C. Clayton Hoff.
New Species of Diplosphyronid Pseudoscorpions from Australia.
Psyche 54:36-56, 1947.

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?JEW SPECIES OF DIPLOSPHYRONID PSEUDO-
SCORPIONS FROM AUSTRALIA1
BY C. CLAYTON HOFF
Department of Zoology and Parasitology,
Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College Through the kindness of Professor Nathan Banks, the writer has been able to study the collections of Australian and New Zealand pseudoscorpions deposited in the Mn- seum of Comparative Zoology. The majority of these collections were taken by members of the Harvard Aus- tralian Expedition in 1931 and 1932.
The present paper is concerned only with the diplo- sphyronid pseudoscorpions. The specimens have been mounted on microscope slides after being cleared in beecli- wood creosote. Measurements were made with a cali- brated micrometer ocular and are expressed in milli- meters. All of the specimens described here have been returned to the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Family OLPIIDB Cliamberlin 1930
Subfamily OLPIINE Banks 1895
Genus Olpium L. Koch 1873
Olpium zealandiensis sp. nov.
Figures 1-3
Female.
Body moderately slender ; carapace moder- ately brown, abdomen and leg's light yellowish brown, palpi deep reddish brown. Length of body 2.7 111111. Carapace smooth except weakly developed netlike lines on the posterior one-third of the face and along the sides. Setae sparse, only two setae along the posterior margin of the carapace. The two eyes of each side separated by less than the diameter of the posterior eye. Lateral margins of the carapace weakly convex, posterior margin nearly straight. Length of carapace about 0.8 mm., great- est width across posterior margin and equal to 0.71 111n1., ocular width about 0.5 mm.
1 Published by a grant from the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har- vard College.
36
Pu&e 54:36-56 (1947). hup Ytpsychu einclub orgt5.UM-OK html



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Abdomen elongate with sides weakly and evenly con- vex, length 1.9 nim., width 1.05 mm.
All tergites equally
sclerotic, not divided, surface marked by very faint net- like sculpturing. Each of the first two tergites with four setae, more posterior tergites with six setae, the tenth and the eleventh with 10 setae. Sternites a little more lightly pigmented than the tergites and virtually unsculptured. Most sternites with six to 10 very fine acuminate setae; sternites not divided.
C71elicera fairly stout, 0.27 mm. long, width of base 0.16 mm. Flagellum of three setre, anterior one stout and denticulate along the distal one-third; the middle seta about two-thirds the length of the distal one and also sub- terminally denticulat e ; the proxinial seta inconspicuous, less than one-half the length of the middle one, and ap- parently acuminate. Fixed finger gently curved, with four or five small, retroconical teeth along the distal one- half of the inner margin; lamina exterior wide and con- spicuous ; distal tooth of serrula interior ligulate and with finely serrate margin, next three more proximal teeth platyform and with serrate margins, other teeth modified to form a velum. Movable c7~eZiceraZ h e r a little curved, fairly slender; serrula exterior of 20 ligulate plates ; subapical lobe stout and with two rounded cusps ; apical tooth no more sclerotic than the rest of the finger; galeal seta inserted near the base of the subapical lobe and not reaching to the tip of the galea; galea (Fig. 1) stout, straight, and with three fairly stout and little- curved terminal and subterminal rami ; length of movable finger 0.2 mni.
Palps (Fig. 2) moderately stout; polished reddish brown in color ; investing setae long, acuminate, and fairly numerous ; surface smooth except for weakly developed granules on the sides of the maxilla+ on the trochanteral protuberances, on the central portion of the flexor surface of the femur, and along the distal half of the flexor surface of the chelal hand. Maxilla 0.44 mm. long, 0.28 mm. wide ; troclmnter 0.40 mm. long, 0.24 mm. wide; femur 0.71 mm. long', width 0.26 mm. ; tibia 0.71 nim. long, 0.31 mm. wide ; chela without pedicle 1.16 mm. long, 0.44 mm. wide ; chelal



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38 Psyche [Mar.
hand without pedicle 0.60 mm. long, 0.42 mm. deep. From the side, chelal hand (Fig. 3) stout, depth little less than the width; hand not much narrowed towards the fingers ; length of movable finger 0.62 mm.
Many marginal teeth
of chelal fingers broken but apparently about 45 conical and cuspid teeth distributed along nearly the entire mar- gin of each finger.
Legs moderately stout, yellow in color; set2 fine and acuminate, sparse on the proximal podomeres but longer and more numerous on the distal podomeres ; surfaces of pedal podomeyes apparently uns&lptured; tarsal claws stout. First leg with pars basalis deepest across the dis- tal end, length measured along the extensor margin 0.264 mm., depth 0.13 111111. ; pars tibialis stout, extensor margin flatly convex, flexor margin more convex, length measured along the extensor margin 0.22 mm., depth 0.143 mm.; tibia subcylindrical except in the proximal portion, length 0.30 mm., depth 0.103 mm. ; metatarsus subcylindrical, length 0.135 mm., depth 0.07 mm. ; telotarsus a little deeper proximally than distally, length 0.133 mm., depth 0.067 mm. Fourt7x Ieq with extensor margin of femur a little flatly convex inthe center, more convex near the ends; flexor margin of femur more weakly and evenly convex than the extensor margin; length of pars basalis 0.23 mm. ; length of pars tibialis measured along' the extensor margin 0.55 mm., depth 0.265 mm. ; length of entire femur 0.67 mm. ; tibia with extensor margin nearly straight
except at the proximal end, flexor margin weakly convex, length 0.50 mm., depth 0.14 mm. ; metatarsus subcylindri- cal, with a long tactile seta inserted very close to the proximal margin, length 0.20 mm., depth 0.095 mm. ; telo- tarsus subcvlindrical, length 0.17 mm., depth 0.078 mm. Genital complex very simple;
operculum or
third sternite with four setae. One median and two lateral cribiform plates, all small and subequal in size. Type locality.
The female holotype collected by Mr.
G. Archey on Tera Kihi Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zea- land, on October 25,1924.
Remarks. A single species of Olpium, 0. mickaelsoni Tullgren, 1909, has been reported previously from the



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19471 Pse udoscorpions 39'
, Australian region. From the description given by Cham- berlin (1930), it is evident that zealandienszs differs from michaelsoni by having much stouter palpal podomeres. By comparing the palp of zealandiensis with the figure ~iven by Beier (1932, fig. 210) for the palp of michaelsoni, &
it may be seen that a number of slight differences exist between the two forms with respect to the shape of the palpal podomeres. Olpium zealandiensis may be readily separated from other species of the genus by character- istics of the palpal podomeres.
Genus Xenolpium Chaniberlin 1930
Xenolpium granulosum sp. nov.
Figures 4-6
Female. Body elongate ; length 4.65 mm. Carapace light brown in color; posterior margin nearly straight, anterior margin weakly bilobed, lateral margins very weakly convex to straight behind the eyes ; posterior mar- gin with two setae, each placed some distance anterior to the actual margin; anterior margin with four setse; eyes prominent ; anterior eye separated from the anterior cara- pacal margin by more than the diameter of the eye, eyes of each pair separated by about one-half the diameter of the eye; carapace smooth except for netlike markings along the side and weakly developed granules behind the eyes ; length of carapace 1.08 111n1. ; posterior and greatest width about 0.9 nim. ; ocular width 0.5 mm. Abdomen much wider than carapace ; lateral margins gently con- vex; length 3.55 mm., greatest width 1.9 mm. Tergites light brown in color, surface virtually smooth; first ter- gite with four setae, central tergites with six to eight setae; all tergites undivided. Sternites smooth, light brown in color; most sternites with eight, some with six or 10 marginal setae.
C7zelicera moderately deep brown in color; base fairly stout and marked by a few netlike lines on the exterior surface ; all setae lo11g- and acuminate ; flagellum of four stout blades, each with an almost smooth margin; cheli- cera 0.29 mm. long, base 0.175 mm. wide. Fixed finger with wide and evenly convex lamina exterior ; distal one-



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40 Psyche [Mar.
half of inner margin with five or six retroconical teeth, two other teeth in the inner margin of the apical tooth; terminal plate of serrula interior spinelike, the next three conical, others fused into a velum, all teeth with entire margins. Movable finqer fairly stout, a little curved; subapical lobe much smaller than the apical tooth and located very close to the latter; serrula exterior of about 20 ligulate plates (exact count prevented by broken plates) ; galea (Fig. 4) trifid near base, each branch sim- ple and fingerlike ; galeal seta fairly stout and not reach- ing to the tip of the galea; movable finger 0.26 mm. long. Palps (Fig. 5) moderately stout, deep reddish brown in color; setae acuminate; surface of podomeres very weakly granular, with the granules minute and hardly discernible on the extensor surfaces of all podomeres except the trochanter; chelal fingers with surface smooth. Maxilla 0.54 mm. long, 0.38 mm. wide; trochanter with conical extensor protuberance and a more rounded sub- dorsal one, granules of the extensor side confined to the protuberances ; length of trochanter 0.54 nun., width 0.31 mm. ; femur 0.88 mm. long, 0.35 111111. wide ; tibia 0.92 mm. long', with 0.37 mm. Chela from the dorsad with hand stout, fingers gently curved and well separated from the hand; chela without pedicle 1.58 mm. long, 0.55 111111. wide ; chelal hand exclusive of the pedicle 0.85 mm. long, 0.49 mm. deep; movable finger 0.8 111111. long. From the side, chelal hand (Fig. 6) subcylindrical ; basal margin ~-ounded and blended into the dorsal and ventral margins without interruption; fingers fairly slender; each finger with about 60 marginal teeth distributed along almost the entire finger margin; teeth of the distal portion of each row retroconical and with well-developed cusps, those of the proximal end of each row rounded and acuspid. The legs deep yellow in color ; fairly stout ; surface ap- parently not sculptured ; setae long and acuminate, more numerous 011 the distal than 011 the proximal podon~e~es; tarsal claws stout. First leg with femoral parts stout, margins of pars basalis flatly convex, margins of pars tibialis more rounded; length of pars basalis measured along the extensor margin 0.285 mni., depth 0.185 nini.;



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pars tibialis nieasured along the extensor margin 0.30 mm. long, 0.182 mm. deep; tibia with extensor margin nearly straight except at the proximal end, weakly convex on the flexor margin, pedicle not developed, length 0.375 mm., depth 0.118 mm. ; metatarsus subcylindrical but a little narrowed distally, length 0.16 nim., depth 0.083 mm. ; telotarsus like the metatarsus in shape but somewhat more slender, length 0.16 mni., depth 0.067 mm. Fourth leg with subtriangular pars basalis, length 0.315 mm., depth 0.20 mm.; flexor margin of pars tibialis almost straight, extensor margin flatly convex with a distinct anguiation near the basal end, length measured along the extensor margin 0.78 mm., depth 0.335 nim. ; entire femur 0.93 mm. long; tibia and tarsal podomeres with shape much like the corresponding podomeres of the first leg; tibia 0.62 mm. long, 0.175 mm. deep ; metatarsus 0.245 mm. long, 0.115 mm. deep ; telotarsus 0.225 mm. long, 0.095 mm. deep; metatarsus with a tactile seta located 011 the exten- sor surface near the base of the podomere ; telotarsus with two tactile setae, one located 0.045 nim. and the other 0.125 mm. from the proximal margin.
Genita,l complex very simple.
Second sternite or an-
terior operculum with 11 small marginal setae; third sternite or posterior operculum with five marginal setse. Small median and lateral cribiform plates present. Type locality. The female holotype from Mullewa, Western Australia. Collection made by Dr. W. M. Wheeler on September 20, 1931.
Remarks. ~enolpium granulosum appears closely re- lated to 0. a~~zboi~ze~zsis Chamberlin, 1930, from the Dutch West Indies. The two species differ by the more slender chela, the basally less truncate chela1 hand, and the larger size of the body in 0. gra~~zdosum.
Family GARYPIDB Hansen 1894
Subfamily GARYPIN-E Simon 1879
Genus Galrypus L. Koch 1873
Garypus longidigitus sp. nov.
Figures 7, 8
Female.
Body large, stout, 4.4 nim. long; appendages long and slender. Carapace light brown in color; surface



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42 Psyche [Mar.
granular and marked by netlike lines; anterior margin bilobed, lateral margins weakly convex; eyes large, the eyes of one side separated by less than one ocular diame- ter; eyes removed from the anterior carapacal margin by between two and three ocular diameters ; transverse furrows weakly developed; setae scattered, fairly numer- ous; length of carapace 1.28 mm., greatest width pos- teriorly and equal to 1.1 nim., ocular width 0.7 mm. Ab- domen oval-elongate, length 3.1 mm., width about 1.9 mm. Tergites 2 to 10 divided; surface sculptured as on the carapace ; brown in color ; setae weak and short ; first ter- gite with 10 setae, half-termites of central and posterior part of body with six or seven setae along the posterior margin and two or three setae along the lateral margin; intertergal membranes and median membranes between half-terarfces continuous, wide, and marked by wavy stria- tions. termites 4 to 10 divided; very lightly pigmented, especially anteriorly; sculpturing scalelike or netlike and much more weakly developed than on the tergites; setae short, fine, more or less similar in number and ar- rangement to those of the tergites; intersternal mem- branes like those of the tergites. Pleural membranes wide, marked by rugose or papillose striations. Stig- mata placed entirely in the pleural membranes and not on the sclerotic sternal halves.
Ctielicer-a fairly sout, yellowish brown in color; length 0.36 mm., width of base about 0.215 nim. Base quadrate ; inner margin with a deep sinuation between the base and the fixed finger; setae is, Is, and sb located on the promixal half of the fixed finger; dorsal surface of base weakly sculptured by netlike lines. Flagellum with three stout and much flattened blades ; the posterior blade two-thirds as long as the anterior one, the central blade intermediate in length; each blade denticulate, with the teeth long, slender, irregular in distribution and length, and confined to the distal two-thirds of each blade. Fixed finger verv convex, with well-rounded lamina exterior ; apical tooth very dark brown and sclerotic, with two small denticles on the inner surface; inner margin of finger with one or two stout, sclerotic, retroconical distal teeth followed



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proximally by three to five weaker,
conical teeth becoming progressively
tal plate of serrula interior smnelike
non-sclerotic, retro-
smaller in size ; dis-
and directed anteri-
orly.
Movable finger gently curved ; apical tooth acute, darkly pigmented, and sclerotic ; subapical lobe subdi- vided distally into two acute teeth ; galeal seta inserted at the level of the subapical lobe and not reaching to the tip of the galea; serrula exterior partly broken but probably composed of about 25 ligulate plates; galea stout, fairly straight, with six slender and gently curved simple ranii confined to the distal one-third; length of movable cheli- ceral finger about 0.31 mm.
Pulps (Fig. 7) slender; yellowish brown except chela reddish brown; surface of podomeres except the chela1 fingers marked by netlike lines and granulations; setae fairly numerous, short, acute, slightly curved, and incon- spicuous. Maxilla 0.78 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide ; trochanter 0.65 mm. long, 0.38 mm. wide ; femur 1.65 mm. long, 0.318 mm. wide ; tibia 1.38 mm. long, 0.35 mm. wide ; chela without pedicle 2.65 mm. long, 0.65 mm. wide ; depth of chela 0.59 mm., length of hand without pedicle 1.1 mm. ; length of movable finger 1.65 nim. Shape of chela from the side and the arrangement of tactile setae as shown in figure 8. Marginal teeth of chela1 fingers cuspid, ar- ranged along the entire finger margin; about 85 teeth on the fixed finger, about 70 teeth on the movable finger; teeth near each end of the row on each finger more or less conical, those of the center of the row on the fixed finger retroconical, those of the center of the row of the movable finger retroconical to much flattened so that they are much less acute than the opposing teeth of the fixed finger. Legs very slender ; deep yellow in color ; surface marked by netlike lines ; setae like those of the palpi, except longer and more numerous on the flexor surfaces of the tibia1 and tarsal podomeres. First leg with stout trochanter, 0.33 rnm. lone, 0.235 mm. deep ; pa-rs basalis slender, flexor margin nearly straight, ext,ensor margin convex in the center, podoniere deepest near the distal end, length mea- sured along the extensor margin 0.62 nim., depth 0.185 mm. ; pars tibialis subcylindrical, length measured along



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44 Psyche [Mar.
the extensor margin 0.39 mm., depth 0.18 mm.; tibia with extensor margin convex, flexor margin concave, deepest at the distal end, length 0.57 nim., depth 0.135 mm. ; meta- tarsus subcylindrical in shape, length 0.38 mm., depth 0.105 mm. ; telotarsus 0.345 mm. long, 0.1 mm. deep. Fourth leg with trochanter 0.55 mm. long, 0.24 mm. deep; pars basalis subtriangular in outline, 0.395 nun. long, 0.215 mm. deep; pars tibialis with very weakly convex flexor margin continuous with the margin of the pars basalis, extensor margin weakly to flatly convex but a little more convex basally than distally, lengtli measured along the extensor margin 0.995 mm., depth 0.275 mm. ; entire femur 1.25 mm. long; tibia shaped as in the first leg but much more slender, length 0.98 mm., depth 0.15 mm.; meta- tarsus subcylindrical but a little narrower across the dis- tal than the proximal end, length 0.48 mm., depth 0.13 mm.; telotarsus 0.38 mm. long, 0.12 mm. deep. Genital complex simple ; anterior operculuni with 17 setse, many of which are arranged in a row along the pos- terior margin; posterior operculum or third sternite with eight setae forming a single row; lateral cribiforin plates smaller than the somewhat fragmented median plate. Type locality.
Weier, Murray Islands, Torres Strait,
Queensland.
Collection made by H. L. Clark on October 4, 1913.
Unfortunately, no ecological data accompany the single individual (holotype) in the collection. Remarks.
This is the first record of the genus Garwiis L. Koch from the Australian region and its occurrence fulfills a prophecy made by Chamberlin (1934) that the genus should be present in Oceania.
Garypus longidigitus is readily separated from other species of the genus by the characteristics, especially the length : width ratios, of the palpal prodomeres. The very long and slender chela1 fingers are among the most sig- nificant of the diagnostic features.
Genus Synspliyronns Cl~ambe~lin 1930
Synspliyronus + Maorigarypvs Cliamberlin, 1930, Arm. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 5: 616, 617. Synsphyronus+Maoriga~pz~s Chamberlin, 1931, Stan-



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ford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Biol. Sci., 7 (1) : 135, 153, 155, 208, 215, 228 (figs.).
Synsp71yronns Chamberlin + Synsphyronidce Beier -+ Maorigaryptis Chamberlin, Beier, 1932, Das Tierreich, 57: 226, 238.
Synsptiyronus emend., Chamberlin, 1943, Ann. Ent. Soc. Anier., 36: 488, 489.
Genus emendatas. On studying in detail the new spe- cies described below, it becomes obvious that the species belong to the genus Synsp71y-omis in spite of the presence of seven, instead of eight or nine, tactile setae on the fixed finger of the palpal chela. Since Chamberlin (1943) has shown that the variable number of tactile setae is not a useful diagnostic character in this genus, there is no justi- fication for the erection of a new genus. As a result, the genus Synsptzyronus is hereby emended to include forms that have seven to nine tactile setae on the fixed chelal finger.
The presence of seven set= on the fixed chelal finger indicates relationship to the genus Anagarypus Cham- berlin, 1930. However, the nature of the vestitural setae of the palps and the position of tactile seta est of the fixed chelal finger preclude assignment of the present three species to the genus Anagarymis.
Synsphyronus (Maorigarypus) niger sp. nov. Figures 9,10
Male.
Body, legs, and chelicerae brown in color ; palpi dark reddish brown ; sculpturing of body and appendages as in the genus ; length of body 3.6 mm. Carapace as in the genus ; eyes of each side separated by about the lesser diameter of the anterior eve; carapacal furrows not evi- dent; posterior margin with four setae; length of carapace 1 mm., greatest width across the posterior margin and equal to 1.1 mm., ocular width about 0.6 mm. Tergite 1 with six setse; each half of tergite 2 and tergite 3 with three setae, more posterior tergites with four or five setae on each half ; tergal setae subclavate to clavate. -Sternites with setae acuminate to terminally truncate; setae similar to those of the tergites in number and arrangement; con-



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46 Psyche [Mar.
tral sternites not divided, anterior and posterior ones divided. Abdomen stout, 2.6 mni. long, about 1.85 nm. wide.
Chelicera with cliaetotaxy and flagellum as in the genus ; length of chelicera 0.25 mm., width of base about 0.16 mni. Inner margin of fixed finger with three or four ~=etroconical teeth, inner margin of apical tooth of fixed finger with two small denticles. Movable cheliceral finger a little curved; subapical lobe very near the base of the apical tooth ; serrula exterior of 18 ligulate plates ; galea relatively short, simple, stout, terminally rounded and without rami; length of movable finger 0.19 mm.