C. T. Brues.
Additions to the Phoridæ of Formosa.
Psyche 31:206-223, 1924.

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206 Pqjche [October
ADDITIONS TO THE PHORIDB OF FORMOSA
(D1PTERA)l
In 19112 the present writer published a list of the Phoridz of Formosa, baed on collections made by Mr. Hans Sauter during the years 1907 and 1908. Several years later, in 1911 and 1912 the same collector obtained an additional extensive aeries which are dealt with in the present paper. The material here considered, like the previous series was loaned from the collections of the Hungarian National Museum by my good friend the late Dr. K. Kertesz and the types have been returned to the museum. The first collection contained twenty species! all but one undescribed at that time.
The present one includes
fifteen species of which eight are new and seven have been pre- viously described; of the latter one is the widespread Aphiochizta pieta Lehm., another a species known from Java and seven were described from Formosa in my previous paper. Thirty species are therefore at present known to occur in Formosa, distributed in the following genera : Dohrniphora (4), H~pocera (11, Conicera (I), Aphiochmta (21), Phalacrotophora (11, Mallochina (11, and Puliciphora (1). Becker has reported the occurence of Aphiochceta $ava Fall., A. lutea Meig. and A. pulicuria Fall., and described Aphiochceta jasciventris which i8 not recognizable from his description. His Pho~a bicolorata is a synonym of the first species listed below. Dorniphora egregia Brues,
Ann. Mus. Huugarici, vol. 9, p. 534 (1911). (Phora).
Becker! Suppl. Entom., No. 3, p. 88 (1914) (Phora bicolomta). Brues, Journ. New York Entoin. SOC., vol. 23, p. 184 (1915). This is evidently a coininon species as there are nine spe- cimens from Kaukau (April, July and August) and Taihorin (May, July, August).
It occurs also in Java. The proboscis of 1Contributions from the Enton~ological Laboratory of the Bussey Insti- tution Harvard University, No. 239.
ZThe Phoridae of Formosa.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 9, pp.
530-535, 19 figs. (1911).




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19241 Additions to the Phoridce oj Formosa 207 the female is strongly chitinized) twice as long as the head-height, stout and geniculate at the middle.
The ch~totoxy of the hind tibiz is variable; in one male the hind ti'bia bears a bristle at the basal third and one beyond the middle) and in two of the females there is still another at the basal sixth; a single bristle just beyond the basal third is the most common arrangement. The front and mesonotum are sometimes reddish and the hind legs may be entirely yellowish. Dohrniphora conventa Brues.
Aim. Mus. Eat. Hungarici, vol. 9, p. 535 (1911) (Phora)
*4 long series of over sixty specimen8 representing both sexes are in t.he present collection. They are from Taihoku and Anping, taken during April and May,
Dohrniphora mordax Brues.
Ann. Mus. Nat,. Hungarici: vol. 9, p. 531 (1911). A series of nearly sixty specimens of this species was ob- tained at Anping during May ((from a box with papers, etc. which had been eaten by termites and containing also a rat's nest." From this it is probable that this form like several of it,s congeners develops in decaying animal matter. Phalacrotophora Enderlein
Phalacrotophora punc tifrons sp. nov.
9 . Length 2-27 mm. Fulvous yellow) mesonotum darker and pleur~ lighter below; palpi and legs testaceous; front piceous) yellowish near the lower margin; abdomen yellowish black at apex with a black spot at each side of the second seg- ment and a brown one at the side of the third; first, second and third segments with a brown streak across the hind margin) except at the sides. Wings strongly tinged with yellow, the



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heavy veins light brown, light veim darker brown. Front slightly more than twice as high as broad. Four proclimh b~%tles of nearly equal size; upper pair occupying oue-third the width of the front, lower pair one4xth; inner bristle of next rm, near the eyemargin and well above the pmbantennals, inner bristle very close to the eye and but little below the middle of the front; upper row with the lateral bristk very dose to the eye> the inner bristle cowidwably higher, dl bristles equi- distant; ocellar row of four strong bristles. OceIlar tubercle and median frontal groove distinct; vertex slightly elevatedl sharp &bow. Front covered with sparse, rather strong sti- gerous pi~~~ctures. Antenn~ small, nearly round, well retracted within their cavities; arista bare, as long aa the eye; pdpi small, with rather short bristles. PostocuIar cilia strong, larger near the middle of the eye; cheek with two stout br.ist!es and a series of smaUer ones beheen these and the antenns. Meso- no tun^ subshining, clothed with minute silky black hairs; two widely pa rated dmsocentrd bristles with several long black hairs between them. Scutellum large, semicircularJ with two very strong marginal bristles and a weak hair at each corner. Propleura with three bristles near the cox&, three weaker ones above md a few hairs between. Mesopleura above hairy like the mesonoturn, with one stout bristle almost as long as the eye at the lower hind angle of the hairy area. Sides of second seg- ment, with a brush of stiffl bristly hairs; third segment with a .
few scattered black hairs behind, especidly at the sides. Fourth segment soft and membranous, very pale; following darker, but still weakly chithized; laat segment narrow, tubular, black? with longitudindly striated chitinous covering. T~gs rather stout, the hind ,pair especially so. Front tibi~ with a single line of dose-set sctul~, their twsi dmder; middle tibia with a series of strong setd~ on each side of the seam, the outer row absent, however, on the apical third; hind tibk also with two rows, the inner one slightly aronger, with about ten bristles, aid $he outer one wit,h only eight a,s it does not extend quite to +he tip of the tibia. Hind metatarsus not noticeably thickened. Costa extending barely beyond the middle of the wing, not thickened, its cilia short and densely placed; first section one-fourth longer



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19241 Additions to the Phorid~ of Formosu 209 than the other two together; third one-third as long as the second; second vein leaving the third at a very acute angle; third vein nearly straight) lying near to the costa; fourth vein arising at the fork) bent at! the base) straight beyond; fifth bent just before the middle? but) scarcely sinuate; seventh long, nearly straight.
Type and four paratypes from Tainan, Formosa, April. This is a typical member of the genus with the long narrow front and biseriately setulose middle and hind tibi~. Two species of Aphioch~ta known from Formosa) A. airiclava Brues and A. jlaviclav~ may be distinguished at once by the shorter front, From Phalac.zotopho~u jacobsoni Brues described from Java the present species differs most conspicuously by having the front punctate, not smooth and polished.
Aphioch~ta Brues.
As in other parts of the world where Phorid~ have been collected, this genus is represented by more species than all the other genera of the family combined, and on accmmt of tJhe large number of Formosan species; a key has been included to facili- tate their identification.
I. Hind tibia with only a single row of set=, placed JUS~ .
inside the posterior edge. ......................... .2. Hind t4ibi= with a series of setq sometimes only on the basal half, just, outside the edge, in addition t'o the. inner series. ......................................... 19. 2. Mesopleura bare. .................................. -3. Mesopleuras above with a patch of bridy hairs which sometimes includes also a large bristle. ............. 16. ..
........................
3. Scutellum with two bristles. -4
Scutellum with four equal, or nearly equal bristles.. ..... 14. ..........
4.
Costa about half as long as the wing or longer. -5.
Costa very short) about one-third as long as the wing pygmaa Zett.




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Psyche [.October
Front much shortened) twice as broad as high; four pro- clinate bristles of equal size. .......... curtifrons Brues. Front quadrate, or with the ~OMW proclinate bristles weaker t,han the upper pair. ............................. -6. Haheres black) much darker than the me so no tun^.. ..... -7. Halteres pale) much lighter zhan the mesonotum. ...... 10. Costal vein extending far beyond the middle of the wing; fourth vein curved forward at both base and apex; wings distinct,l-y infuscated. ............. chipensis Brues Costal vcin not noticeably more than half the wing-length 8.
Four well developed proclinate bristles) setul~ of hind
............................
tibiz well developed. -9.
Only two proclinate bristles) the lower pair reduced to fine hairs) hind tibie obsoletely setulose. ... .n~eracuZa Brues. Costal bristles extremely minute; setiil~ of hind tibia ........................
rather small meijerei Brues.
Costal bristles larger) but rather short; setulz of hind ............................
tibiz long. sauteri Brues.
First section of costa longer than the second. .......... -11. Second section of costa longer than the first ............ .13. Wings hyaline; front about as wide as high; second vein nearly perpendicular to the costa. ..... narza Brues. Wings distinctly infuscated; front wider than high. ... -12. Costal cilia very short and densely placed; abdominal ter- ...................
gites normal. fowzomna sp. nov.
Costal cilia long and rather closely placed; third tergite ...............
reduced in female. pedicellata sp. nov.
Middle row of frontal bristles forming a straight trans- verse row; thorax piceous; hind legs very slender. recta Brues.
Middlc row of frontal bristles strongly curved downwards medial1 y ; t>horax yellowish brown ; legs moderately stout. cuwa Bruw .
Costal vein less than two fifths as long as the wing. insdam Brues.
Costal vein extending to the middle of the wing. ...... -15.



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19241 Additions to the Phoridce of Formosa 21 1 Four proclinate bristles on the front; second vein entering the costa almost at a right angle; costa extending di- tinct,ly beyond middle of wing. ......... trivialis Brues. Only two proclinate bristles; fork of third vein very acute; costa extending just to the middle of the wing. brunnicans sp. nov.
Scutellum with four bristles; halteres yellow. ochracea Brues. .... Scutellum with only two bristles; halteres black. .17. Costa a,bout half as long as the wing. ................. .18. Costa only two-fifths as long as the wing. brevinscula sp. nov. One of the mesopleural bristles greatly enlarged; wing broad especially at base. ...................... cemula Brues. Mesopleura with the bristly hairs all small; wing long and quite narrow. .................. simplicior Brues. Four scutellar bristles; mesopleura bare. .... picta Lehm. Two scutellar bristles; mesopleura above with bristly hairs ............................ and one large bristle. .20. Halteres pale. .................................... .21. Halteres black; mesonotum yellowish brown.articlava Brues Front one-third higher than broad; wings hyaline; costa half as long as the wing. ............ f laviclava Brues Front quadrate; wings distin~t~ly yellowish; costa extend- ing well beyond the middle of the wing. lanceolata sp. nov. Aphiochaeta meijerei Bmes.
Journ. New York Entom. Soc., vol. 23, p. 189 (1915). This species was described from Java.
There are six spe-
cimens representing both sexes from Formosa, collected at Anping during April, 1912, and at Taina'n during April, May and June, 1912. The female does not differ essentially from the male from which the species was described. The setae of the hind tlibiae form a single row just inside the posterior edge, but those of the middle tibiae are disposed in two rows, one on each side of the ha,ir-seam.



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Psyche
Aphiochaeta formosana sp. nov.
[October
3. Length 1.7-2.1 mm. Head and thorax brown, the front blackened, except at the edges and upper corners; ab- domen black, dull yellow on the base of the first segment; seg- ments one to six witch dull yellow posterior margins, wider on four and five which have the middle portion brown; antennae rufous, with the tip of the third joint black; palpi yellow; pleurae dark brown above, lighter below; legs yellowish brown, the hind femora blackened at tips. Wings with a decided brown- ish tinge especially around the margins; venation deep brown; halteres pa,le brown, concolorous with the lower part of t*he pleurae. Front distinctly wider than high; four postantennal bristles, the lower pair much weaker and closer together than the upper pair which occupy one-fifth t'he width of the front; inner bristle of lowest reclinate row on a level with the upper proclinate bristle and midway between it and the eye, the outer bristle well above it and less than half as far from the eye. Upper post- ocular cilium much enlarged, the others all strong and well- developed; cheek with a pair of strong bristles and a line of small ones extending to the antenna. Palpi with very strong bristles at tips. Antennas rather small; arista stout, pubescent, as long as the head-height. Mesonotum distinctly shining, with one pair of dorsocentral bristles; scutellum nearly as long as wide, witdh only two bristles, placed near the margin. Propleura with several minute bristles above and several larger ones below. Mesopleura bare. Second segment of abdomen with a cons- picuous tuft of bristles at the sides, much longer than the third; third to sixth gradually growing shorter. A marginal row of short bristly
hairs on segments two to five; sixth with similar ones on the disc. Hypopygium small, shining, with fine bristly hairs below. Apical lamella large, orange yellow, sparsely hairy, with the two apical bristles small. Front tarsi slightly thickened, the second and following joints each but little more than twice as long as thick, the first three together as long as the tibia. Middle tibia with a row of very weak cilia inside the posterior edge; hind pair with a stronger series of about 10-12 cilia, longest near the middle of the tibia where they are slightly longer than



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19241 Additions to the Phoridoe of Formosa 213 half the width of the tibia.
Wings rather narrow, especially
toward the tip, the costa and third vein not at all thickened apically, unusually far apart toward the base; costa just half the length of the wing with very short and densely placed cilia; first section as long as the second and third together; third one- third as long as the second; second vein very oblique, the cell narrow; fourth vein faintly curved near base, straight beyond; fifth and sixth each bisinuate, nearly parallel on the basal half and strongly divergent apically; seventh almost straight. In one wing the fourth vein is furcate near the tip where it gives off an oblique forwardly directed branch, an abnormality which I have never seen in any other Phorid.
Type, four paratype males and one female all from Taihoku. Formosa, May 19 12 (Sauter) .
In Lundbeck's table of European species (Diptera Danica, Pt. 6, 13. 212) this runs to A. uliqinosa Wood, from which it differ by the brownish wings and extremely short costal cilia. The thorax is also much lighter colored than in the European species. It is not very similar to any described oriental species. The female is essentially like the male, with the front tarsi equally thickened; the costa is slightly, but quite distinctly longer than half the length of the wing. Aphiochaeta pedicellata sp. nov.
9 . Length 2.0 nun. Thorax dull ferruginous, the meso- notum fuscous; legs dark brownish yellow; front black, whitish pollinose; abdomen piceous or black, the fourth segment with a yellowish stripe on each side of the median line; antennae rufo- piceous ; palpi dark yellow. Wings distinctly tinged with brown, venatlion clear yellowish brown. Halteres light yellow. Front broad, fully one-half wider than high; its bristles strong, more nearly perpendicular to the surface of the front than usual; four postantennal bristles, the lower pair considerably smaller and not much more approximate than the upper which are separated by one-fourth the width of the front; inner bristle of lowest reclinate row midway between the upper proclinate brist,le and on a level with it; lateral one but little higher, close to the eye;



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214 Psyche {October
upper row forming a nearly straight line, its bristles equidistant with the lateral one close to the eye; ocellar tubercle and median frontal groove distinct. Antennae small, round; arista strongly pubescent, one-fourth longer than the head height. Palpi rather large, with strong marginal bristles near tips. Cheeks each with three strong downwardly directed macrochsetse and a series of smaller bristles extending to the base of the ant>enna. Meso- notum rather long, highly convex; one pa>ir of dorsocentral bris- tles set as far apart as the lateral corners of the scutellum. Scutellum nearly twice as broad as long, with two marginal bristles, but no trace of a second pair. Propleura with a tuft of small bristles above, several more below near the coxa and a series of minute ones between, along its posterior margin. Meso- pleura entirely bare. Abdomen with some short hairs at the sides of the second and third segments, but without distinct lateral tufts; first three tergites completely chitinized; fourth with a short basal chitinized band and a very narrow median stalk-like chitinized strip, but with the sides entirely mem- branous; segments five and six chitinized as usual (these may be the sixth and seventh if two segments are included in the struc- ture described above as the fourth, which I think may possibly be the case); next segment short and very narrow, pale; last narrow, tubular, black. Legs rather slender ; fore tarsi slightly, but distinctly thickened, the second and following joints but little more than twice as long as broad. Cilia of hind tibia in a single row, rather delicate, the larger ones near the middle of the tibia about two thirds as long as its width; internally at the tip the hind tibia bears three comb-like transverse rows of minute bristles. Costa extending to distinctly beyond the middle of the wing, its bristles long and rather closely placed; first section barely longer than the second; third nearly half as long as the second (22:19:9); fork of third vein not very acute, the cell rather large; fourth vein strongly curved near base, more weakly '
so beyond, recurved at the extreme base; fifth nearly straight; sixth weakly bisinuate, seventh faintly curved. Type from Taihorin, Formosa, July, 19 11 (Sauter) . This is a very distinct species, resembling the Formosan A. curtifrons Brues, from which it differs by the long costal cilia.



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19241 Additions to the Phoridce of Formosa 21 5 Th ereduction of the abdominal tergites is somewhat similar to that of several European species, a character formerly overlooked, but recently described by Lundbeck and Schmitz. Aphiochaeta insulana Brues.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 9, p. 542 (1911). There are upwards of 150 females from Anping, Formosa, April to June, 1912.
The species varies greatly in size, ranging from 1.4 to fully 2 mm. in length.
This species resembles A. curtineura Brues from the Philip- pines, but there are four strong scutellar bristles, instead of two a,nd the mesopleura is bare; the propleura bears a large, cons- picuous bristle at its posterior angle just below the spiracle. Six males in the collection, also from Anping, possibly rep- resent the other sex of this species.
They are n~uch darker with
the thorax fuscous and the legs dull brown. The abdomen is
black, with narrow apical whitish bands at the apices of all the tergites. The scutellum bears only two bristles. If these should prove to be the male, the species must be like afew other mem- bers of the genus dimorphic, the males having two and t,he females four scutellar bristles.
Aphiochaeta brunnicans sp. nova
9. Length 2 mm. Thorax above brownish yellow; front piceous, somewhat lighter below; abdomen black, with very narrow pale posterior borders on segments 1 to 4; antennae piceous; palpi pale yellow; pleurae fuscous, much paler below; legs light brownish yellow, tips of hind femora blackened; hal- teres pale brownish; wings distinctly tinged with brownish yel- low, the venation fuscous, the discal veins heavy. Front quadrate or barely wider than high; ocellar tubercle and median groove present. Only two proclinate postantennal bristles, but these are large and strong, set half as far from one another as from the eye-margin; inner bristle of lowest reclinate row on a level with the proclinate bristle and midway between it and the eye-margin,



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216 . Psyche [October
the outer bristle close to the eye and only slightly higher than the inner one; middle row of four equidistant bristles, the lateral ones very close to the eye and set distinctly higher than the middle ones; ocellar row of four bristles, uppermost postocular cilium very much enlarged, directed upward and inward, lower cilia somewhat enlarged; cheek with a pair of macrochsetae; a series of four strong bristles between them and the base of the antennae; antennae of moderate size, with a stout pubescent arista as long as the head-height. Palpi rather large, closely and strongly bristled. Mesonotum quite shining; with a bristle above the spiracle and two dorsocentral macrochgetae; scutellum nearly twice as wide as long, with four large bristles behind, the lateral pair distinctly smaller, but still well developed. Propleura bristly above, along the posterior margin, and with three rather strong bristles just above the coxa. Mesopleura bare. Abdo- men with segments two to six of nearly equal length, the second. at the sides with a very noticeable tuft of bristles; sixth at the tip with a fringe of bristly hairs; all tergites fully chitinized Legs moderately stout, but not thickened; anterior tarsi slender middle tibiae with- a series of extremely minute cilia just inside the posterior edge; hind tibia with a similar series of rather small cilia which are stronger near the middle and weaker at base and apex. Costa extending just to the middle of the wing, with rather short, very closely placed cilia; first section slightly longer than the other two together; second three times as long as the third, the second vein leaving the third at a very acute angle, so that the lower side of the cell is twice as long as the upper; fourth vein curved at the base, but almost straight beyond, originating distinctly beyond the fork of the third vein; fourth and fifth very slightly sinuous; seventh faintly curved; wing large and rather narrow. Halteres brownish yellow. Type from Tiahoku, Formosa, April 1912 (Sauter). This species resembles A. humeralis Zett, but differs in the weak cilia of t,he hind tibia, very much higher front and non- thickened costa. From A. rubricornis Schmitz it differs by the absence of the lower postantennal bristles, weaker cilia of the hind tibiae and in the course of the fourth vein. From A. errata Wood it differs by the longer first costal division and absence of



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19241 , Additions to the Phoridce of Formosa 217 a distinct intraalar bristle. Among the previously known For-