout the state. Taken the 5th of September.
96. Xanth Iff us neg?e&s Thos.
Thomas says he captured it in the




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64 PSYCHE. [April 1891.
southern part of the state but thinks it is rarely found there. I do not know of
its occurrence elsewhere.
57. Dissosteira carolina Linn.
Abundant everywhere along roadsides
and railroads especially. Taken as early as the 25th of June.
*58. Spharagemon aepale Say. It
is not certain that this species occurs
in the state although Thomas says it is
found LLthroughout the greater part of
the state." It is in no collections that I have seen while the species next named
is abundant wherever I have collected
in Illinois or Iowa or Indiana ; but as its occurrence here is not improbable I
have not excluded it from the list.
59. Spharagemon bolli Scudd. Com-
mon on dry hillsides. It makes its ap-
pearance as early as the 21 st of June.
This is the only species with which I
am acquainted, except Dissosteira car-
oZina Linn., that remains stationary a
few feet above the ground and in some
manner produces a dry rustling note. I
have known this species to go through
the performance in but one instance
although it was repeated several times
by different individuals. As four out of the five individuals that I captured on
the spot were males, the thought sug-
gested itself that it might be a part of the courtship of the species.
60. Spharagemon collare Scudd.
This species occurs rarely on the tops.of high sandy hills, in Rock Island Co.
and doubtless throughout the state as I
have found it as far south as Pine BluE, Ark., where individuals were found
abundant along the sandy shore of the
Arkansas River. They are abundant
however on the "Sand Hill." They have
been taken at Moline as early as the 28th of August.
6 I. Psinidia f enestralis Serv. This
has been found, so fur as I know, in but a single locality in the state, the sand hill at Moline Bridge. It is abundant
here on the bare sand. Its crimson
wings make it conspicuous but when
on the ground it is so small and colored so nearly like the sand that it is not easy to see it and its flights are so short and quick that it is not very easy to capture. Aug. 28th is the earliest recorded date
of its capture.
*62. Mestobregma cincta Thos. Said
by Tliomas to occur sparingly in south-
ern Illinois.
63. ( ?) fhilobostroma larva Scudd.
I think I am not mistaken in referring to this species a considerable number of
individuals found on the sand hill, Sept. Ìà
2, and at Cordova Sept. 28.
They are
very variable in size and color but as the lateral foveolae are a1 ways very distinct they are easily distinguished from
Philobostroma quadrinzaculata Thos.
*64. Trimerotropis maritima Harr.
Said by Thomas to occur in the north-
ern part of the state.
65. Circotettix verruculatus Kirby.
The collection of the State laboratory
of natural history contains two speci-
mens, one from Henry, Ill., and the
other from Birds Point, Mo.
66. ChloZaZtis viridis Scuddei-.
Seems to be common throughout the
state, but it is never abundant. Speci-
mens of both the brown and green vai-ie-



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April iSgi.]
PSYCHE.
ties will be found in any locality, but so far as my experience goes the green speci-
mens far outnumber the brown
every-
whereand at all seasons. It is a grass lov- ing species as indeed are the group
Truxalini generally, being in this re-
spect strongly contrasted with the Oedip- odini, which very generally prefer barren hillsides or other localities characterized by somewhat scanty vegetation. The
short wings as in allied species are quite variable. I have one in my cabinet with
elytra and wings quite as long as the ab- domen. Specimens have been taken at
Moline as early as the ninth of July, and as late as the fifteenth of October.
67. Ckloealtis co~zs/ersa Scudder.
Probably found throughout the state,
though never abundant and perhaps not
everywhere common. The females are
very likely to be confused with the
brown females of the preceding species
from which they may always easily be
separated by the slight median carina
of the vertex.
The wings and elytra as
in the preceding species are quite vari- able, one specimen in my collection hav- ing elytra which extend one fourth
their length beyond the tip of the abdo- men. The species is noted for the ex-
hibition of a habit not possessed by any other member of the family so far as is
now known. This peculiarity is its
habit of depositing its eggs in holes
bored in slightly decayed wood.
This
fact was first reported by Mr. S. I.
Smith in his List of the Orthoptera of
Maine. It has since been corroborated
by the observations of Mr. C. A. Hart
of Ch:impaign.* This species makes its
--
-- pp
*See also Scudder. Rep. Geol. N. Hampshire V. 1, 371-3752.
appearance in spring even earlier than
C. viridis; indeed I know of but one
other, Pezotettix virid7tIus Walsh, that is developed earlier from eggs hatched
in the spring. It has been found in Mo-
line as early as the twenty-first of June and as late as the twenty-fourth of Sep- tember.
68. Stenobothrus cwtipennis Har-
ris. Quite common throughout the
state and generally more abundant than
either of the two preceding species, It
has a decided preference for thick blue
grass growing in partially shaded situa- tions. Like its allies it can scarcely be said to either fly or jump, but it suffers little or nothing in lacking these accom- plishments as its astonishing facility as a tumbler and contortionist generally dis- courage all but the most determined ef-
forts for its capture. It appears almost as early in the spring as the preceding
species, its first recorded appearance at Moline being the twenty-third of June,
and its latest appearance the twenty-
fourth of September.
69. Stenobothrus t~~acuZi$cnnis
Scudd. This very variable species is
common in a few localities. It occurs
on the "Sand Hill" several times rg-
ferred to and described in this paper.
It is found too on the barren or sandy
tops of the highest hills along the bluffs of the Mississippi and Rock Rivers. It
is full-fledged about the first of August. 70. SvrbztIa admirabilis Uhler.
Widely distributed but rare or uncom-
mon. Thomas described the brown
form of the male and did not know of
the existence ofthe green form. I have
raised from pupae several males which




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CV r,g&2gplY?. [April 1891.
show the usual green color and mark-
ings of the females. The earliest ap-
pearance at Moline Is August 22.
* 7 I . Mermiria bivittata Sesville.
Very rare if it occurs at all in the state. Mr. Thomas thinks he has seen one
specimen taken within this limit. It
has been taken at Omaha, Nebraska, by
Mr. Lawrence Bmner so that its occur-
rence here is very probable.
72. Truxalis brevicornis Linn. This
is a southern species but it extends as
as far north as Urbana, Illinois, where I am told by Mr. C. A. Hart it has been
frequently taken at the electric light,
as many as seven or eight having been
taken in one e ening, August sixteenth-
LESTES EURINUS s~~.-This species ap-
pears never to have been taken since Harris's day, who obtained his specimens on the bor- ders of ponds in Milton, Mass., in 1826. The only notices which have been published since the description by Say, in 1839, have been based solely on his text. The accompanying description is from the type (a $ ) in the Harris collection of the Boston Society of Natural History.
It is a true Lestes.
Greenish blue above, yellowish beneath.
Head bronze blue above, yellow beneath;
apex of clypeus, labrum, sides of mandibles, and front of face very pale greenish blue, glrstening. Thorax bright blue above with violaceous reflections and with dorsal and lateral sutures yellowish brown ; sides of thorax blue, the side of mesothorax with a biserrate lemon yellow spot occupying lower posterior third, that of metathorax yel- low with an oblique triangular fuscous stripe ; base of all the legs, and under surface of femora (especially of posterior pair) yellow; upper surface of femora, lower surface of tibiae and tarsi brownish green; upper sur- face of tibiae fuscous; wings subhyaline or very slightly flavescent, pterostigma black; 1888.
The frequent occurrence of a rare
species at the electric light is more
remarkable since it is of very rare occur- rence for the commonest species of
Acrididae to visit a light.
73- Arcyptera Zz'neata Scudder. A
very rare form in the northern part
of the state. I have taken a few speci-
mens on the Iowa side of the Mississippi opposite Watertown. This is pretty
certainly the species from the northern
part of the state, which Thomas says
he saw for too short a time to certainly identify. In his list it is given as
Stetheofhyma ( Arcyptera) gracilis ?
Scudd. The single specimen in my
collection was captured August 9.
abdominal segments 1-5 above blue, 6-10
blackish green ; beneath very pale fuscous, more dusky posteriorly, their apices black- ish ; superior appendages forcipated, beneath bidentate interiorly; the first tooth at the extremity of the basal fourth sharply pointed, directed posteriorly ; the second, just beyond the middle, depressed, laminate, denticulate, directed toward that of the opposite appen- dage (inferior appendages lost) ; thirteen postcubital cross nervules on right, fifteen on left fore wing.
Length (inc. forceps) 46 mm.; alar ex-
panse', 59 mm.; length of pterostigma, 2.1; mm. SAMUEL H. SCUDDER.
HEMIDTPTERA HAECKELII.-En tonlologists
who would derive the Diptera from the Hemi- ptera, if any such exist, will be delighted to find in the last number of the Jenaische zeitschrift fur naturwissenschaft (bd. 25, heft. I & 2, 1890, p. 13-15) a description of .
what purports to be a "zwischenform" con- necting these two widely separated orders. Dr. N. Leon figures and gives a brief de- scription of an insect taken by Prof. Ernst Haeckel in Ceylon together with species of



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