Elizabeth B. Bryant.
Notes on North American Anyphæninse in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Psyche 38:102-126, 1931.

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Psyche
[ June-September
NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN
ANYPHENINa
IN
THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
In a recent revision of the spiders of this sub-family in the Museum of Comparative Zoology from North and Cen- tral America and the West Indies, it was found that there has been much confusion in the use of genera. The genus Anyphsena was made by Sundevall in 1833 (Conspectus Arachnidum, p. 20) for Aranea accentuata Walckenaer. L. Koch (Die Arach. fam. Drassiden, 1866, p. 194) first called attention to the position of the ventral furrow, "as either in the middle of the length of the abdomen or behind the middle." Nicolet (Say, Hist. de Chili, 1849, 3, p. 450) made the genus Gayenna for the South American species where the posterior spiracular openings are nearer the spinnerets than to the epigastric plate. F. 0. P. Cambridge (Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1900, 2, p. 94), definitely restricts the genus to "Spiracular rima situated behind the middle of the ventral area of the abdomen towards the spinners," and states that the genus is not found in Central America. Mr. Banks has used the genus Gayenna when the ventral furrow is behind the middle of the entire abdomen. The genus Marcellina has been made for Clubiom pisca- toria Hentz, known only from two males from Alabama and an immature male from Newton, Massachusetts. The
large anterior median eyes, the peculiar palpus, and the short spines on the legs are very different from any other genus.
Hentz, in his descriptions of Clubiona saltabunda and C. albens, questions the generic position. The exaggerated




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length of the legs in both sexes, the difference in the male palpi and the number and arrangement of spines on the legs do not agree with any of the genera from Central America, so the new genus Anyphsenella has been made for them. .
1. Ventral furrow one-third nearer epigastric plate than to spinnerets ............................................................ Aysha. Ventral furrow one-third nearer spinnerets than to epigastric plate, anterior median eyes largest Marcellina
Ventral furrow about midway between epigastric plate and spinnerets, anterior eyes equal or median slightly smaller ...................................................................... 2. 2. Anterior tibiae as long as both cephalothorax and abdomen ........................................................ Anyphsenella Anterior tibiae normal .................................... Anyphsena. Marcellina gen. n.
Type : Clubiona piseatoria, Hentz.
Cephalothorax oval, thoracic groove rather long, front broad and obtuse. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved, equidistant, median largest of the eight; posterior row pro- curved and equal; quadrangle higher than wide, wider in front; lateral eyes separated by less than diameter of an- terior laterals. Clypeus not as wide as diameter of anterior median eye. First leg longer than fourth; anterior legs with few spines on ventral side. Mandibles of male well- developed with two widely separated teeth on superior margin of groove and two teeth on inferior margin. Ven- tral furrow one-third nearer spinnerets than to epigastric plate.
The genus differs from Gayenna, which has the ventral furrow near the spinnerets, by the large median eyes and from the other American genera by arrangement of the eyes, number of teeth on the mandibles and the shorter spines on the legs.




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Psyche [ June-September
Marcellina piscatoria (Hentz)
Clubiona piscatoria Hentz, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. ; 1847, 5, p. 450, pi. 23, f. 15 ; " 8 Alabama" ; reprint, 1875, p. 84, pi. 10, f. 15, pi. 18, f. 29.
8 7 mm. long, cephalothorax 3 mm. I leg, 15 mm. long. Cephalothorax pale yellow without markings, covered with many fine, black hairs; abdomen pale yellow without markings, with many long, fine hairs; legs pale, covered with dark hairs; spines on all legs less than diameter of joint, few and becoming irregular; more spines on upper side of legs than on ventral. Spines, I leg, tibia 2, near middle, 1 lateral, all less than diameter of joint; metatarsus 2-2, 1 lateral. Metatarsus as long as tibia. Eyes; anterior row recurved, equidistant, A. M. E. larg- est ; posterior row procurved so that lateral eyes are almost touching, equal in size; P. M. E. slightly nearer P. L. E. than to each other and smaller than A. M. E. Clypeus about as wide as diameter of A. L. E.
Mandibles, brown, porrect, one-half the length of cephalo- thorax, covered with long, black hairs. Two isolated teeth on superior margin and two isolated teeth on inferior mar- gin. Cephalothorax widest between I1 and I11 leg and only slightly narrowed in front of I coxae; thoracic groove rather long, sternum triangular, widest between coxae I and 11; coxae IV separated by less than half a diameter. Ventral furrow one-third nearer the spinnerets than to the epigastric plate.
Palpus. Femur two-thirds as long as cephalothorax, curved, tibia but little longer than patella, with apophysis near tip, as in figure 1, tarsus longer than femur and pro- longed far beyond the palpal organ; embolus prolonged in a fine straight point the length of the tarsus. 2 8 Ala.; Auburn, C. F. Baker coll.; 1 8 im.; Mass.; Newton 17 Oct., 1904, E. B. Bryant coll.



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Anyphaena
Type : Aranea accentuata Walckenaer, 1802. Cephalothorax oval, thoracic groove rather long, front broad and obtuse. Anterior row of eyes straight or weakly recurved, the median usually the smallest; posterior row weakly procurved, equal and usually equidistant; quad- rangle of median eyes higher than wide and narrower in front; lateral eyes well separated. Legs long with scopulse on all tarsi and often on the anterior metatarsi. Ventral furrow about midway between epigastric plate and spin- nerets.
The genus Anyphsena was made by Sundevall in 1833. (Conspectus Arachnidum, p. 20) for Aranea accentuata Walckenaer. In this species the ventral furrow is a little nearer the epigastric plate than to the spinnerets and there is one pair of spines (basal) on the anterior metatarsi. The A. M. E. are smaller than the A. L. E., the mandibles are vertical, with two teeth on the inferior margin of the groove and the palpus is quite unlike any of the American forms. In a careful examination of one of the common species (A. celer Hentz), it is found that the position of the ventral furrow often varies from the middle to just in front, or a little behind the middle, so that it is not easy to use as a primary character, but in all species examined the position of the furrow is approximately the same in the two sexes, also the number and arrangement of the spines on the an- terior legs. With the exception of A. char sp. n. from Florida and A. aperta Banks from Washington all the American species have two pairs of spines 011 the first and second metatarsi. The first species also differs in having a large club-shaped process on the patella of the male palpus, a character found on at least one European species. In 1913 Berland, Araignees de l'Equateur, called atten- tion to the subdivision made by M. Simon in 1903. The first group has two teeth on the inferior margin of the mandibles and the ventral furrow is nearer the spinnerets than to the epigastric plate. The second group, which in- cludes Anyphsena, has several teeth on the inferior margin



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106 Psyche [ June-September
(from 4 to lo), and the ventral furrow is nearer the epi- gastric plate than to the spinerets.
This character of teeth
is found variable, as in A. laticeps sp. n. there are no teeth on the superior margin of the male and a distinct carina on the inferior margin; and in the female, a carina on the superior margin and no teeth on the inferior margin, yet the male palpus is nearer the type of the genus than any other American species.
With the material available, the genus Gayenna is re- stricted to species from South America, with the ventral furrow near the spinnerets (at least one-third nearer than to the epigastric plate), and the genus Anyphsena, to species with the ventral furrow near the middle (midway between the epigastric plate and the spinnerets) and usually two pairs of spines beneath the anterior metatarsi. Future study may prove that the American species of Anyphsena may belong to some of the numerous neotropical genera, rather than to the European genus Anyphsena. It has not been possible to make a satisfactory key for the females of the genus. Possibly when both sexes of all species are known, some character can be recognized by which they can be separated, but at present they can be identified only by the vulva. . In both sexes the number and position of spines on the anterior legs is the same. Anyphaena
Males
1. I metatarsus 1-1 spines, head broad, mandibles genicu- late, large club-shaped spur on patella of palpus calcar sp. n.
I metatarsus 2-2 spines ........ .... .... .... .. ............... .... ... 2. 2. Head but little narrowed in front of I coxae, mandi- bles porrect, cephalothorax shining chestnut brown laticeps sp. n.
Head less than half as wide as cephalothorax between I1 and I11 legs, cephalothorax never brown ............ 3.



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3. 11, I11 and IV coxae modified ................................ 4. ...................................................... All coxae normal 5. 4. 111 coxae with posterior spur bifid and with central process of palpus broad. ........................ .pectorosa Koch. 111 coxae with posterior spur slender and curved and with central process of palpus slender. .fraterna Banks. 5. I11 leg modified ........................................................ 6. I11 leg normal .......................................................... 9. 6. I11 tibia with 2 short, stout spines on ventral, pos- ............................................................ terior margin 7.
I11 tibia with but 1 short, stout spine on ventral pos- ............................................................ terior margin 8.
7. Dorsal section of tibial apophysis of palpus broad and ........................................................ triangular celer Hentz
Dorsal section of tibial apophysis slender and sharp maculata Banks.
8. Tip of ventral part of tibial apophysis fairly broad and bifid and upper part reduced to a small, sharp point scarcely noticeable .................... coloradensis sp. n. Tip of ventral part of tibial apophysis rather slender and notched, and the upper lobe fairly large, pointed ...............................
and triangular .crebrispina Chamb.
9. Distal apophysis of tibia ending in a simple, sharp point, tibia twice length of patella. .......... .ruens Chamb. "Distal apophysis in form of undivided chitinous lam- ina and narrowing distad, but with apex subtruncate ..........
and weakly notched at middle".
saniuana Chamb.
Anyphzna cakar sp. n.
8 4 mm. long; cephalothorax 1.7 mm.
Cephalothorax yellowish, darker in front with white hairs on head; abdomen pale yellow with many dark spots and streaks, which unite in the posterior median part to form a series of chevrons; legs yellowish with faint traces



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108 Psyche [ June-September
of dark spots ; spines, I leg ; tibia 2-2, second pair at about middle of joint, 2 lateral; metatarsus 2, 1 lateral, scopulae very scant on anterior tarsi and metatarsi. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved, equidistant, A. M. E. smallest; posterior row longer than anterior, P. M. E. slightly nearer P. L. E. than to each other, P. M. E. largest; quadrangle higher than distance between P. M. E. eyes. Clypeus narrow, scarcely more than diameter of A. M. E. eyes. Mandibles vertical, with many long, black .hairs ; superior margin of fang groove, a denticulate carina ; inferior margin a group of five minute teeth near median edge.
Ventral furrow midway between spinnerets and epi- gastric plate.
Palpus.
Patella and tibia of equal length, the former with a large club-shaped spur on the outer side, nearly as long as the joint; tibia with a long apophysis resting against the palpus, ending in a sharp spine; the ventral side of the tibia has a pronounced keel two-thirds the length of the joint.
The upper half of the palpal organ has a large white sack with a slender white filament at the upper end and a tube from the lower part which bends and disappears in the upper part of the organ. On the inner-side is a piece ending in a sharp point a little above the white sack, and in the opposite side is a slender piece ending in a curved hook.
Type : 3 8 Fla. ; Dunedin, 1927, W. S. Blatchley coll. This is the only American species of Anyphzna with a spur on the patella.
Anyphzna laticeps sp. n.
8 4 mm. long; cephalothorax 1.5 mm., abdomen 2.5 mm. Cephalothorax shining chestnut brown, a little darker about the eyes; abdomen greenish gray; legs little lighter in color than cephalothorax, long and slender with darker bands at middle and end of tibia. Spines, I tibia 2-2, long



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and slender, no lateral, metatarsus 2-2, long and slender, no lateral.
Eyes : anterior row straight, equal and equidistant ; pos- terior row slightly procurved, longer than anterior row, P. M. E. little nearer P. L. E. than to each other; laterals separated by radius of P. L. E.; quadrangle as high as distance between P. M. E. Clypeus a little wider than diam- eter of anterior eyes:
Mandibles dark, porrect and more than half as long as cephalothorax, no teeth on superior margin of groove, dis- tinct denticulate carina on inferior margin ; fang long and sinuate; labium longer than wide, half as long as rnaxillz, and deeply notched.
Cephalothorax, narrowed but little in front of I coxae. Sternum twice as long as broad, widest between 11 coxae. Ventral furrow a little nearer epigastric plate than to spin- nerets.
Palpus.
Tibia twice as long as patella, apophysis one- third length of tibia and pressed close to tarsus. Palpal organ nearly fills the cavity.
Q 4.2 mm. long.
Cephalothorax shining chestnut brown, darker about the eyes and with scattered white hairs on sides; abdomen pale yellow with irregular dark marks arranged to form broken chevrons; venter pale; legs lighter in color than cephalothorax without the dark bands and spines as in male. Eyes as in male. Mandibles dark brown and geniculate; carina on superior margin of groove and no teeth on inferior margin. Cephalothorax narrowed but little in front of I coxae. Sternum light and shining, nearly twice as long as broad. Ventral furrow a little nearer epigastric plate than to spinnerets. Epigynum dark with two broad open- ings below two pairs of dark spots.
Type: 8 Q Ga. ; Thompson's Mills, H. Allard coll. Paratypes. 1 Q Va. ; Falls Church, N. Banks coll. ; I 2 Ala. ; Auburn, C. F. Baker coll.
The dark color of the cephalothorax would seem to ally this species to A. striata Becker, but the description of



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110 Psyche [ June-September
that species would indicate a much larger spider, possibly an Aysha.
The two following species are separated in the males by the modified posterior coxae.
Anyphzna pectorosa L. Koch
, Die Arach. fam. Drassiden, 1866? p. 198, p1. 8, f. 131, "I 8 Baltimore."
Anyphgna calcarata Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. ; 1890, 8, p. 189? p. 6, f. 3, " 8
Q Conn.; West Haven, July
. . . . N. Pike's Long Island Collection.?' The IV coxae in the males have a small? pointed process directed outward; the I11 coxae have two processes, the posterior one is pointed inward and distinctly bifid? the an- terior process is a blunt tooth.
The principal process in
the palpus is broad and flattened. On the upper side of the tibia is a small spine.
This species is found from Massachusetts south to North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Missouri. Anyphzna fraterna (Banks)
Gayenna fraterna Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.; 1896, 23? p. 63. " 8 near Sea Cliff, N. Y.
June."
Anyphmm conspema Keyserling, Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien 1887, 37, p. 453, pl. 6, f. 23 " Q
Ky.; Bee Spring,"
preoccupied by sir no^^ 1878.
This species is distinctly spotted.
In the male the pos-
terior process on the I11 coxae is slender and simple, not bifid as in A. pectorosa. In the palpus the largest process is slender and curved only at the tip. The tibia has a small cone-shaped process on the inner basal side as well as a short spine on the upper. The epigynum is long and narrow instead of broad as in pectorosa. Type.
2 8 N. Y.; Sea Cliff, N. Banks Coll. Found from Massachusetts to Tennessee and Kentucky.



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The four following species form a natural group, with the third leg in the male modified, with the third femur en- larged, and one or two stout, cone-shaped spines on the posterior ventral side of the tibia.
In both sexes there is
a distinct dark ring near the distal end of each femur. Anyphzena celer ( Hentz )
Figs. 7, 25, 28
CZubiona celer Hentz? Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.; 1847, 5, p. 45z7 pl.,. 23, f. 20; reprint, p. 87, pl. 10, f. 20. "North Carolina, Alabama."
Anyphzna i~xcerta Keyserling, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 1887, 37, p. 452, pl. 6, f. 22. " 9 Mass. ; Cambridge.'' A widely distributed species found under dead leaves from New England to Texas. The position of the ventral furrow varies from mid-way between the spinnerets and the epigastric plate and nearer to the epigastric plate. The under side of the tibia of the third', leg has two very short spines on the posterior side.
A common species from Massachusetts south to Texas. Anyphama maculata (Banks)
Figs. 8, 31
Gayenm maczdata Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.; " 8 D. C.;
Washington.'' 1896, 23, p. 64. S. C. Bishop and Crosby, Journ. Mitch. Soc. 1926, 46, p. 189, pl. 24, f. 37, 38. Crosby and Bishop give a very full description of the male, but fail to mention the enlarged third femur and the two stout spines on the tibia of the third leg. The palpus
is very similar to that of A. celer, but the tibia1 apophysis is quite distinct. The upper branch is shorter and ends in a sharp point, and the inner branch is a thin leaf-like plate, folded almost double. The large rounded protuberance on the basal half is larger and more conspicuous than in A. ceZer.
Type: 8- D. C. Washington.




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112 Psyche [ June-September
8 s N. Y. ; Sea Cliff, N. Banks Coll.; s Va.; Falls Church, N. Banks Coll. 1 Ky.; Hart Co.; Rio. A. F. Archer coll.
Anyphaena coloradensis sp. n.
s 4.5 mm. long.
Cephalothorax light brown with faint dark marks from the lateral eyes to the posterior margin; abdomen light yellow with five median dark bars slightly bent as chevrons, sides and venter with dark spots and streaks; sternum light; legs light with dark spots at base of spines; spines I leg, tibia, 2-2-2 none apical, 2 lateral, metatarsus, 2-2, 2 lateral, metatarsus shorter than tibia; coxae I11 and IV densely, minutely, spinulate, femur I11 enlarged and on ventral surface, minutely spinulate; two long spines on dorsal surface and one very short, stout spine on posterior, tibia I11 two long spines on anterior edge and one stout spine posteriorly, two lateral.
Ventral furrow is nearer
spinnerets than to epigastric plate. Eyes; anterior row re- curved, A. M. E. smallest and 'less than their diameter apart, and less than radius from the A. L. E. ; posterior row procurved, P. M. E. nearer P. L. E. than to each other; laterals separated by less than radius of A. L. E.; quad- rangle nearly twice as high as distance between posterior median.
Palpus:
Patella as long as tibia; tibia1 apophysis pro- longed half the length of the tarsus, with upper edge ser- rate, with one distinct tooth midway, palpal organs filling the entire cavity and similar to A. celer. Q 4.7 mm. long.
Markings the same as in the male, but not quite as dis- tinct, except on the legs where the dark marks are more pronounced. The posterior coxae are not roughened or the I11 femur enlarged.
Eyes same as in the male. Epi-
gynum as figured.
Type: 1
8, 2 8 Col. ; Boulder, T. D. A. Cockerel1 coll. N. Banks Coll.




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Anyphaena crebrispina Chamberlin
Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent. Zool.; 1919, 12, p. 10, pi. 4, f. 4. " 8 Cal. ; Claremont", No. 353.
The third tibia has but one stout spine on the posterior side. . The tibia1 apophysis has the lower branch about one- third the length of the tarsus, with a distinct notch at the tip and the upper lobe in a pointed triangle. Type :
1 8 Cal. ; Claremont, R. V. Chamberlin Coll. This is probably the male of Anyphzna californica (Banks) as the later has been found at Claremont.