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Psyche 4:155-158, 1883.

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PSYCHE.
THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENTOMOLOGY.
ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE RETIRING PRESIDENT OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMO- LOGICAL CLUB, 11 JANUARY 1884.
Fellow Members of the Cumb~idp-e
EntomoZogicuZ Club :-
I thank you for the honor you were
pleased to confer upon me a year ago,
in electing me to be your president, an
office which to my regret I could fill
only in name. I look upon this action
of yours as a recognition of my interest in your work and of my earnest endeav-
ors to promote it. My absence from your
meetings has not weakened my devotion
to the cause which under your auspices
I have sought, during the last ten years, to advance.
Ten years of the life of the club have
expired, in which the membership of
the club has enlarged and grown in in-
fluence, A bright future is before us
if we only strive in unison to carry out the purposes for which our club was
formed, in the most liberal spirit, giving, and trusting for the returns.
I need not dwell upon retrospect nor
prophecy. You know the past, and
you have the future in your own con-
trol.
I welcome this opportunity, dictated
by custon~ and by your laws, to express
my thoughts upon that part of our work
as a club with which I have been most
concerned. It will not seem to you un-
natural for me to speak of the Bibliogra- phy of entomology, its purposes and
its methods. I will not go into its
history, for I prefer rather to consider its future.
We are fortunate in having in our
midst and I-eckoning as one of our num-
ber the prince by excellence of the bib- liographers of entomology. We count
also amongst our members others who
have rendered efficient service in this
useful and laborious art. One can hard-
ly think of the Cambridge entoinolog-
ical club without thinking of PSYCHE
or of PSYCHE without thinking of its
Bibliographical record. We are there-
fore prepared in an especial manner to
appreciate the importance of bibliogra-
phical work as applied to the promotion
of science.
The need of such work is evidently
felt in these days more than ever before. Since we entered upon our work we
have seen bibliographical departments
established as a11 important feature in




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15 6 PSYCHE. [April ?884.
many periodical publications, and some
such publications established, as PSYCHE was, mainly for the sake of their biblio- graphical departments.
Bibliography is not a science and
yet without it the sciences would fare
hardly in these times. By it the hidden
treasures of acquired knowledge are
brought to light. Without it the ad-
vance of knowledge would be slow.
The ever increasing mass of literature
is a wilderness, which no one can trav-
erse throughout, into which few can
penetrate deeply, in whose recesses are
scattered, with little order, the gathered riches of innumerable workers. He
who would not spend his life in doing
anew what has been done before him,
and often well done, must have access to these acquired stores. Without guides
he would become lost, he would find
little of that for which he seeks and in the search would lose his time and his
way. The index is to the traveler in
this wilderness more than the compass
to the mariner. It is the guiding hand
which leads him from store to store,
and places at his disposal all that he
wants, or points out to hi111 the empty
coffers yet to be filled. Thus are his
labors spared and his strength saved for the work that is yet to be done.
I presume that you all are bibliogra-
phers, in varied degrees. You have
your several studies, and you make
your several indices in relation thereto. You are interested to promote the
formation of indices of which you may
make use, or by which you may render
service to others. I have labored long,
as you know, to construct a bibliogra-
phy, not so much of any specialty in
entomology, as of the subject as a
whole.
We have many bibliographical pub-
lications at our service now, for the rec- ord of current literature. Such works of frequent issue as the ZoologiscJzer anzei- gcr and the Naturae novitates serve
an excellent purpose for temporary use.
By them little of value escapes mention. Their form and style are not suited,
however, to the characteristics of a
, permanent and comprehensive biblio-
graphy. In their bibliographical de-
partment they are little more than lists of writings, without those references to reviews, extracts and reprints, which
serve for the history of literature, and which have a more than bibliographical
value. They are not adapted for ready
reference by means of indices, and in-
deed hardly pretend to be more than
temporary guides to current literature,
for the especial benefit of those workers who are ever tumbling over each othei-
in their haste to get at the latest develop- ment of science, and to move forward.
The annual records, such as the Zoo-
logical record and the Zoologischer
jahresbericht, are more than biblio-
graphies in their essential features, but less in others. They too give lists
of titles, but without the bibliographical descriptions. The bibliography, such
as it is, is almost buried in the mass of the reviews. ~hese works are not so
much guides to literature as contribu-
tions to it, themselves requiring guides. They treat of the substance of the litera- ture more than of its form, and this so
copiously that in the course of years




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April 1884.1 PSYCHE. 157
they become like forests themselves, the trees indeed planted in rows, but those
of one kind so far apart and interspersed with others, that they can only be found by a tedious search.
I do not wish to seem to find fault
with these works. I recognize their
value for the purposes of their being.
I only say of them that they have not
certain characteristics which they do
not pretend to have. We have yet to
find the bibliography that we need, per- manent, complete, limited to biblio-
graphical simplicity and convenient of
reference.
For the early literature there is no
need to attempt to improve upon
Hagen's Bibliotheca entoimologica.1
My remarks apply to literature subse-
quent to that there recorded, including
such omissions from and corrections of
that work as occasion may present.
The time may come in which a supple-
ment to that work will be published, in
some similar form, supplanting all lesser bibliographies, as that has supplanted all earlier ones. Until that time the best
that we can do is to form a current
bibliography, upon a simple and uni-
form plan, adapted to serve all the
varied purposes which are to be sought
in such a work. It may seem superflu-
ous for me to attempt to describe the
principles upon which I think such a
work should be constructed.
You have granted me so great liberty
in the editorial management of PSYCHE
that I have been enabled, as improve-
ments in the form of the bibliographical Psyche, Rec., no. 3306.
record have been suggested, to put them
into practice. I am largely indebted to
my principal colaborer in the editorship for many of these improvement^ Many
changes have been made and probably
many others will be made, but the
essential features have so far remained
the same throughout. Hagen's Biblio-
theca served as a model in tlie beginning, and except in detail little change has
been made since.
It is useless in a current bibliography
to preserve any classification of matter. In the early volumes of PSYCHE the
attempt was made to bring together the
whole contents of volumes in a continu-
ous record, but the disadvantages of the plan were found to overbalance its ad-
vantages. In such a plan the whole
contents of a volume must be held back
until the volume is finished, and other
works which are connected with the
former by cross-references must be post- poned to them. This plan has few ad-
vantages, moreover, as reference is rare- ly made to the contents of works by
volumes. In later volumes of PSYCHE
little or no attempt has been made at the classification of matter.
The whole problem of classifica-
tion is solved by the publication of
the record in form suitable for the con- struction of card catalogs. The only
feature of the work which is marred by
the card catalog arrangement is the se-
quence of the current numeros used for
the purposes of the index.
Some persons will choose to arrange
their card catalogs by subjects, and
others in chronological order, but I have



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158 PS 2THE. [April ISS+.
found the most convenient arr mgement
most desirable features to be embodied
to be that by authors, alphabetically and in such a work. with titles arranged alphabetically under One of the greatest objections to the
the names of the authors, the index annual records of literature, or to any being relied on for reference by subjects other partial bibliography, from a bib- or in any other manner desirable.
This
liographica! standpoint, is in the neces- requires, so long as the index is made
sity, there present, of consulting many
.
by the u& of the current numeros, the
indices to find all the references to a
preservation of a copy of the record in
single subject.
No other form of refer-
its original form.
ence is so compact, so definite and by
During the past three years I have been
so easily understood a symbol, as a sim- engaged, amidst other duties, in writing ple numerical reference. With such that bibliography of economic ento- means of reference available, new indi- mology which was projected by the ces, complete to date, can be published United States entomological commission from time to time, more readily than in 1881 ,l and was turned .over to the under any other circumstances. United States Department of agriculture I have now sketched briefly to you a upon the extinction of the commission. few thoughts upon the desirable features This I have prepared strictly in accord
of a permanent, complete, simple bib-
with the methods adopted in PSYCHE, and liography, convenient of reference. I I have hopes that it may appear so, when have assumed that the characteristics of published. It has been necessary to such a bibliography, are to be found in index this ill large part in advance of its PSYCHE. It is true that the Biblio- publication, and while yet it was in pro- graphical record of PSYCHE is not corn- cess of formation, so that the current nu- plete, bat that is not the fault of its
meros were not yet attached to it. Under plan ; only the misfortune of its circum- these circumstances the reference has stances. Hpwever unreasonable it may been made in every case by the citation be to hope that these circumstances will of the name of the author and of the yet so change, that the record in PSYCHE title of the article. This method of may be made complete, I still hope it reference, though less compiict than the may see better days. If I am not astray
mere citation of a nurnero, has the ad- in my appreciation of it, it will at least vantage of being universally applicable, serve as a model. wherever the title may be found under I hope yet to see an index to the liter- the author's name. . ature of entomology, which will em- The convenience of reference by a body the features I have set forth, or single series of numeros to the whole better ones. Such a work could welt of the bibliography, however extensive be undertaken in connection with the it may become, seems to me one of the work of some scientific station where en- cirraLini of U. S. entomologim, commission, ,an. tomo'og~ is a 'pecial feature, and which uaty rat, 1%.
is provided with the necessary means




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April 1w.1 PSYciYlY. 159
for its accomplishment. And if so but beg you to remember that if not undertaken and carried out, it should be felicitous of speech I am constant of a work which could be pointed at with heart, and shall ever wish you prosper- pride.
I would fain see
this club the
ity iftid good fellowship in your future. author of it. R RespectfuHy ,
I would gladly have contributed <o
B: Pickm-an Mann.
your meeting a more worthy address,
SEXUAL ATTRACTION IN PKION'US.
BY ANNA KATHERINA DIMMOCK, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Late in the summer of 1883 my atten-
a number of females made their appear-
tion was drawn to the sudden appear- ance, showing an attraction of the ance of a large number of holes in the female to the male like that above-noted garden, which, upon closer observation,
of males attracted by femaies. Instances proved to be the exits
of numerous similar to those just described, that is, beetles of the genus Primus.
Having of male insects attracted by females of heard that the attraction of the male by the same species, have been frequently the female was not common among CO- recorded in lepkloptera, especially leoptera, and finding no notice of such among the bombycidae; but among the attraction in the above-mentioned cole- coleoptera such cases are, I think, more optera, I captured a large female which rarely met with, the only instance to my was found in the grass with oviposi- knowledge being the one originally tor distended and greatly protruded. mentioned by Prof. F. H. Snow,* and Scarcely had the female been secured quoted by Mr. J. A. Lii~tner.~ Prof.
before a male Prioms appeared ; he Snow found males of Pofy/hyZZa vario- ran and flew, by alternation, meanwhile vigorously scratching the ground rapidly palpitating his antennae, about above places where females were about and around the tent, inside of which the to emerge, presumably guided to these female had been confined ; finally, dis- places, as Mr. Lintner suggests, by the covering the entrance to the tent, he fiew sense of smell, rather than, as Prof. in and lit directly on the screen under Snow supposed, by that of hearing. which the female had been put. After-
The most remarkable part of the sex-
the appearance of the first male another ual attraction manifested by Prionus is
was seen to approach the tent.
He
that of the females being attracted by the went through a similar performance to
males, a kind of attraction concerning
that of the firstrone, finally alighting on which I have found no notice whatever.
the cage.
In this manner a great many a Mar. 1884. male specimens of Prionus were taken
ill the course of an afternoon.
On ac-
' Trans. Kms- atad- sci-n 1374, P. 27-13. Q Lintner, 1st ana. rep:. inaccts N. Y., iSSi [I%], p. 71. count of the presence of so many males




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