J. C. Bequaert.
The Genus Pachodynerus (Hymenoptera, Vespidæ) in the Antilles.
Psyche 55:105-111, 1948.

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PSYCHE
VOL. 55 SEPTEMBER, 1948 No. 3
THE GENUS PACHODYNERUS (HYMENOPTERA,
VESPIDB) IN THE ANTILLES1
BY JOSEPH C. BEQUAERT
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. The key to the Antillean species of Pachodywus and the appended brief notes on their synonymy and distribu- tion are extracted from a large manuscript covering the vespid fauna of these islands. They will help to clarify the affinities of a new Cuban species recently received from Dr. S. C. Brunei, who kindly presented the types to the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
1. Thorax very short and high, nearly cubical, scarcely longer than wide. Postscutellum crossed by a sharp, finely crenulate ridge. Superior ridge of propodeum with a complete, high, translucent la- mella. Edge of first abdominal tergite evenly rounded in profile, not bluntly angular, with minute, scattered punctures. Ocellar area more or less grooved. Clypeus of male with a median pair of low longitudinal humps. Black, with pale brownish- yellow markings; abdomen dull, with appressed short hairs ; head and thorax with longer, somewhat silky pubescence P. nasidens.
Thorax either markedly longer than wide or (in alayoi) superior ridge of propodeum incomplete, not lamellar. Black with bright yellow markings, some- times partly ferruginous-red. Body dull or more or less shiny, without appressed short hairs and without silky pubescence ..................... .. ...................................... 2. 1 Published with a grant from the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College.
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106 Psyche [ Sept.
2. Edge of first abdominal tergite bluntly angular and slightly swollen at the junction of basal slope and apical horizontal area, the latter with coarse punc- tures.
Superior ridge of propodeum with a com-
plete lamella; concavity with strong transverse strise and coarse punctures. Interocellar area slightly grooved. Clypeus of male with" medium- sized punctures and a median pair of low longitu- dinal humps. Inner margin of mandible of male with the basal tooth low and broad. Black; head and thorax with many yellow markings; tergites 1 and 2 and sternite 2 with apical yellow bands; legs mostly ferruginous-red .............................. P. jamaicensis. Apical horizontal area of first abdominal tergite mi- nutely punctate. Concavity of propodeum either mostly smooth or finely transversely striate ............... 3. 3. Superior ridge of propodeum low and irregular, not forming a complete lamella. Thorax only very slightly longer than wide.
Edge of first abdominal
tergite not angular, evenly rounded at the junction of basal slope and apical horizontal area. Interocel- lar area grooved. Clypeus of male with medium- sized punctures, without median longitudinal humps. Inner margin of mandible of male with the basal tooth low and broad. Black; head, thorax and legs profusely marked with yellow; tergites 1 and 2 and sternite 2 with apical yellow bands. .................. P. alayoi. Superior ridge of propodeum with a complete, high sometimes translucent lamella. Thorax distinctly longer than wide .......................................................................................... 4. 4. Edge of first abdominal tergite not angular, evenly rounded at the junction of basal slope and apical horizontal area. Interocellar area slightly grooved. Clypeus of male with minute sculpture and a median pair of low longitudinal humps. Inner margin of mandible of male with the basal tooth high, trian- gular. Black; head, thorax and legs profusely marked with yellow; abdomen with apical bands and sometimes (var. sancti-vhcenti) with lateral spots on tergite two ................................................... P. guadulpemsis.



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19481 Bequaert-Genus Pac71odynerus 107
Edge of first abdominal tergite bluntly angular and often slightly swollen at the junction of basal slope and apical horizontal area ............................................................ 5. 5. Interocellar area flat or scarcely depressed. Clypeus of female coarsely punctate ; of male slightly longer than wide, with medium-sized punctures, without median longitudinal humps. Inner margin of man- dible of male with the basal tooth low and broad. Black; head, thorax and legs profusely marked with yellow; tergites 1 and 2 and sternite 2 with apical yellow bands (also two discal spots on tergite ......................................................... 2 in var. barb ouri)
P. tibialis.
Interocellar area distinctly grooved.
Clypeus of fe-
male with medium-sized punctures ; of male about as long as wide, with medium-sized punctures and a median pair of low longitudinal humps. Inner margin of mandible of male with the basal tooth high, triangular .......................................................................................... 6. 6. Sculpture of head and thorax very coarse; pronotum, scutellum and postscutellurn almost rugoso-reticu- late. Cheeks rather swollen in profile, at least half as wide as the eye at the occiput. Colored much like P. cubensis in typical form, but the apical ab- dominal segments often less extensively ferruginous or entirely black; in var. bahamensis, base of first abdominal tergite extensively f erruginous-red. P. scrupeus.
Sculpture of head and thorax dense, but moderately coarse, not rugoso-reticulate. Cheeks barely swol- len in profile, less than half as wide as the eye at the occiput. Black; head and thorax profusely marked with yellow; tergites 1 and 2 and sternite 2 with api- cal yellow bands (much widened at the sides of ter- gite 1); base of flagellum, femora and apical segments of abdomen more or less extensively fer- rugincus-red ..................................................................... P.. cubensis. 1. Pachodynerus nasidens (Latreille, 1817). Odynerus simplicicornis de Saussure (1855), described from Cuba, I regard as a synonym, being unable to find any consistent difference between Cuban and continental American speci-



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108 Psyche [Sept. ,
mens. The wasps recorded as 0. brachygaster from Cuba, by H. Lucas and Gundlach, were also P. nasidens. I have never seen the true P. brachygaster (de Saussure, 1853) from any of the Antilles. P. nasidens is widely distributed throughout most of Central and South Amer- ica and is at present spreading outside the New World. It is common in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. In the Bahamas it has only been taken thus far in New Providence. I have seen a specimen labelled Miami, Florida, no doubt an accidental introduction. Whether Pachody~erus acuticarinatus (Cameron), of Texas and Arizona, and P. pulverulentus (Viereck), of Arizona and Southern California, are specifically or racially distinct from P. nasidens is as yet undecided.
2. Pachodywus jamaicensis Bequaert and Salt, 1931. This species is restricted to Jamaica. It includes the wasps recorded from there by Fox, Ashmead, and Gowdey as 0. tibialis, and by Gowdey as 0. guadulpensis, two species I have never seen from Jamaica.
3a. Pachodperus guadulpensis (de Saussure, l853), typical form. Originally described from Guadeloupe, this form of the species is found in most of the Lesser An- tilles. I have seen it from Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, the Grenadines (Canouan I.), Grenada, and Barbados. Published records from Ja- maica and Trinidad were based on misidentifications. Odynerus guadelupensis Dalla Torre (1904) is an emen- dation of 0. guadulpensis. According to the types, at British Museum and U. S. National Museum, Odynerus grenadensis Ashmead (1900) is not separable from gua- dulpensis; the structural characters are the same, while the apical bands are not actually absent on the tergites behind the second, as implied in the original description, but are dirty orange or ferruginous, instead of yellow, evidently an artificial discoloration. Similar discolora- tion may. be seen in some specimens from the other is- lands. The dorsal face of the pronotum is sometimes wholly yellow, as stressed by de Saussure; more often it bears on each side a small discal, triangular blackspot. 3 b. Pachodynerus guadulpensis var. sancti-vince̤t



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19481 Bequaert-Genus Pachodynerus 109
(Ashmead, 1900).
I have seen the types of Odynerus
sancti-vincenti at the British Museum and at the U. S. National Museum, as well as two additional females col- lected in St. Vincent by J. Ogilvie. Structurally these wasps agree with P. guadulpensis from the other Lesser Antilles, but they are more abundantly marked with yel- low. The apical band of the first tergite extends along the sides and often projects somewhat inward along the edge of the slope., Usually also there is a free discal yel- low spot on each side of tergite two. In some of the types these spots are very small or barely indicated. I have not seen them in any guadulpemsis from any of the other Antilles. So far as known at present var. sancti-vincenti is peculiar to St. Vincent.
4a. Pachodynerus tibialis (de Saussure, 1853), typical form. So far as known, this form is restricted to His- paniola and the neighboring Mona Island. It is black, with fairly numerous yellow markings on head, thorax and legs ; but clypeus, mesopleura and propodeum are mostly black; tergites 1 and 2 and sternite 2 have a broad yellow margin, but there are no yellow discal spots. 4b. Pachodynerus tibialis var. (or subsp. ) barbouri, new.
Female.-Black, with the following parts yellow: en- tire clypeus ; narrow margin of lower inner orbits ; streak along upper outer orbits ; small interantennal spot ; basal spot on mandible; scape beneath; much of dorsal area of pronotum; most of mesopleura, tegulse and propodeum (broad center of concavity black) ; postscutellum; broad apical margins of tergites 1 and 2 and sternite 2; that of tergite 1 abruptly widened and extending somewhat mesad along the edge of the slope; that of sternite 2 ex- tensively widened on the sides; a spot on each side of ter- gite 2 narrowly divided from the yellow margin ; most of coxse ; apical portion of fore and mid femora ; apical spot on hind femora; tibise except for a narrow inner black streak. Structurally like the typical form, except that the lamellar superior ridge of the propodeum is not straight but wavy, forming a broad upward curve midway between the lateral angle and the postscutellum. If this



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110 Psyche t~ept,
peculiarity is found consistently in other Bahaman speci- mens, burbouri may have to be raised to specific rank. The unknown male may furnish additional characters. Bahamas : Great Inagua, female holotype, February 26, 1934 (-Utowana Expedition-Mi C. Z. No. 27832). Named for the late Dr. Thomas Barbour, in apprecia- tion of his lifelong interest in the Antillean fauna. 5. Pachodynerus alayoi, new species.
Male.-Similar to P. guaduIpensis and P. tibialis, ex- cept for the following. Interocellar area deeply grooved, with longitudinal swellings near the posterior ocelli; the latter slightly farther apart than their distance from the eyes. Ridge between antennse low, not carinate. Clypeus slightly higher than wide, relatively narrower in upper area than in tibialis, the inner orbits being slightly over one and one-half times as far apart on the vertex than at the narrowest of the clypeus ; surface barely convex, with- out median longitudinal humps ; lower free portion much shorter than upper interocular part; truncate apex rela- tively narrower than in tibialis, less than one-third of the greatest width of the clypeus. Mandible as in tihidis, the inner margin with the basal tooth low and broad. Thorax seen from above scarcely longer than greatest width, relatively shorter than in tibialis. Propodem : superior ridge poorly developed, except close to the lateral angle where there is a short, low carha; elsewhere the coarse sculpture of the dorsal areas extends beyond the ridge onto part of the concavity as medium-sized punctures; lateral angle low, blunt. First abdominal tergite not in the least angular at the junction of basal slope and hori- zontalapical area, as evenly rounded off as in guaddpen- szs.
Head and thorax very coarsely punctate, almost rugoso- reticulate, much as in jamaicensis; but concavity of pro- podemn mostly smooth, with a median area of a few, weak transverse strk Clypeus with scattered medium-sized punctures, about as in ti6iaIis and jamaicensis. Sculpture of abdomen as in tibidis.
BIack, without ferruginous, with the following areas yellow: clypeus; most of lower half of face; a broad



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19481 Bequaert-Genus Pac7zodynerus Ill
streak along upper outer orbits; a large basal spot on mandible; scape, except for a black streak above; broad humeral margin of pronoturn (including carina) ; two spots on scutellurn; most of postscutellum ; a large spot on upper mesepisternum; most of dorsal areas of pro- podeum, the yellow continued over the sides close to the lateral angles; most of tegul~e; legs except for coxae and part of femora, the tarsi darker, more or less ferruginous; and broad apical margins on termites 1 and 2 and on ster- nite 2, not abruptly widened at the sides. Wings as in
tibialis.
Length (h. + th. + t.1 + Z), 7 mm.; of fore wing, 6 mm. Female.-Except for the usual sexual differences, like the male in structural characters and color markings. Clypeus about as high as wide, the inner orbits about one and one-third times as far apart on the vertex as the nar- rowest of the clypeus ; lowerfree portion about as long as upper interocular part; surface coarsely and densely punctate. Clypeus yellow, with a narrow median black streak over apical half.
Length (h.+ th. + t.1 + Z), 8 mm.; of fore wing, 7 mm. The absence of a complete lamellar ridge between the dorsal areas and the concavity of the propodeum is un- usual in Pachodynerus. It differentiates P. alayoi not only from all other Antillean species, but also from most of those found elsewhere, except P. peruensis (de Saus- sure).
Cuba : Siboney near Santiago de Cuba, male holotype, May 5,1940 (M.C.Z. No. 27829) ; Ciudamar near Santiago de Cuba, female allotype, January 18,1948 ; both collected by Mr. Pastor Alayo.
6. Pachodzfnerus cubensis (de Saussure, 1853). Known only from Cuba, where it seems to occur everywhere, being one of the characteristic elements of the fauna. 7a. Padzodynew scrupeus (Zavattari, 1912), typkal form. Found in Cuba, where it appears to be rare (Pres- ton and Banes, in Oriente; Santiago de las Vegas), and more commonly in the Bahamas (Cat I. ; New Providence ; Bum Cay; Eleuthera). Most of the Cuban specimens are colored much like P. cubensis; but the yellow markings



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are somewhat more extensive, while the ferruginous color covers more of the flagellum. In some Cuban specimens the apical abdominal segments are as extensively fer- ruginous-red as in cubensis; in the Bahaman specimens they are almost wholly black. One Cuban specimen, how- ever, is in this respect like those of the Bahamas, so that the Bahaman wasps without reddish on the base of the first tergite do not seem to be racially distinct from the Cuban ones.
7b. Pacliodynerus scrupeus var. bahamensis Bequaert and Salt, 1931.
This form differs from typical scrupeus
in the first tergite of the abdomen being tricolored, broadly red at base (to beyond the angular edge), nar- rowly black in the middle, and banded with yellow at apex. The terminal segments of the abdomen are black in all specimens seen. Known only from the Bahamas: New Providence; Andros I. (Andros Gay) ; Long I. (Clarence- town) ; Watling I. ; Rum Cay.
Male (undescribed) .-Similar in color to the female, except that the clypeu's is entirely yellow. Structurally it agrees with the male of typical scrupeus. Allotype from New Providence, Bahamas, May 1, 1932 (J. G. Myers). Both holotype and allotype at M.C.Z. (No. 27832).
PUPAL PARASITES OF TABANID^E.-To complete the record the following references should be appended to my note on the pupal parasites of the Tabanidae (Bailey, 1947). The chalcid Diglochis occidentalis Ashmead, of the Pteromali- dae, was reported as a parasite of three species of Chry- sops, namely C. excitans, C. mitis and C. moerens, by Cam- eron (1926) and Philip (1931) found four pup= of C. mitis parasitized by this species in Minnesota. These were pre- viously overlooked. References: Bailey, N. S., 1947, Psyche, 54(2) : 142; Cameron, A. E., 1926, Bull. Ent. Res., 17(1) : 3940; Philip, C. B., 1931, Minn. Agric. Exper. Sta- tion Tech. Bull., 80 : 68.-N.S. BAILEY, Biological Labora- tories, Harvard University.




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