H. H. Ross.
Lectotypes of North American Caddis Flies in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Psyche 45:1-61, 1938.

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PSYCHE
VOL. XLV MARCH, 1938 No. 1
LECTOTYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN CADDIS FLIES IN THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY1
Illinois State Natural History ' Survey, Urbana, Illinois
Few species of caddis flies described by Hagen and Banks have had lectotypes designated for them. In a few cases the type series of one species contains representatives of more than one species, a condition which has led to confusion of names due to different interpretations made by different authors. The only way to obviate further repetition of this is to place on a single type basis (by lectotype designations) all those species described from a series of eotypes. This paper sets lectotypes for 229 species, all the lectotypes being in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The method followed in selecting the single type specimens has taken into account very little work done by other au- thors, since a large number of the species represent segre- gations seldom recognized by others. Furthermore both Hagen and Banks used a labelling system which left no doubt as to which specimen they considered the real type. Hagen placed his label on only one specimen and marked it with an asterisk if it were a type or plesiotype in the sense of present usage. Other specimens in the series were simply placed in 1A grant from the travel fund of the Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois, made it possible for me to visit the Museum of Comparative Zoology and make these studies. I wish to acknowl- edge my gratitude and appreciation to the Survey for this grant. Pachc 45:l-61 11938). http //psychr enlclub.me/-IS/45-001 him)



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a row after the first labelled specimen; undoubtedly some specimens which are not actually types were put in these series at the same time or subsequently, either by Hagen himself or inadvertantly by others. In selecting lectotypes of Hagen's species the specimen labelled by Hagen has been taken in each case. Lectotypes have been designated for all the species from North America described by Hagen unless they have been previously set in literature, even if only rep- resented in the collection by a single individual. This is done because of the possibility of specimens appearing in other collections which might erroneously be considered as types.
There is a possibility that some specimens designated as lectoallotypes have not been correctly associated with the lectotypes, that is, do not represent the opposite sex of the same species as the lectotypes.
In a very high proportion of
the North American caddis fly species it is impossible, with our present studies, to separate the females of closely re- lated forms, so that we have to rely to an inordinate extent on collection data as a basis for association. All the specimens mentioned as "allotype" represent des- ignations made for the first time in this paper. In the Banks collection the specimens listed without de- finite collector from the eastern states were taken by Banks himself, except in a few cases.
Banks' species have his own label on the first specimen and simply a "TYPE" label on the others. The first specimen with the label has been taken as the lectotype, a procedure which Mr. Banks has requested and which seems perfectly logical.
In rare cases when these first specimens have been females and the cotype series contained males, an exception to the foregoing procedure has been instituted and a male selected as the lectotype.
No attempt has been made to analyze any of the cotype series except the lectotypes, the remainder automatically becoming paratypes. Such a study would have little signifi- cance since the paratypes will have only historic and minor taxonomic interest. Furthermore so many of the specimens have been sent in exchanges, etc., to institutions in widely



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19381 North America,n Caddie Flies 3
scattered countries that it has been impossible for me to gather the necessary information.
The species treated are listed within each family alpha- betically according first to genus and then to species. Many of the species have been transferred from genus to genus several times. In attempting to find some method which would be easy to follow and at the same time show the generic placement, I am using the following double entry when a change has been made. If a species is placed in a genus other than the one in which it was described, it is listed both under the genus in which it was originally de- scribed and under the genus in which I am placing it. For example, Hydropsyche sordida Hagen is now placed in the genus Cheumatopsyche. Therefore, it is listed under both Hydropsyche sordida in the h's and under Cheumatopsyche sordida. Under the former, note is made of the genus in which it is placed.
Professor Nathan Banks, Curator of insects at the Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, and Professor F. M. Carpenter of the Division of Biology, Harvard University, have been of inestimable help during the course of this work in giving information and advice, in placing at my disposal study facil- ities and equipment, and in the many courtesies accorded me during my visit to the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Dr. C. 0. Mohr, of the Illinois State Natural History Sur- vey, has made most of the drawings for this paper, and I wish to express my gratitude for this.
Family RHYACOPHILID2E
Agapetus malleatus Banks, 1914, p. 202, fig. 57. Lectotype, male.-Los Angeles County, California, San Gabriel Mts., 3000 ft., June 17, 1907, F. Grinnell, Jr. No. 11723. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data. The genitalia of the lectotype are shown in fig. 1. Baerea? maculata Hagen.-see Protoptila maculata ( Hagen) Glossosoma nigrior Banks.-see Mystrophora nigrior (Banks)
Glossosoma parvulum Banks, 1904a, p. 108, fig. 13. Lectotype, male.-Pecos, New Mexico, August 10, at



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light. No. 11748. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data, but August 13.
The genitalia of a homotype are shown in fig. 2. Mystrophora lividum (Hagen), 1861, p. 295 (Tinodes) . Lectotype, female.-St. Lawrence River, Canada, Osten Sacken. No. 11081.
Milne has determined the male of this species as that illustrated by Betten as Mystrophora sp. (1934, pi. 9, figs. 15-17).
Mystrophora nigrior (Banks), 1911, p. 355, fig. 23. ( Glossosoma)
Lectotype, male.-Black Mountain, North Carolina, north fork Swannanoa River, May. No. 11745. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data.
At present there appear to be two valid species in this genus, the two illustrated by Betten (1934) as americana and Mystrophora sp. No good characters have been dis- covered as yet which separate the females of the two species, so that the exact status of the names americana Banks and Uvidum Hagen is problematic. It seems best at present to consider as nigrior the species treated as americana by most authors and illustrated by Betten (1934, pi. 8, figs. 4-6 and pi. 9, figs. 1-14), and to consider americana as an unidentified species.
Protoptila maculata (Hagen), 1861, p. 296. (Baerea?) Lectotype, male.-St. Lawrence River, Canada, 1859, Sacken. No. 11093. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data. This species has been illustrated by both Banks and Betten (1934).
Rhyacophila acropedes Banks, 1914, p. 201, fig. 39. Lectotype, male.-Deer creek, Provo Canon, Utah, Au- gust 21, Spalding. No. 11741.
This species is closely allied to coloradensis Banks, but differs in details of the male genitalia, fig. 6. Rhyacophila atrata Banks, 1911, p. 351.
Lectotype, male.-Black Mountain, North Carolina, north fork Swannanoa River, May. No. 11739. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data.
The genitalia of the type are shown in fig. 3.



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19381 North American Caddis Flies 5
Rhyacophila brunnea Banks, 1911, p. 252. Leetotype, f emale.-Beulah, New Mexico, July 16. No.
11735.
There is a series of males and females in the M. C. 2. from Cultus Lake, B. C., the females of which appear exactly like the lectotype of brunnea in color and external genitalia. A
male of this series has been selected as the allotype. It be- longs to the acropedes group, fig. 4, but is readily distin- guished by details of the genitalia.
Allotype, male.-Cultus Lake, British Columbia : May 18, 1933, W. E. Ricker.
Rhyacophila Carolina Banks, 1911, p. 353, fig. 31. Leetotype, male.-Black Mountain, North Carolina, north fork Swannanoa River, May. No. 11727. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data.
In addition to those in the original description, illustra- tions of the genitalia have been given by Betten (1934, pi. 5, figs. 4-7).
Rhyacophila coloradensis Banks, 19 05b, p. 10. Leetotype, male.-Fort Collins, Colorado. No. 11728. This species is close to bifila Banks, but is readily distin- guished by details of the genitalia, fig. 5. Rhyacophila fairchildi Banks, 1930a, p. 130, figs. 4, 7. Leetotype, male.-Baddeck, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, September 4, 1928. No. 16237. Lectoallotype, fe- male.-Same data.
The genitalia of the lectotype agree perfectly with the illustrations of glaberrima Ulmer and with the genitalia of the type of andrea Betten. There seems little doubt, there- fore,
that both fairchildi and andrea are synonyms of Ulmer's species, originally described from Georgia. Rhyacophila formosa Banks, 1911, p. 353. Leetotype, female.-Delaware Water Gap, New Jersey. No. 11078.
To date no male has been associated with this form, draw- ings of which are given by Milne (1936). Rhyacophila grandis Banks, 1911, p. 350, fig. 27. Leetotype, male.-Bon Accord, British Columbia, June 14. No. 11737. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data, but June 19.



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The genitalia of the lectotype are well exposed without clearing, including the apex of the side tubes on the sedeagus. They are identical with those of the homotype illustrated in fig. 8.
Rhyacophila hyalinata Banks, 1905b, p. 10. Lectotype, male.-South West Colorado, July 23, 1899. No. 11738.
The genitalia of the lectotype have been cleared and com- pared critically with those of the specimen illustrated in fig. 7.
Rhyacophila luctuosa Banks, 1911, p. 351, fig. 24. Lectotype, male.-Woodworth Lake, Fulton County, New York, June 23, 1910, Alexander. No. 11740. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data.
The male genitalia are shown in fig. 9.
The species is
listed as a synonym of invaria Walker by Banks (1930b). Rhyacophila minora Banks, 1924, p. 444, fig. 37. Lectotype, male.-White Mountains, New Hampshire, Morrison. No. 14857. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data. This species was described and illustrated by Betten (1934, p. 134, pi. 7, figs. 10, 11) as Rhyacophila sp. 1. Rhyacophila nevadensis Banks, 1924, p. 443, fig.' 53. Lectotype, male.-Reno, Nevada, Morrison, 1878. No. 14855. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data. Rhyacophila nigrita Banks, 1907a, p. 132, fig. 16. Lectotype, female.-Black Mountain, North Carolina, June. No. 11742.
The male of this species has been figured in considerable detail by Betten (1934, pi. 7, figs. 1-5). The allotype will have to be designated' from one of his specimens. Rhyacophila rotunda Banks, 1924, p. 443, fig. 33. Lectotype, male.-Reno, Nevada, 1878, Morrison. No. 14856. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data. Rhyacophila torva Hagen, 1861, p. 296.
Lectot ype, male.-Washington, D. C., Sacken. No. 11078. The genitalia of this species have been illustrated by Banks (1907a, p. 132, fig. 7) and Betten (1934, pi. 7, figs. 6-9).




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19381 North American Caddis Flies 7
Tinodes lividum Hagen.-see Mystrophora lividum (Hagen) Family PHILOPOTAMIDX
Chimarrha aterrima Hagen, 1861, p. 297.
Lectotype, male.-Mus. Berol. Penn. No. 11098. The male genitalia have been illustrated by Betten (1934, pi. 16, figs. 6-9).
Chimarrha femoralis (Banks), 1911, p. 358. ( Womaldia) .
Lectotype, male.-Sacandaga River, Sport Island, New York, June 27,1910. No. 11520.
This species is a synonym of soda Hagen. Betten has
figured the genitalia under the latter name (1934, pi. 16, fig. 13).
Chimarrha plutonis (Banks), 1911, p. 358, fig. 34. (Wor- maldia) .
Lectotype, male.-Delaware Water Gap. No. 11519. The male genitalia of this species have been illustrated by Betten under the name lucia Betten (1934, pi. 16, figs. 10-12).
Chimarrha texana Banks, 1920, p. 360.
Lectotype, female.-San Antonio, Texas, August, Snow. No. 10914.
To date no reliable characters have been found for sepa- rating the females of this genus, so that for the present this species must be considered of doubtful identity. Dolophiliella gabriella Banks.-see Dolophilus gabriella (Banks).
Dolophilus breviatus Banks, 1914, p. 254, fig. 61. Lectotype, male.-Ithaca, New York, in Coy Glen, August. No. 11518.
The male genitalia of this type are broader than those of moestus, but the study of additional specimens indicates that this difference may be only individual variation. Dolophilus gabriella (Banks), 1930b, p. 230, fig. 14. (Dolo- philiella) .
Lectotype, male.-San Gabriel Mountains, California, June 29. No. 16326.
The most distinctive feature of this species is the more or



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less spatulate process of the eighth sternite. Dolophilus major Banks, 1914, p. 254, fig. 66. Lectotype, male.-Black Mountain, North Carolina, May. No. 11517.
This is the largest eastern species in the family. Philopotamus aequalis Banks, 1924, p. 450, fig. 48. Lectotype, male.-Tolland, Colorado, Dodds. No. 14853. Lectoallotype, f emale.-Same data.
This western species is readily distinguished by its dark color and the male genitalia.
Philopotamus americanus Banks, 1895, p. 316. Lectotype, male.-New York. No. 11512.
Both Banks and Betten have given illustrations showing a difference between this species and distinctus Walker. While these differences do occur, I have found all inter- gradations between them in a study of specimens from Michigan, New York, North Carolina and Maryland. All collections which I have seen containing specimens of both sexes are alike in having the females with minute, vestigial wings. This evidence indicates that only one species is involved in this material.
Wormaldia femoralis Banks.-see Chimarrha femoralis (Banks).
Wormaldia plutonis Banks.-see Chimarrha plutonis (Banks).
Family HYDROPTILID2E
Agraylea fraterna Banks, 1907b, p. 164.
Lectotype, male.-Falls Church, Virginia, May 1. No. 11591.
This species is a synonym of multipunctata Curtis. Allotrichia flavida Banks, 1907b, p. 164. Lectotype, female.-Fort Collins, Colorado, June 9. No. 11593.
No males have yet been associated with this form, so that its exact placement cannot be given.
Allotrichia maculata Banks.-see Hydroptila macvlata (Banks).




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19381 North American Caddis Flies 9
Hydroptila albicornis Hagen, 1861, p. 275. Lectotype, male.-St. Lawrence River, Canada, Osten Sack,en. No. 11105.
This species is easily identified by the sedeagus and clasp- ers, fig. 10. Hagen says the type is a female, but he was evidently misled by the retracted condition of the genitalia. Hydroptila maculata (Banks), 1904b, p. 116, 3 figs. (Allotrichia) .
Lectotype, male.-Falls Church, Virginia. No. 11595.
The unique male genitalia, fig. 11, are approached only by waubesiana Betten, but many differences separate the two. Hydroptila tarsalis Hagen.-see Polytrichia tarsalis (Hagen).
Hydroptila transversa Banks, 1907b, p. 163. Lectotype, male.-Washington, D. C., September, at light. No. 11592.
This is a synonym of maculatus (Banks).
Orthotrichia americana Banks, 1904b, p. 116, 1 fig. Lectotype, male.-Washington, D. C., August 13. No. 11598. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data. Illustrations of the cleared male genitalia have been given by Morton, 1905, under the name brachiata, which falls as a synonym of americana Banks. The species americana of authors will take the name cristata Morton. Orthotrichia nigritta Banks, 1907b, p. 163, figs. 1-3. Lectotype, male.-Austen, Texas, March 3, 1901. No. 11596.
This striking, black species from the southwest is different in many respects from the usual definition of Orthotrichia and should be placed in a new genus.
Metrichia new genus
Characteristics.-Ocelli present, close to eye. Tibia1 spur count, 1-3-4; spur on front tibia apical and small. Wings, fig. 14, narrowing to a pointed apex. Front wings with Sc very stocky, and all the other veins well developed; Ml-2 almost fused with Rs; Cu & Cu2 running close to the hind margin of the wing. Hind wing with Rl apparently reduced



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10 Psyche [March
to a short "cross-vein", and MI-2 fused for a short distance with Rs.
Genotype.-Orthotrichia nigritta Banks (by original designation).
This genus keys out with Stactobia but differs from it in the position of Cu & Cu2, the shortening of Rl, and in other characters.
Orthotrichia pallida Banks.-see Oxyethira pallida (Banks) Orthotrichia pictipes Banks.-see Stactobia pictipes (Banks)
Oxyethira dorsalis Banks, 1904d, p. 216, pi. 2, fig. 5. Lectotype, f emale.-Falls Church, Virginia, June 26, No. 11600.
That portion of the type series which corresponds to the original description, especially in having the characteristic white line down the dorsum, contains only female specimens. Until the females and males of more species in the genus have been associated nothing can be done to settle the specific identity of this species.
Oxyethira pallida (Banks), 1904d, p. 215, pi. 2, figs. 2, 7. Lectotype, male.-Washington, D. C. No. 11599. Lecto- allotype, f emale.-Same data.
This species is the same as viminalis Morton, which now becomes a synonym of pallida.
Polytrichia tarsalis ( Hagen) , 1861, p. 275. (Hydroptila)
Lectotype, male.-St. Lawrence River, Canada, Osten Sacken. No. 11104.
This species has been illustrated by Betten (1934, pi. 12, figs. 11-14) under the name confusa Morton. Morton's species is not this one, but according to original figures be- longs to another section of the genus.
Stactobia pictipes (Banks), 1911, p. 359. Lectotype, male.-Johnstown, New York, June 28, Hale's Creek. No. 11597. Lectoallotype, female.-Same data. The spur of the front tibiae put this species in the hetero- geneous Stactobia.
The male genitalia are illustrated in
fig. 12. They are strikingly different from any other ~earctic species.




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19381 North American Caddis Flies
Family POLYCENTROPODIDB
Cernotina pallida (Banks), 1904d, p. 214. (Cyrnus) Leetotype, male.-High Island, Maryland, June 17. No. 11539.
This interesting species belongs in the subfamily Psy- chomyiin~.
The male genitalia are very distinctive, fig. 18. The only females in the M. C. Z. under this name do not belong to this species, so that as yet an allotype cannot be designated.
Cyrnus fraternus Banks.-see Nyctiophylax fraternus (Banks)
Cyrnus pallidus Banks.-see Cernotina pallida (Banks) Plectrocnemia albipuncta Banks.-see Pol ycentropw a1 bi- punctw (Banks)
Plectrocnemia aureola Banks? 1930a, p. 130, figs. 2, 3, 5. Lectotype, male.-Baddeck? Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, July 209 1928. No. 16323. Leetoallotype, female.- Same data.
Illustrations of the male genitalia are given in fig. 13. Plectocnemia cinerea (Hagen), 1861, p. 293. (Polycen- tropus)
Le~totype~ male.-St. Lawrence River, Canada, 1859? Osten Sacken. No. 11039. Lectoallotgpe, f emale.-Same data.
The genitalia of this species have been illustrated by Betten (1934, pl. 24, figs. 1-8) under the specific name canadensis Banks.
Plectrocnernia flavicornis (Banks), 1907b, p. 162, fig. I. (Holocentropus )
Lectotgpe, male.-Washington? D. C. No. 11526. This is a synonym of cinerea (Hagen).
Plectrocnemia paNescens Banks, 1930b9 p. 231, fig. 3. Lectotype? male.-Put-in-Bay, Ohio, July 3? 1924, on Middle Bass Island, G. Townsend. No. 16322. Lectoallo- type, female.-Same data, but July 6, 1926. The genitalia of this specimen appear identical with those