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Psyche 5:241-249, 1888.

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August-December 1889.1 PSYCHE. 241
emis. Still others, while but little more widely differentiated are considered as
distinct species ; there are many of these but a few will answer for illustration,
Burygaster alternatus and E. mau-
rus, Neottiglossa data and N. in-
flexa, Triphleps i~~sidIosus and T.
eer, Cixi'us ^>hiand C. stigmaticus,
and Deltocephahs debilis and D. ub-
dominalis. The first series may probably have been introduced from one faunal
region to another, but the two latter
series naturally lead us to look back to a common preglacial ancestor whose
descendants in the second series have,
in accon~odating themselves to their
changing environments, undergone a
similar modification in the different re- gions, or have exhibited greater stability in resisting these changes. In the third series the change has been a little-
sometimes only a very little-more per-
ceptable.
In Psyches. 5. p. 211-214, Mr. C.
W. Woodworth, in an interesting and
instructive paper on the genera of the
North American typhlocybini, says he
has not recognized a single European
species of the group from this country ; he seems to have been unaware of the
fact that Kybos smaragdulus occurs not
only throughout the northern states and
Canada but even as far west as Califor-
nia from whence I have recently receiv-
ed examples from Mr. Coquillett.
SYNOPSIS OF THE ODONATA OF NORTH AMERICA. No. I. BY HERMANN AUGUST HAGEN, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Since 1861, when my Synopsis was
published by the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, I have, of course, studied these
Odonata, The specimens described in
my first work were never less than
three years old, mostly over twenty,
some nearly sixty.
During my resi-
dence here I have always tried to com-
pare fresh specimens, and if possible to describe living ones. There are very
few of which the old types could not be
studied again with new specimens. Of
the species described since 1861 I have
seen the types or had sufficient informa- tion by the authors themselves.
The
localities are given here always as com- plete and detailed as possible.
Eyes distant ; antennae four-jointed ;
wings equal ; abdomen cylindrical,
slender ; accessory male-genitals with
the anterior hamulus connate ; penis and vesicula separated ; female genitals
vaginate.
SUB-FAMILY. CALOPTERYGMA.
Antecubital veins numerous.
CALOPTERYX LEACH.
Wings broad, densely reticulated;
pterostigma absent in the male ; in the
female absent, or very small, or irreg-
ular, areolate ; basal space without
transverse veins ; quadrangular space




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242 PSYCHE. [August-December 1889.
straight ; legs long, densely spinose ;
appendages of tlie male forcipate, of
the same shape in all species.
I have given a preliminary notice on
the previous stages, Coinpt. rend.
soc.
ent. Beige., 1880, May T ; the figures
are not yet published.
Larvae slender, elongate ; the basal
joint of the antennae very strong and
twice as long as the other six together ; mask elongate, narrow, very dilated on
tip, split en losange far beyond the
, base of the palpi ; occiput on each side with a prominent spine ; legs long,
slender, abdomen on tip with three flat
, pointed gills, the intermediate shorter ; there are rectal gills, and
stigmata as
conirnonly.
The genus Calopteryx largely repre-
sented in the northern boreal and temper- ate zone nowhere passes to the south
beyond the 30th degree. The excellent
study of De Selys has shown that the
species are few, but the varieties and
races rather numerous. For the old
world three species : C. viryo, C. sjlen. dens and C. haemo~ho/da/is live in
Europe and on the northern border of
Africa.
The first two are to be found
also in the northern and western parts
of Asia. For the eastern part of Asia
and Japan, three species are known,
C. atrafa, C. coynelia and C. g~and-
aeva. None of these species are found
in the new world. De Selys (Odonates
de 1'Asie mineure, 1887. Ann. soc.
entom. Belg.) has given a splendid
study of Caloptwyx. The important
race Corie~ztaIis Selys, p. p, he con-
siders as proving that C. syriaca is a
race of C. sflendens, the more so as
some large males Synop. 3 Add., p 7.
seem to support this opinion.
He was
sorry to have seen only the male.
Mr.
E. Eichwald (Reise auf dem kaspisclien
meere, 1837, I-. 2, p. 272) has
described the female. In Lakwish Min-
grelia he saw many Odonata metallic
blue and metallic green.
He believed
the latter to be a new species, Agrion
colchicius (sic !) aeneo viridis, thorace altiore, sulcis inter areas aeneo-virides nigris notato, inferne nebuloso-coerulea, trunco superne aeneo-viridi, ultimis seg- mentis minimis tuimidioi-ibus, flavidis ; alis omnibus aequalibus, medio posticis
dilatatis, apicibus rotundatis, aenea vi- ridi-nigrescentibus, omnibus antice
macula marginal! nivea notatis ; pedibus igris subtus nebuloso-coeruleis, an-
tice longis setis piliformibus instructis ; venis alarum parvis (cf Stettin. ent.
zeitung, 1856, p. 365).
GROUP I.
Wings narrow ; the hind
margin parallel to the front margin.
( Syl'his Hagen.)
Sylphis angust/$ennis, male. Selys
Monogr. Cal. 21,2 ; Synops. Cal. 9,2 ;
4 Add. 6,1. - Walker Catal. Br.
mus. 590,~ - Hagen Syn. Neur. N.
A. 56,1 ; Stett. ent. zeitung, v. 24,
372,24. Proc. Bost. soc. nat, hist. v.
16, 363,51 (tlie two last on Abbot's
figure) ; Syn. Odon. N. A. 20,1 -
McLachlan Ent. 1110. inag. I-. 10, 227
female, Abbot's type.
Sylphis elegans; female. Selys Mon-
ogr. Cal. 20,1 ; pi. 2, f. I ; Synops.




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August-December rSSg.1 PSYCHE.
Cal. g,~ ; Walker Catal. Br. mus. 590, I. Male (adult ?) ; known only by short
diagnosis made in 185 I by De Selys and
by Abbot's figure, both compared by
myself and declared to be similar to the female described as S. eleyans. Brassy
green, labrum and labium and the
second joint of the antennae pale yellow, two sharp tubercles behind the occiput ; legs very long, spines short, black ; ap- pendages similar to C. virg-o ; wings
very narrow, pointed, the hind wings
eight mm. broad ; hyaline, pale greenish, probably also the reticulation ; sector
principal partly connected with the
mediana ; 29 antecubitals.
Female, semi-adult ; metallic green ;
labium pale, labrum pale yellow, a
little black in the middle of the margin ; epistoma metallic green in the middle ;
sides of the mouth pale yellow
head metallic green above, with a
yellow spot before the ocelli ; second
and third joint yellow, of nearly equal
length ; tubercle on the occiput sharp ; colors of the thorax not finished : dorsuim metallic green in the middle, reddish-
brown to the humeral suture, which is
fine ' and yellow ; mesothoracic crista
black ; sides metallic blue between two
lateral yellow bands ; below and around
the legs yellow ;' axillary callus steel- blue ; legs brown, darker to the knees,
thin and very long, the hind legs
26 mm. reaching nearly to the
end of the fifth abdominal segment ;
spines shorter and not so frequent as
commonly ; wings long, a little pointed
on tip, narrow; front wings, 74 mm.
broad on the nodus ; hind wings 6& mm.
a little yellowish ; reticulation pale red- dish ; costa steel-blue ; 30 antecubitals ; 8 in quadrangular space ; sector princi- pal very near to the inediana, but not
entirely connected ; everywhere only
one series of cells between two veins ;
no pterostigma ; abdomen metallic
green, below blackish ;
only the five
basal segments retained.
Female, adult. Brassy green, shin-
ing ; labium yellow, blackish in middle ; labruin yellow ; middle of front-margin
finely black,
also an impressed basal
spot ; head and epistoma brassy green ;
second joint of antenna yellow ; thorax
brassy green ; crista black ; humeral
suture finely yellow ; sides brassy green after the second suture, between the legs, and below dull yellowish ; legs black ;
wings long, a little broader, front wings g mm., hind wings 8 mm.
broad near
the nodus ; apex more rounded ; a little yellowish, more colored at the base ;
reticulation black ; costa and axillary
callus brassy green ; 25 antecubitals ;
6 to 5 in quadrangular space ; sector
principal entirely connected with medi-
ana shortly after its origin ; no pteros- tigima ; abdomen brassy green, black
below ; last segments darker brassy,
with a white longitudinal band on the
three apical ones, broader on the penul- timate, smaller on the segment before
and on the last, ending on the apical
carina ; appendages yellow, sharp ;
sides of last segments and valves yellow, with black palpus.
Male. Female,. Female, adult.
Length, 67 52
Abdomen, 56 43
56
43
Exp. al.. å´\
7 8 7 8




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PSYCHE. [August-December 1889.
HAB. Briar Creek, Georgia, rare,
April 18, Abbot ; male type in the
Brit. mus. (figured) ; female Dublin
Mus. r. soc. (not seen by me) ; female
type of S. elegans out of Berlin rnus.,
bought by me, 1835, with the label
written by Count Hoffnlansegg, "patria
ignota." There was in 1845 no other
specimen in the Berlin mus. Female
adult Bee Spring, Kentucky, June, by
Frank G. Sanborn ; both females now
in the Cambridge (rnus.).
The insufficient material leaves this
species doubtful. De Selys and myself
have studied the male type in the Brit-
ish museum, and McLachlan the fe-
male in Dublin, which he declares to
belong to C. angust@ennis. The fe-
male of S. elegans is rather young.
The character formerly urged by De
Selys that the principal sector is con-
nected with the mediana in S. angusti-
pennis, and separated in S. elegans
has been recognized as not so striking.
The male type shows the sector very
near but separated from the mediana ;
but male and female are probably both
young specimens. The female adult
from Kentucky has the sector principal
connected with the mecliana.
This fe-
male has the wings a little broader.
The difference of this female from C.
amata is shown by the lack of the
pterostigma, by the yellow appendages,
black in C. amata, and the white band
on the last three segments. The clif-
ferences of the female S. elegans may
be considered as belonging to its younger age. With our actual knowledge of
Calopteryx of the whole world there is
no doubt that 5'. elegans is a North
American species.
2. CALOPTERYX AMATA Hagen, nov.
spec.
Male, brassy blue ; head bronze,
brassy green near occiput, which has on
each side a sharp tubercle ; epistoma
bronze ; second joint of antenna yellow ; labrum yellow, a basal spot and margin
around black ; labium yellow, middle
part black ; thorax brassy blue ; dorsal crista black, sides brassy green ;
around the coxae yellow ; a small band
below on the first suture and another
along the ventral border yellow ; legs
long, black ; hind tibia I I mm. ; abdo- men brassy blue, below black ; appen-
dages of the typical shape, black ; the
inferiors below at the base reddish ;
wings narrow, g mm. broad at the
nodus, with a yellowish tinge, stronger
at the base ; costa and axillary callus
steel-blue, reticulation black, not very dense ; no pterostigma ; hind wings
brown on the tip for the fourth part of
their length, the internal border of the brown straight but not well defined ;
the tip of the brown spot sometimes
brighter ; antecubitals about 30 ; in the quadrangular space 3 to 5.
Female, brassy green ; head similar
but the yellow labium only with a tri-
angular black basal spot, ending on the
beginning of the split ; thorax brassy
green ; dorsal crista black, the humeral suture fine yellow ; the yellow color be- low and around the legs more advanced ;
the band on the first suture longer ; the ventral band broader ; legs as in the
male ; abdomen brassy green, black be-




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August -December 1889.1
PLY X'H22 .
low ; last segments darker brassy, with a broad, dorsal, yellowish white, median
band on the penultimate segment, and a
narrower one on the last, which ends
on the sharp apical carina ; appendages
black, sharp ; sides of last segments and valves yellow, with a black palpus ;
wings similar, with a more yellowish
tinge ; a very small yellow pterostigma, a little dilated in middle, variable in
size, covering two to five cells, some-
times with transversal ; between one
and two mm. long, or less.
Male Fema Ze
Length, 55 48
Abdomen, 45 3 8
Exp. a]., 75 75
HAB. Dublin, New Hampshire, near
Thorndike pond, 1300 ft. above sea
level, 2 females, June 18, 1887, and 4
males and 2 females June 22, 1889,
by Mr. Louis Cabot.
The hind wings with brown apical
color, and the yellow pterostigma of all females are good characters for C.
Calo$teryx dimidiata Burm. Handb.
v. 2, 826,16 ikm. Selys Monogr. Cal.
q,4. - Syn. Cal. IO,~. - Walker,
Catal. Br. inus. 5g1,4. - Hagen, Syn.
Neur. N. A. 56,1 ; Stett. ent. zeitung, v. 24, 272,25 ; Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist. v. 16, 364,52 (both on Abbot's figure).
Calofleyyx cognata Ramb. Neur.
222,6 female.
Calo$tey syriacci Rainb. Neur;
zz3,g note, male.
Male, metallic blue, on thorax and
end of abdomen changing partly to
green
245
; labium, head below and an-
tennae black ; labrnm and epistoma
metallic blue, shining ; tubercle on
occiput sharp ; crista of the thorax, all sutures and below black ; legs black ;
abdomen black below; appendages of
the typical shape, black ; wings narrow, hyaline with light yellowish tinge, the
apical part black, with the inner border of the black straight ; reticulation
black, costa steel blue ; front wings 22 to 27 antecubitals ; in the quadrangular space 6 to 8.
Female adult, metallic green, head
and prothorax sometimes changing to
blue ; colors as on the male ; thorax
more evident in younger specimens
with the second suture and the ventral
border and below yellowish ; legs and
the more numerous spines black ; hind
legs reaching to the beginning of the
fourth segment ; abdomen very slender,
metallic green, last segment dark ; be-
low entirely black , appendages black ;
the lateral border below the appendages
with 4 to 5 small teeth ; wings hyaline, very slightly yellowish ; apex of hind
wings brown in the last quarter, the
inner margin straight ; apex of front
wings brownish, not so well defined ;
pterostigma large, white, dilated in mid- dle, crossed by some transversals ; re-
ticulation black ; the costa and axillary callus steel blue ; the sinus before the wing-base with the posterior border
straight ; 20 to 25 antecubitals ;
quad-
rangular space 4 to 6 transversals.
The young females have the wings
hyaline, with a little yellowish tinge,
not brown on tips, except a light




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216 2's YCHE. [August -December ~å£89
brownish shade on hind wings.
M(z Ze Female
Length, 50 38-45
Abdomen, 38 31-38
Alar. exp., 58 57 -64
HAB. Kentucky, Burmeister's type ;
Georgia, Abbot, 25 April, a couple in
the collection of Escher Zollikofer in
~8rich ; H. K. Monkon, both sexes,
many specimens. Palatka, St. John's
River, March, 0. Sacken, and Appa-
lachicola, Florida, R. Thaxter.
Calo~teryx apicalis Burin. Hdb. v.
2, 2~7~8. Selys Monogr. Cal. 23,3 ;
Synops. Cal. 9,s. Walk. Catal. Br.
inus. ~ , 3 . Hagen Synop. h. N.
A. 56,2 ; Synops. Odon. N. A. 2 1,2.
The smallest known species ;
nearly
related to C. dinzidiata but smaller and more slender ; male metallic green or
blue ; labium, head below black ; la-
brum, epistoina, second joint of antenna brassy green or blue ; tubercles on oc-
ciput very sharp ; thorax metallic
green or blue, also the parts near abdo- men ; all sutures black ; thorax below
yellowish ; legs black, hind legs reach- ing to the fourth segment ; abdomen
metallic-blue and green ; below black ;
'
appendages black, similar to C. dimid-
iata ; wings narrow, 7 mm. broad,
hyaline, the sixth part of the apex
black, with inner border straight ; re-
ticulation black, costa steel blue ;
an-
tecnbitals 18 to 23 ; quadrangular space 4 to 6 transversals ; sinus before the
wings with the posterior border sinu-
Female similar to the male, brassy
green ; second suture of thorax and the
abdominal border, and below yellow ;
apical segment of the abdomen below
with two teeth on the border ; wings
hyaline without pterostigina or with a
very small white one, filling one cell, or a little dilated in three cells ; reticula- tion black, costa steel-blue.
Male Female
Length, 43-45 43
Abdomen, 35-37 3 2
Exp. alar., 5 7 5 7
HAB. Burineister's types from Phila-
delphia, Pa. ; two males, one female
without pterostigina ; a couple from