W. M. Wheeler.
New Ants from the Philippines.
Psyche 42:38-52, 1935.

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Psyche
[March
NEW ANTS FROM THE PHILIPPINES
Biological Laboratories, Harvard University The following species and subspecies are selected for de- scription on account of their unusual interest from sev- eral rich collections of Philippine ants received from Dr. J. W. Chapman, Dr. F. X. Williams, Dr. R. C. McGregor and others.
Metapone gracilis sp. nov.
Female. Length 7 mm.
Head suboblong, about two-fifths longer than broad, slightly broader in front than behind, with feebly concave sides and somewhat sinuate posterior border. Eyes large, rather flat, about one and one-half times as long as their distance from the anterior corners of the head. Anterior ocellus distinctly larger than those of the posterior pair. Mandibles convex, with oblique, coarsely and bluntly 5- toothed apical and straight external borders. Median por- tion of clypeus trapezoidal, flat, sloping, slightly narrowed in front, with straight sides, posterior suture slightly ar- cuate, not impressed, anterior border only slightly project- ing in the middle where it terminates in a pair of broad, blunt teeth. Frontal carinse subparallel behind, their an- terior lobes obtusely angular. Frontal groove distinct. An- tennal scapes flattened, nearly four times as long as broad; club of funiculi large, flat, much longer than the remaining joints together, the terminal joint longer than broad, as long as the combined two preceding joints ; joints 2-7 much broader than long but gradually increasing in length dis- tally. Thorax slender, nearly four times as long as broad, subhexagonal from above, widest at its middle where the wings are inserted. Pronotum nearly as long as broad, with straight, anteriorly converging, scarcely submarginate sides. Mesonotum somewhat broader than long, flattened above, with arcuate promesonotal suture. Scutellum semi- circular, flat. Epinotum longer than broad, in profile sharply Pu&e 42:38-52 (1935). hup Ytpsychu einclub org/42/42-038 html



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New Ants from the Philippines
rectangular behind, the base feebly convex, about four times as long as the abrupt and slightly concave declivity. Petiolar node flattened above, about one and one-third times as long as broad, distinctly broader behind than in front, with sharp anterior and posterior corners, straight, mar- ginate sides and anterior border and arcuately excised pos- terior border; in profile somewhat longer than high, the an- terior surface of the nodes straight and perpendicular, the dorsal surface straight and horizontal, the posterior sur- face concave, the ventral surface anteriorly with a later- ally compressed, triangular, translucent lamella and pos- teriorly with a thick, transverse projection. Postpetiole subelliptical, broader than long, somewhat broader than the petiole and slightly narrower in front than behind, its dor- sal surface feebly convex in profile, perpendicularly trun- cated anteriorly, its ventral surface with a transverse welt anteriorly. Gaster slender, more than three times as long as broad, first segment decidedly longer than broad, the second broader than long. Legs short, shaped as in the other species, the flattened, middle and hind femora less than twice as long as broad. Wings short, measuring only about 4 mm.
Moderately shining mandibles coarsely striate-punctate ; clypeus, head an throax evenly, longitudinally rugulose ; pedicel and gaster finely reticulate, with coarse, sparse, piligerous punctures; scapes and legs smoother and more shining, with finer and more scattered punctures. Pilosity yellowish, short and moderately abundant, ob- lique on the head and thorax, longer on the legs and abdo- men, appressed or subappressed on the latter; anterior bor- der of pronotum with a few conspicuously long, erect hairs. Wings covered with short, brown hairs.
Black ; mandibles, clypeus, anterior borders of cheeks and posterior borders of postpetiole and gastric segments red- dish brown ; tips of scapes, funiculi, trochanters, basitarsi, tips and bases of femora and tibiae more yellowish brown; remaining tarsal joints yellow. Wing membranes brown- ish; veins and peterostigma dark brown.
Described from a single specimen captured by Prof. C. F. Baker at Dapitan, on Mindanao Island, Philippines.



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40 Psyche [ March
M. grucilis belong- to the group of species comprising bakeri Wheeler of the Philippines, tillyurdi Wheeler of New South Wales, johni Karawajew of Ceylon and jacob- soni Crawley of Sumatra and characterized by having the clypeus narrowed and blunt or bidentate anteriorly instead of terminating in a rectagular lobe with acute corners. Crawlbey mentions two female specimens under his descrip- tion of jacobsoni, taken in April and October, 1914, respec- tively. The former he regards as the type of jacobsoni, the latter, which is very similar to the femalle described above, is, I believe, specifically different. There must be several closlely related, still undescribed species of Metapone in the Indomalayan and Indonesian regions.
I possess males of
two species from Singapore and Luzon Island, which differ from the one I described as hewitti from Borneo, but I re- frain from describing them till the cospecific females or workers turn up.
Prosopidris subgen. nov. (of Cardiocondyla) Worker.
Minute and closely related to Cardiocondyla. Antennae very similar, but 11- instead of 12-jointed. Cly-
peus much larger, thick and swollen, perpendicularly trun- catled anteriorly and forming on each side a strong, oblique welt which bounds the antenna1 fossa. Thorax stout and rather high, evenly arcuate above in profile, without pro- mesonotal and mesoepinotal sutures and mesoepinotal im- pression; epinotum armed with a pair of stout spines. Pe- tiole much as in Cardiocondyla but the node more concave anteriorly ; postpetiole large, broader than the petiolar node, as in that genus. Gaster consisting very largely of the first segment. Sting well-developed, short and stout. Middle and hind tibiae without traces of spurs; tarsal claws very small, simple. Pilosity lacking except on the mandibles and clypeus ; sculpture feeble as in Cardiocondyla. Female. Not much larger than the worker and very simi- lar to the female of Cardiocondyla in the structure of the thorax. Postpetiole not more enlarged in proportion to the petiolar node than in the worker. Wing-venation much as in Cardiocondyla with narrow pterostigma near the mid- dle of the costal border, a single narrow cubital cell, no



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19351 New Ants from the Philippines 41
discoidal cell, and only a short basal piece of the radial vein, but with a well developed discoidal vein. Subgenotype : Cardiocondyla, (Prosopidris) sima, sp. nov. Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) sima sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Worker. Length 2-2.2 mm.
Head subrectangular, longer than broad, nearly as broad in front as behind, with straight, subparallel sides, broadly rounded posterior corners and feebly sinuate posterior bor- der. Eyes moderately large and convex, somewhat longer PIG. 1.
Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) sima sp. nov. Worker; a, in profile ; b, head, dorsal view; c, petiole and postpet- iole, dorsal view.
than their distance from the clypeus.
Mandibles convex,
5-toothed, the two apical decidedly larger than the basal teeth. Clypeus projecting over the bases of the mandibles, its anterior truncated surface flattened, its posterior por- tion extending back between the frontal carinae large, con- vex, subtriangular, its anterior border transverse, feebly sinuate in the middle and more deeply sinuate on each side. Frontal area small, triangular, impressed and rather indis- tinct; frontal groove distinct anteriorly. Antennae slender, scapes nearly straight, extending somewhat beyond the posterior corners of the head; second funicular joint longer than broad, joints 3-7 as long as broad, the two basal joints



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42 Psyche [March
of the club longer than broad, subequal, together shorter than the distinctly swollen terminal joint. Pronotum with the neck as long as broad, with broadly rounded humeri; mesonoturn broader than long, narrowed posteriorly where the pleurae are distinctly compressed; epinotum longer than broad, slightly narrowed anteriorly, its posteriorly sloping base one and two-thirds times as long as the perpen- dicular declivity, which is concave in the middle and mar- ginate on the sides, metasternal angles prominent but rounded, the spines straight, blunt and stout, nearly as long . as the distance between their bases but shorter than the declivity, directed backward and outward and slightly up- ward. Peduncle of petiole as long as the node, which is as high as long, rounded above and distinctly broader than long. Post-petiole transversely elliptical, lower and nearly twice as broad as the petiolar node, convex anteriorly, with its straight posterior border. Gaster broadly elliptical, convex, with broadly concave anterior border. Legs rather long.
Thorax, pedicel and gaster distinctly shining, microscopi- cally and superficially reticulate or punctulate ; mandibles, clypeus, head and appendages more opaque, the head and anterior portion of pronotum more sharply and coarsely punctulate and also covered dorsally with shallow and not very distinct foveolze.
Pilosity and publescence yellowish, the former consisting of a few short, sparse, erect hairs on the clypeus and man- dibles, the latter fine, dilute, appressed, longer and more distinct on the gaster and appendages.
Dull yellowish brown or pale ferruginous, the head very slightly darker, the mandibles, clypeus, peduncle of petiole and appendages slightly paler. Mandibular teeth dark brown.
Female. Length 2.7-2.8 mm.
Very similar to the worker; joints 3-7 of funiculi dis- tinctly broader than long; thorax short, as broad as the head; pronotum somewhat flattened, broader than long, subtriangular anteriorly; fepinotal spines shorter and stouter than in the worker, subparallel; petiole and post- petiole not enlarged as compared with the worker.



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19351 New Ants from the Philippines 43
Sculpture and pilosity as in the worker except that the whole thorax above is foveolate-punctate like the head, and the thorax, nodes of pedicel and gaster are darker and less yellowish, being as dark as the head.
Wings grayish; veins
brown, pterostigma dark brown.
Described from eight workers and four females col- lected by Mr. L. M. Morato at Dansalan, on Lanao Island, Philippines, and received from Dr. J. W. Chapman. Dilobocondyla chapmani Wheeler subsp. rufobrunnea subsp. nov.
Worker. Length 3.8 mm.
Differing from the typical chapmani in its slightly larger size, slightly more opaque surface throughout and in colora- tion, being dark brown, with the pronotum above paler and more rufous, the mandibles, except the teeth, the sides of the clypeus, scapes, first funicular joint and tarsi beyond their first joint, brownish yellow.
Female. Length 4.5 mm.
Very similar to the worker, but the gular surface of the head and the thorax are paler and more reddish than the head and gaster, the postseutellum and posterior portion of the mesonoturn infuscated.
Wings shorter than the body,
whitish, with pale brown veins and dark brown petero- stigma. The radial cell is short and closed, there is a single cubital but no discoidal cell.
Male. Length 4.3 mm.
Head broader than long, transversely elliptical, with large eyes and moderately large ocelli. Cheeks short and strongly converging anteriorly. Mandibles well-developed, flattened, 5-toothed, the two basal teeth small. Clypeus broad, feebly convex, its anterior border broadly rounded, entire, sinuate on each side. Frontal area large; frontal carinate short, low and subparallel. Antennae long, 13-jointled ; scapes very short, only about twice as long as broad; first funicular slightly longer than broad, not swollen, remaining joints cylindrical, the second twice as long as the scapes, the remaining joints shorter, except the last, which is nearly as long as the second and somewhat swollen. Thorax through the mesonotum somewhat broader than the head; pronotum



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44 Psyche
[March
very short, mesonotum large and convex, with very pro- nounced notauli (Mayrian furrows) ; epinotum higher than long, with subequal base and declivity, the former distinctly convex, the latter flattened, perpendicular and marginate on each side. Petiole and post-petiolq similar to those of the worker, but more slender. Gaster small, elongate-elliptical ; genitalia exserted, the stipites rather large, lobular, rounded at the tip. Legs long and slender but the femora distinctly incrassated in the middle, though less so than in the worker.
Somewhat shining ; mandibles finely reticulate ; head lon- gitudinally rugulose, the clypeus and frontal area more finely and more regularly than the cheeks, the rugules of which curve around the antenna1 fossae. The interrugal spaces are sharply and finely reticulatle as in the worker. Sculpture of thorax similar; pronotum transversely, meso- notum longitudinally rugulose ; scutellum more coarsely re- ticulate-rugulose, pleura? and epinotal dleclivity smoother. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster shining, smoother, only su- perficially and microscopically reticulate. Pilosity longer than in the worker, the hairs tapering and flexuous.
Black; scapes, gaster, coxae and femora dark brown; base of gaster above somewhat infuscated ; tibias, tarsi and funi- culi white; first funicular joint strongly, tibiae feebly tinged with reddish brown; wings whitish, veins colorless, ptero- stigma pale brown.
Single worker, female and male specimens collected by Mr. W. D. Pierce at Victoria, Negros Oriental, Philippines, and received from Dr. J. W. Chapman.
Emery, in the "Genera Insectorum" (p. 241) described with a query a male specimen of an undetermined species of Dilobocondyla from Sumatra. The foregoing descrip- tion of the male collected with thle cospecific worker shows that he really had a male Dilobocondyla, probably belong- ing either to D. sebesiam Wheeler or to D. karnyi Wheeler. Z,atapinoma williamsli sp. nov.
Soldier. Length nearly 3 mm.
Very similar to the soldier of 2. annandalei Wheeler of



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19351 New Ants from the Philippines 45
India but differing in the following characters : Integument thicker and more rigid, clypeal swellings somewhat less pronounced and not bilobed or biprotuberant on each side; mandibles with 8 coarse teeth, the first, second and fourth larger than the others, the seventh and eighth fused; fron- tal area obsolete; funicular joints 3-8 as long as broad (in annandalei distinctly broader than long) ; eyes distinctly larger, situated a distance equal to their greatest diameter from the posterior clypeal border, which is more distinct than in the Indian species. Thorax more slender, the pro- notum as long as broad, the epinotum slightly longer than broad.
Sculpture and pilosity very similar in the two species, but the color of williamsi is different, being brownish yellow instead of whitish yellow, the mandibles and clypeus are concolorous with the remainder of the head and the second to fourth gastric segments are brown at the base. Female. Length 3.5 mm.
Resembling the soldier, but the head is proportionally smaller and somewhat more narrowed anteriorly, the eyes though flat are much larger, twice as long as their distance from the anterior corners of the head. Ocelli w'ell-devel- oped, near the occipital border. Clypeus without the pecu- liar lateral swellings of the soldiler, feebly convex in the middle, depressed on each side. Frontal area large and in- distinct. Antenna1 scapes reaching to the posterior fourth of the head. Thorax collapsed, but apparently as broad as the head, with flattened mesonotum. Gaster large, shaped like that of the soldier. Wings long, the anterior pair with long closed radial cell, a single long cubital but no discoidal cell. There are no traces of a pterostigma. Sculpture and pilosity much as in the soldier, but the pubescence is more abundant and longer, especially on the gaster and the segments of this region also bear sparse and rather long, coarse hairs.
Wings pubescent.
Clypeus and thorax brown; antennae, head and legs brownish yellow; gaster pale yellow, with a broad, dark brown basal fascia on each segment. Wings hyaline, with very pale yellow veins.




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46 Psyche
[ March
Single soldier and female specimens taken by Dr. F. X. Williams as Los Banos, Luzon Island, Philippines. This species is very close to 2. wheeleri described and figured by Dr. W. M. Mann in the present issue of "Psyche" from soldiers received from Samoa by the Federal Quaran- tine Station in Honolulu. This species, however, has 5- toothed mandibles and the funicular joints 2-10 are dis- tinctly broader than long as in 2. annmdalei. As I am not certain that the two specimens collected by Dr. Williams are from the same colony, only the soldier is to be regarded as the type.
Acantholepis aurea Karawajew subsp. punctat iceps subsp. nov.
Worker. Length 2 mm.
Head subtrapezoidal, slightly longer than broad, dis- tinctly narrowed anteriorly, with feebly convex sidles and posterior border and rounded posterior corners. Eyes at the middle of the sides of the head, modferately convex, as long as their distance from its anterior corners. Mandibles convex, with 5 subequal teeth. Clypeus convex, carinatie, with broadly rounded, projecting anterior border. Frontal area obsolescent; frontal groove distinct anteriorly. An- tennal scapes extending about one-fourth their length be- yond the posterior border of the head. Pronoturn with rounded humeri and convex sides and dorsal surface, de- cidedly broader than long; mesonotum transversely subel- liptical, one and one-third times as broad as long; metano- turn about two-thirds as broad as the pronoturn, with prom- inent, dorsally projecting spiracles ; the mesometanotal im- pression short but pronounced ; epinotum somewhat nar- rower than the pronotum, subrectangular, the base on each side with a pair of stout longitudinal projections which terminate posteriorly in very blunt teeth bearing the epin- otal spiracles at their tips. Petiolar scale thin, its summit acute and almost semicircularly excised, so that its corners from two blunt, flattened teeth which are about twice as long as broad at their bases, its sid4es and anterior surface somewhat convex. There is no peduncle-like prolongation behind the node.




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19351 New Ants from the Philippines 47
Mandibles and clypeus shining, feebly and microscopically reticulate, the former with a few coarse piligerous punc- tures, remainder of head opaque, densely and finely punc- tate ; thorax, petiole and appendages subopaque, sculptured likQ the head but more superficially; meso- and metaplurse longitudinally rugulose; gaster smooth and shining. Hairs white, sparse, erect and obtuse, present only on the body; scapes and legs with fine, appressed, pale pube- scence.
Head and thorax dark reddish brown; gula, occiput and epinotum darker and more blackish; mandibles, scapes, me- sonotum, trochanters, tips of femora and tips and bases of tibiae yellowish brown ; funiculi fuscous ; tarsi yellow, with the last joint brown; gaster black.
Two specimens taken by Dr. J. W. Chapman, one at Bag- uio, Luzon Island (type locality) and one Dumaguete, Ne- gros Oriental, Phillippines. The second specimen seems to be somewhat immature. I have attached this form to aurea, recently (1932) described by Karawajew from Ban- tam, at the westtern end of Java, because it seems to differ only in the decidedly thinner petiolar scale, different sculp- ture of the head and much darker coloration. Aurea was the first species of Acantholepis to be described from Indonesia, all the other known species of this rather large genus being confined to the Eurasian and African continents, except the Indian A. rothneyi wabsoni Fore1 which occurs in For- mosa.
There is among my Philippine material, however, yet another species which is here described. Acantholepis chapmani sp nov. (Fig. 2)
Worker. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.
Head suborbicular, convex and rounded behind, including the mandibles slightly longer than broad. Eyes large, con-
vex, somewhat behind the middle of thle sides; ocelli large and widely separated. Mandibles moderately convex, 5- toothed, the first and fourth tooth from the apex larger than the others. Maxillary palpi very long. Clypeus large, evenly convex, ecarinate, with rounded, entire and project- ing anterior border. Frontal area transversely triangular ; frontal groove distinct. Antennas slender; scapes extend-



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48 Psyche [ March
ing two-fifths their length beyond the postlerior border of the head; all the funicular joints fully twice as long as broad. Thorax shaped as in A. frauenfeldi Mayr but the anterior portion of the mesometan~tal constriction is broader, though decidedly longer and more slender than in aurea punctaticeps. Pronoturn one and one-third times as long as broad, flattened or slightly concave above, with dis- tinctly protuberant humeri.
Mesometanotum twice as long
as broad, narrowed in the middle and bearing at its poster- FIG. 2. Acantholepis chapmani sp. nov. Worker; a, in profile; b, head, dorsal view; c, petiole, posterior view. ior fourth the dorsally projecting spiracles which are sep- arated by a space four times their diameter. Epinotum from above subrectangular, nearly as broad as the prono- turn and one-third broader than long, bearing on its anter- ior or basal half two large, thick, rapidly tapering, rather acute spines. Petiole long, with long posterior peduncle, the anteriorly placed scale inclined forward, convex an- teriorly and posteriorly and moderately thick, bearing above at each corner of feebly concave, transverse summit a small, slender, acute spine which is directed upward, out- ward and slightly backward. Gaster rather large, subellip- tical. Legs long and slender.
Shining and very finely and superficially reticulate or shagreened; meso- and epinotum more opaque and more



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19351 New Ants from, the Philippines 49