Article beginning on page 307.
Psyche 3:307-308, 1880.

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PSYCHE.
FRAGMENTS OF THE COARSER ANATOMY OF DIURNAL LEPIDOPTER,A.
BY SAMUEL H. SCCDDEK, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
(Continued from 9. 298.)
8. THE LARVA OF WLOPHRYS RUBI, OF EUROPE. Muscular system. The ventral mns-
cular band on each side of the median
line is treble, each division of abont the same width as the others.
Digestive system. The oesophagus
enters the stomach with no marked crop,
the canal only enlarging slightly to 0.2 mm. diameter just in advance of the
stomach, at the end of the second
thoracic segment ; the stomach is shorter than usual, occupying only one-half the
length of the entire canal and ending
abruptly at the end of the fourth abdom- inal segment. It is furnished with
longitudinal and transverse muscular
fibres, the bands along the middle of the dorsum several in number and more
distinct than the others. The colon is
much slenderer than usual, and about as
long as the intestine.
The salivary glands are large, broadly
tortuous tubes, their extremities attached near the middle of the thorax to the dor- sal vessel.
The malpighian vessels originate in a
long and slender, slightly tapering, sub- cylindrical sac, 0.65 mm. long, lying
along the side of the intestine, but at- tached only by the broader end ; the basal tube arises from the opposite extremity, and branches at a distance from the base of the tube of less than half the length of the sac ; the lateral branches are not very closely approximated to the stom-
ach, somewhat irregularly directed, and
run as far as the front of the abdomen ; the inferior branches extend about the
same distance.
Circulatory system. The dorsal vessel
is a comparatively large and equal tube, running distinctly as far as the end of
the third abdominal segment; at the
point where the salivary glands are
attached to it, it becomes suddenly,
though only slightly, enlarged, and grad- ually tapers beyond to nearly its former size.
Nervous system. The cephalic lobes
are entirely distinct from each other, bat in juxtaposition ; each is nearly globular, but a little ovate, about 0.28 mm. long, and as high as broad. The suboesoph-
ageal and thoracic ganglia are as broad
as long and of nearly the breadth of
one of the cephalic lobes, but in the
abdomen the ganglia grow slenderer in
passing backward, so that at last they
are hardly broader than the cord, and
scarcely to be distinguished from it by
anything more than their greater opac-
ity and depth. The fourth and fifth
body-ganglia are scarcely nearer together than the first and second, the fourth lying midway between the third and the sixth ;



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308 PSTCHE.
the third and fourth are slightly more FmaIe generatwe organs. The ova- than one millimetre apart, and. separated ries, situated in the hinder half of the by a slightly greater distance than any fifth abdominal segment, are 0.4 mm. two of the abdominal ganglia ; the angle long, oblong ovate in shape, and of a
of the cords between the third and fourth white color. body-segments is much nearer the latter Rudiments of wings. The wing-pads than in. Daiiais; the last two ganglia are of the mature larva are nearly circular, so closely united as to appear as one flattened disks, a tittle more than a mil- long ganglion, and they are not quite so limetre in diameter, directed backward, far removed from the tenth ganglion as those of opposite sides turned a little that is from the ninth. In at least the toward each other, the metathoracic abdominal segments, the lateral nerves overlapping the nearer edge of the are thrown off from the cord at a dis- me~othoracic, and originating upon the tame from the ganglia equal to the dorsum, so near the median line that width of the cord. the inner edges of those on one side Glandular system. The silk vessels meet the corresponding parts of those pass as slender, broadly curving, but on the other, reaeinbling in their diaposi- not tortuous, thread-like tubea beside the tion the appearance of the wings in the intestinal canal far some distance, when pupae of epkemeridae, and having the they curve inward so a,s to meet beneath very opposite position to that which they the stomach and rnn side by aide, ex- will finally aa~ume in their own pupal stage. panding rapidly and greatly to a cylin- What is sf41 more to be remarked is that drical tube 0.3 mm. in diameter in the they originate very far fiwm the tracheal front half, about half that in the poe- trunks, and I did not see that tracheal tenor portion as far as the middle of tubes of any sort passed to them. Tra-
the second abdominal segment; here ces only of vessels can be seen in their each diminiahea rapidly in size, and- interior, but no such definite arrangement denly turns back upon itself and then, of branching tubes as waa noticed in again resuming its former direction, ends Hamadryus; these did not seem to run in a delicate thread. to the base of the wing-pad. 9. LARVA OF EURYMUS PHILOBICE, OF N. AMERICA. Muscular system,
A set of nearly tinuous from segment to segment; tile parallel, but slightly converging bands
inner band of each segment broadens
runs from beneath the insertion of the
posteriorly to cover the base of the inner longitudinal ventral muscular ribbons to two of the succeeding segment ; the the ventral line, terminating at the mid- " middle band is continuous with the outer die of the anterior half of the succeed- of the succeeding segment, and the ing segment. As to the dorsal muscles, outer stops altogether at the end of the the three longitudinal strips found on segment; so that each line of muscles each side of the dorsal line are not con- is oblique and extends over three aeg-




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ments, being timer on one, middle they diverge nearly from their origin ; on the next, and outer on the third ;
between the first body-ganglion and the
but a portion of the hi ner remains inner suboesophageal ganglion the cordsarcpar- throughout.
allel, but separate, and a little parted in Dtqestive system. The salivary glands the middle. The third ganglion lies in the .ire 4 mm. long, flat and simple, bent
middle of its segment, the fourth at the abruptly outward beyond the middle, anterior edge of its segment, and only ' tapering slightly and regularly to a 0.75 mm. from the third; the fifth in the bluntly rounded tip.
middle of the anterior half of its aeg-
The malpig11ia.n vussels originate in
meut : the eleveuth ganglion ia consider- an oval gland or sac, 0.45 mm. long and
ably longer than broad, and the pair of
0.2 mm, broad, a abort distance beyond
posterior, backwardly directed, diverging which the under branch is thrown off and nerves is larger than any of She others, immediately afterward the two others.
and may be looked upon as the continua-
The under branch passes forward in tion of the connecting cords between the a straight and not a tortuous course, and other ganglia.
is proportionally about as long as in Glandular system. The basal thread h i s ; the upper branch extends for- of the silk vessels is straight and not ward for a distance of 3.75 mm. ; the tortuous ; the basal half of the stouter '
lateral to tine point where the silk vessels vessel is flattened ; it extends backward bend, 7 mm. from its origin.
as far sa the third abdominal segment
Nerwus system. The cephalic lobe8 and then tin'us abruptly, with a slight are globular. The cords connecting the
forward curve, to the upper side of the
second and third body-ganglia iim to- body, where it contiaues in a straight gether for nearly one-quarter the distance line as far, apparently, as the end of the from the secoud backward, then diverge
sixth abdominal segment. The length
considerably, and again converging, enter of the initial thread or duct is 3.25 mm. ; the third ganglion afcaperceptible distance of the portion of the ribbon or vessel upon apart; nearly the same is repeated be-
the under surface 4 mm. ; of that upon
tween the first and second ganglia, but
the upper surface 5.25 mm.
(To 6e confiuurd (W p. j^y.)
COLOR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED BY INSECTS.
BY HENKY WARUTURNER, ITHACA, S. r.
SOME apec'imens of &vopJiorus wcti- hist., 1848, a. 2, v. 1, p. 200) says they luws Linn., from the West. Indies, that give out a rich yellow-green light when were brought to the Academy of natural
flying and a green light when in captivity. sciences, at Philadelphia, gave out a very Photw-is pensylva'inca gives out (some- bright-green light from the two dorsal
times atleast) a very decided green light, prothoracic spots, and also from the and Photinus pyrdt,S a yellow light from ventral ~iirface near the base of the ab- the ventral surface of the two or three domen. Gosse (Ann. and mag. nat. last segments of the abdomen.



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