E. P. Felt.
The Gall Midge Fauna of New England.
Psyche 20:133-146, 1913.

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PSYCHE
VOL. XX. OCTOBER, 1913. No. 5
THE GALL MIDGE FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND.
BY E. P. FELT,
Albany, N. Y.
The following list of New England Diptera referable to the Itonididge has been made possible through the co-operation of a few individuals. Mr. C. W. Johnson and Mr. Owen Bryant have collected in various localities and generously placed their material at our disposal, while Miss Cora H. Clarke has been particularly successful in collecting galls and rearing the adults. The late Dr. M. T. Thompson made noteworthy additions to our knowledge of this group. In addition to the above we have referred to the list of insect galls prepared by Miss Stebbins.l This latter in- eludes a considerable number of common species which have also been recorded or observed by other workers. In view of the fact that nearly 900 species of gall midges are known to occur in America, it can hardly be claimed that the present list of 137 species exhausts the possibilities for New Eng- land, though it compares very favorably with the list of forms recorded by us from western North America? a territory much larger and more diversified than that of New England. The sim- ilarities and differences in our knowledge concerning the fauna of these areas is well shown in the following tabulation. 11910, Stebbins, F. A.
Springfield Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 2
2 1912, Pomona College Journ. of Ent. 4353-57.



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Psyche
[October
AMERICAN SPECIES OF ITONIDID&.
Subfamilies or tribes
North
America
.........
Lestremiinarise
.......
Campylomyzarise
...........
Heteropezinse
.............
Epidosarise
.......... Dasyneuriarise
...........
Lasiopterarise
......... Oligotrophiarise
.........
Asphondyliarise
It onidinari se ............
A reference to the above table shows a fairly uniform tribal and subfamily representation in the known New England forms. A
detailed examination of the list will show that much of our knowl- edge of Cincticornia and Caryomyia is due to the work of Miss Clarke. Comparing the New England fauna with that of the western part of the Continent, it will be noted that in the latter, both the Lestremiinarise and the Campylomyzarise exceed the New England forms by considerable, while no representative of the Heteropezinse has been collected and there is a relatively small representation of the Itonidinarise. Over half of the known Ameri- can species have been reared. There is still an immense amount of work to be done along this line and in New England at least, one would expect judicious collecting to result in the discovery of at least a fairly rich fauna in both the Heteropezinse and the Epidosarise.
A considerable porportion of the many forms occurring on Salix and Solidago3 should be found in New England. In addition to the species tabulated below, there are some twenty-two names which have been applied to galls collected in New England and which probably represent undescribed forms. These latter names, some of which are valid, are given at the end of the list.
New England
3 Journ. Econ. Entom. 4:468-72.
Western
North America




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19131 Felt-The Gall Midye Fauna of New England 135 Catocha americana Felt, Franconia, N. H., Mrs. A. T. Slosson. C. slossonoe Felt, Fr.anconia, N. H., Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Lestremia franconice Felt, Franconia, N. H., Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Carnpylomyzarise.
Prionellus dilatata Felt, Worcester, Mass., Dr. M. T. Thompson. Monardia barlowi Felt, Kingston, R. I., Prof. John Barlow. M. articulosu Felt, White Mountains, Morrison. M. modesta sp. nov., New Haven, Conn.,TL L. Viereck. Heteropezinse.
Miastor americana Felt, Connecticut, Prof. W. M. wheeler. Johnsonomyia rubra Felt, Montpelier, Vt., C. W. Johnson, June Didacttjlomyia longimana Felt, Auburndale, Mass., August 1906, C. W. Johnson.
D. capitata sp. nov., North Adams, Mass., August 1907, Owen Bryant.
Colpodia cornuta sp. nov., Jamaica Plain, Mass., October 31, 1910, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
Dirhiza montana Felt, White Mountains, Morrison. Asynapta frosti sp. nov., Framingham, Mass., June 1, 1910, C. A. Frost.
A. nobilis sp. nov., Bridgeton, Me., August 25, C. W. Johnson. Dasyneuriarise.
Rhabdophaga salicifoliu Felt. Thickened, greenish midrib fold on Spiraea.
Magnolia, Mass., Miss Cora H. Clarke.
R. batatas Walsh. Irregular, ovoid or subglobular twig gall on willow. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. R. strobiloides Walsh. Pine cone gall on willow, common in New England.
R. brassicoides Walsh. Large, open, rosette or cabbage gall on willow.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. R. gnaphaloides Walsh. Ovate, terminal bud gall on willow. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins.



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136 Psyche [October
Dasyneura trifolii Loew.
Apposed, deformed, discolored leaflets
of sweet clover. Stowe, Mass.
D. cyanococci Felt, Stowe, Mass., apical bud gall on blueberry. D. clematidis Felt. Irregular, subglobular bud gall on Clematis. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. D. parthenocissi Stebb. Thickened midrib or vein fold on Vir- ginia creeper.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. D. gleditschioe 0. S., New Haven, Conn., on honey locust, June 1904, B. H. Walden.
D. americana nom. nov. (D. qalii Felt) Magnolia, Mass. Flower
bud galls on bedstraw, Miss Cora H. Clarke. D. corticis Felt, Boston, Mass.
Small willow twigs, Miss Cora
H. Clarke.
D. seminivora Beutm. Irregular, deformed fruit of violet. Spring- field, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins.
D. salicifolii Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Young terminal adherent
willow leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
D. ulmea Felt. Aborted elm buds, Jamaica Plain, Mass., J. G. Jack.
D. gaylussacii Felt. Oval, valved midrib gall on cranberry. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. D. radifolii Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Oval galls on root leaves of
Solidago, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
D. aromaticoe Felt, Barre, Mass.
Sprigs of mint, Miss Cora H.
Clarke.
D. toweri Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Enlarged flower buds of Hyperi-
cum mutilum, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
D. serrulatoe 0. S. Apical bud gall on alder. Springfield, Mass.,
Miss F. A. Stebbins.
Cystiphora viburnifolia Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Blister leaf galls
on hobblebush, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
Lasiop terari se .
L, vitis 0. S.
Irregular, tumid, greenish or reddish leaf or tendril gall on grape.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. L. corni Felt.
Yellowish, purple-margined, blister gall on Cornus stolonifera.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. L. clavula Beutm.
Clavate apical twig gall on flowering dogwood. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins.



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19131 Felt-The Gall Midge Fauna of New England, 137 L. impatientifolia Felt.
Tumid midrib fold on balsam or jewel-
weed.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. L. querciperda Felt.
Subcortical swellings on white oak twigs. New Haven, Conn., A. B. Champlain.
L. farinosa Beutm.
Warty, pruinose leaf gall on blackberry. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. L. nodulosa Beutm. Irregular, subcortical stem gall on blackberry. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. L. galeopsidis Felt., Boston, Mass.
Irregular stem galls on hemp
nettle, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
L. virginica Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Stem galls on Marsh St.
Johnswort, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
L. convolvuli Felt. Fusiform stem gall on hedge bindweed. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. L. cylindrigallae Felt.
Long, uniform stem swelling on solidago. Mount Tom, Mass., Dr. J. R. Gillett.
L. solidaginis 0. S. (tumijica Beutm.) Irregular or eccentric stem gall on solidago. Worcester, Mass. Dr. M. T. Thompson. L. clarkei Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Whitish, circular blister gall on
Aster macrophyllus, Miss Cora H. Clarke. L. spiroefolia Felt.
Yellowish brown, blister gall on Spiraea sal- icifolia. Magnolia, Mass., Miss Cora H. Clarke. Neolasioptera vitinea Felt, Worcester, Mass. An obpyriform conical, slightly curved petiole gall on grape, Dr. M. T. Thompson.
N. sambuci Felt, Worcester, Mass.
Irregular stem gall on elder,
Dr. M. T. Thompson.
N. perfoliata Felt, Worcester, Mass.
Stem gall on boneset, Dr.
M. T. Thompson.
N. ramuscula Beutm., Worcester, Mass.
Fusiform stem gall on
aster, Dr. M. T. Thompson.
Asteromyia vesiculosa Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Oval swellings in
aster leaves, Mrs. H. M. Tower.
A. carbonifera Felt.
Oval, black blister gall on Salix graminifolia, Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. A. dumosoe Felt, Annisquam, Cape Ann, Mass. Inconspicuous
blister leaf gall on aster, Miss Cora H. Clarke. A. asterifolice Beutm. Yellowish white, dark-margined blister leaf gall on aster.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins.



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138 Psyche [October
A. flavolunata Felt.
Marginal stem, oval, yellowish blister gall on Solidago canadensis. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. Clinorhyncha filicis Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Apparently reared from galls of Hormon~yia verruca Walsh, Miss Cora H. Clarke. Camptoneuromyia rubifolia Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Marginal leaf galls on high blackberry, Miss Cora H. Clarke. Oligotrophiarise .
Phzjtophaga rigid& 0. S, Apical, fusiform, beaked gall on willow. Springfield, Mass.; Miss F. A. Stebbins. Janetiella asplenifolia Felt, Worcester, Mass. Fleshy leaf fold near midvein of sweet fern leaves, Dr. M. T. Thompson. Rhopalomyia clarkei Felt, Tannvorth, N. H. Small, fusiform gall on Solidago leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke. R. hirtipes 0. S. Worcester and Springfield, Mass. Globose rootstalk and apical stem galls, Dr. M. T. Thompson and Miss F. A. Stebbins.
R. racemicola 0. S. Springfield, Mass. Greenish or reddish, subglobular flower bud gall on solidago, Miss F. A. Stebbins. R. solidaginis Loew., Springfield, Mass. Apical, globular, rosette gall on solidago, Miss F. A. Stebbins.
R, anthophila 0. S. Green, densely, pubescent, cylindric flower gall on solidago.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. R. latergori Felt. Axillary bud gall on Aster lateriflorus. Spring- field, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins (gemmaria). R. thompsoni Felt, Worcester, Mass. Globular or ovoid root stalk gall on Solidago, Dr. M. T. Thompson.
R. astericaulis Felt, Worcester, Mass.
Oval twig gall on aster,,
Dr. M. T. Thompson.
R. pedicellata Felt.
Green, red-marked, fusiform, stemmed leaf gall on narrow-leaved solidago.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A*
St ebbins (euthamioe) .
R. bulbula Felt, Worcester, Mass.
Small bulb-like galls on Soli-
dago, Dr. M. T. Thompson.
R. castaneoe Felt, Stowe, Mass.
Leaf petiole of chestnut.
R. ? strobiligemma Stebb.
Apical or axillary, ovate bud gall on
white heath aster.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. Sackenomyia virburnifolia Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Purplish vein
swellings on Viburnum, Miss Cora H. Clarke.



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19131 Felt-The Gall Midge Fauna of New England 139 S. packardi Felt, Canton, Mass. Swollen twigs of the long-leaved willow, Winthrop Packard.
Asphondyliari ae.
Asphondylia monacha 0. S., Barre, Mass.
Apparently unmodified
Solidago florets, small, apical rosette galls and adherent leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
A. thalictri Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Distorted seed capsules of
Thalictrum, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
A. ? diervilloe Felt. Distorted fruit of bush honeysuckle. Spring- field, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins (inaequalis}. A. conspicua 0. S.
Irregular, subglobular apical gall on cone flower. Westville, Conn., Dr. W. E. Britton. Schizomyia pomum Walsh & Riley. Green or reddish, nut-like, polythalamous bud gall on grape.
Springfield, Mass., Miss
F. A. Stebbins.
5. coryloides Walsh & Riley. Clustered, fusiform, woolly, pubes- cent bud gall on grape. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins.
Cincticornia serrata Felt, Boston, Mass. Circular blister galls on scarlet oak, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
C. caryoe Felt, Worcester, Mass.
Probably reared from oak leaf
gall by Dr. M. T. Thompson.
C. pustulata Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Pustulate swellings on leaves of black oak, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
C. sim& Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Oval, blister galls on oak leaves,
Miss Cora H. Clarke.
C. podagroe Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Narrow, fusiform vein swell- ings on black oak leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke. C. globosa Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Subhemispheric galls on black oak leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
C. piluloe Walsh, Worcester, Mass. Reddish brown, thick- walled galls on oak leaves, Dr. M. T. Thompson. C. sobrina Felt, Worcester, Mass. Reared by Dr. M. T. Thomp- son, probably from oak leaves.
C. connecta Felt, Westville, Conn., Dr. W. E. Britton. <7. pustuloides Beutm. Blister or pustule galls on scarlet and black oak leaves.
Springfield, Mass., F. A. Stebbins.




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140 Psyche
[October
Itonidinarise.
Contarinia spirceina Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Bud galls on Spiraea,
Miss Cora H. Clarke.
C. p yrivora Riley, Meriden, Conn., Coe Brothers. C. setigera Lintn., Lowell, Mass.
Reared from melon tips.
C. virginianice Felt.
Swollen, deformed fruit of wild cherry.
Stowe, Mass.
Thecodiplosis dzdichii Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Fruit of Dulichium, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
T. liriodendri 0. S., Boston, Mass. Ocellate leaf galls on tulip, Mr. J. G. Jack.
Dicrodiplosis fulva sp. nov., Jamaica Plain, Mass. Leaf galls on
oak identified as those of Neuroterus umbilicatus, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
D. antennata Felt, Orono, Me. Larvae preying on false maple scale, Phenaccocus acericola King, Dr. 0. A. Johannsen. D. Helena Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Subglobular galls on poplar leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
Youngohyia umbellicola 0. S. Swollen, unopened florets of elder. Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. Aphidoletes cucumeris Lintn., Lowell, Mass. Reared from lice-
infested melon tips.
Lobodiplosis acerina Felt, Brookline, Mass. C. W. Johnson.
L. quercina Felt, North Adams, Mass., Owen Bryant. L. speciosa sp. nov.
North Adams, Mass., August 1907, Owen
Bryant.
Coquillettomyia bryanti sp. nov., North Adams, Mass., August 1907, Owen Bryant.
C. dentata Felt, Greylock Mountain, Mass., August 1907, Owen Bryant.
Clinodiplosis caulicola Coq., Portsmouth, N. H. Stems of Ice- land poppies, D . W. Coquillett .
Caryomyia arcuaria Felt. Smooth, thin-walled hickory leaf gall. Worcester, Mass., Dr. M. T. Thompson.
C. caryce 0. S. Nearly smooth, thin-walled, yellowish green or brown, usually slightly nippled hickory leaf gall. Spring-
field, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins.
C. inanis Felt. Thin-walled hickory leaf gall with false chamber at the apex.
Worcester, Mass., Dr. M. T. Thompson.




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19131 Felt-The Gall Midqe Fauna of New England 14 1 C. persicoides Beutm. Thick-walled, globose hickory leaf gall with short, curly hairs.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. C. holotricha 0. S.
Thin-walled, globose hickory leaf gall with rather long, rust-red hairs.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A.
Stebbins.
C. caryoecola 0. S.
Conical hickory leaf gall with a long, slender apical process.
Springfield', Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. C. sanguinolenta 0. S.
Conical, short, thin-walled hickory leaf gall.
Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. C. tubicola 0. S.
Cylindric or tubular hickory leaf gall. Worces- ter, Mass., Dr. M. T. Thompson.
C. thompsoni Felt, Worcester, Mass.
Hickory leaf gall, Dr. M. T.
Thompson.
Hormomyia shuwi sp. nov., Hampton, AT. H., S. A. Shaw. H. canadensis Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Woolly, lipped gall on shad- bush leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
H. johnsoni Felt, Auburndale, Mass., C. W. Johnson. H. clurkei Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Terminal bud gall on Spiraea,
Miss Cora H. Clarke.
H. verruca Walsh, Magnolia, Mass.
Subconic, clustered galls on
willow leaves, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
H. cincta Felt, Hampton, N. H., S. A. Shaw. H. modesta sp. nov., Auburndale, Mass., C. W. Johnson, New Haven, Conn., B. H. Walden.
H. pudica sp. nov., Hampton, N. H., S. A. Shaw. Monarthropulpus buxi Lab., Kingston, R. I. Blister galls on Box
leaves, Prof. E. A. Stene.
Hyperdiplosis bryanti sp. nov., North Adams, Mass., August 1907, Owen Bryant.
Parallelodiplosis spira Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Marginal roll on
leaves of Spiraea, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
P. cattleya Moll., South Natick, Mass.
Roots of Cattleya, A. P.
Morse.
P. clurkei Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Narrow apical bud galls, on
Spiraea, Miss Cora H. Clarke.
Itonida canadensis Felt, Magnolia, Mass. Woolly, oval vein galls
on shadbush leaves. Miss Cora H. Clarke. I. spirceina Felt, Magnolia, Mass.
Bud galls on Spiraea, Miss
Cora H. Clarke.




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142 Psyche [October
I. foliora Rssl. & Hkr., Amherst, Mass. Marginal leaf roll on oak leaves.
I. reflexa sp. nov., Hampton, N. H., S. A. Shaw. I. rigidce "Pack,, Springfield, Mass., Miss F. A. Stebbins. A number of galls from which adults have not been reared have been recorded from New England. These deformities have been described and named as follows:
Cecidomyia bedeguar Walsh, celastri Stebb., citrina 0. S., cro- talarice Stebb., eupatorifloroe Beutm., impatientis 0. S., lappa Stebb., majalis Bass., muscosa Stebb., niveipila 0. S., ocellaris 0. S., pellex 0. S., poculzm 0. S., potentilloecaulis Stebb., pudibunda 0. S., racemi Stebb., reniformis Stebb., serotinoe 0. S., squanzulicola Stebb., tuba Stebb., venoe Stebb., and verrucicola 0. S. A number of unnamed galls undoubtedly exist in New Eng- land territory.
Monardia modesta sp. nov.
This small midge was taken by Mr. H. L. Viereck at New