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Psyche 10:19-21, 1903.

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SOME SPECIES OF EULECANIUM (COCCIDAE) FROM FRANCE. BY T. D, A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. MEX. Dr. P. Marchal has sent me five species of EULECANIUM collected in France. It might be supposed that these ithects, coming from such a country, WOUM be easily referred to well-known species; but as a matter of fact their identification has given me much trouble. Judging them by the standards of specific distinc~ion laid down by Signoret, they could all be regarded as new to science. However, it is now generally admitted that Signoret over-clivided his species, and an extreme view in the oppositc direction is held by Mr. R. Newstead, who writes me that in his opinion Lecanium cayreuz, gmewnse, and f~mzm {at least as understood in England) are one species; and further, that L.$e~sicm, ro~uruwz, and sa~ofhumni are also one, This surprising. union of species hitherto regarded as distinct must be taken seri- ously, for Mr. Newstead has gone over the ground very carefully, and would not make such a statement without excellent reasons. It was otherwise when Forster proposed to unite the whole series of EULECANIUM under the specific name mga- &~?24'2drn.
The measureinents of antennae and legs in this paper are a11 in micromillime- ters.
The paper is based wholly on fernaks. The tarsus is always measured without the claw.
EULECANIUM MAGNOLIARUM ckll. var. HORTENSIAE, 7k.W. tZU7J. On HORTENSIA (2. e, HYORANGEA) ; Nice, July, 1899. (Marcha1 No, 7.) Rather light ferruginous, elongated, with a strong and sharp dorsal keel (in dried examples) ; surface rugow and tuberculate. The scales appear to have becn variegated with black and jcl1ow when alive.
Scales crowded, overlapping; long. 54, lat. 3, alt. about th nlm~ Legs: femur and trochanter, 180;
tibia, 120; tars~~s, 93. Legs not as described for I*. herheridis.
Antennae 8-jointed, 3 and 4 very variable ; tbree antennac ~nwsured thus : Joints: (1.1 (2-1 (3.) GI-) (5-1 (6.1 (7.1 (8.1 4s. .w 45 7.59 45. 33. 30. 42.
? 4s. 60. 66. 42s 2 7 9 24. 35.
?
42. 65. 57. 48. 27. 27. 45.
1 Externally, the L8cnmkin 6er8evidh of Beriese and L.conarC~ {Cherm. Ital.) is very like E, he&mslw, laaving the aame ahape, same keel, and pustulated swface. It difKers from 8. hm&nsh in being Iarger, much redder, and without the black or biack'ih marbling. I doubt its identity with the true L. berbwidis.



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20 PSYCHE [February.
The typical E. magnoZia~wt~ was found in Calilornia under circ~~n~sta~~ces indicating that it was i~npurted from Japan, No doubt E. horfeflsiae reached France from the Orient, and it is not native anywl~e~e in Europe, Of the native French
species, the nearest to it i? Edecatzz~~iz gezistae (Signoret), These forins ale placed in EULECANIUX, but they shonr a good deal of resem- blance to CALYMNATUS
Marchal No. 12. Collected in France in 1900 (exact locality not stated). Rather Iavge, moderately convex, dark ferruginous, with 21 prominent hut very broad and blunt longitudiual kcel ; sides deeply and coarsely pitted. Two scales measure thus : -long. 64, lat. 5, alt. 3 mn1. lung. 5, lat. .+, alt. 2# mrn.
Anterior leg: femur + trochanter, 162; tibia, 114; tarsus, 78. Aulennw &jointed; joints : (I.) 36, (2. j 30, (3,) 98, (I.) 21, (5.) 18, (6.) 36. This species is new to France; it was sent as doubtful I?. robim'amm, which it evidently is not. In the structure of the scale, with the prominent long smooth dorsal area, limited on either side by pits, 23. ciliatum exactly resembles the A~nerican E. m~zadmseand kamaseme, which are well figured by Hunter in Kan- sas univ. quartel-ly, April, 1899, ?I. xiv. The antennae of the present insect (but not the scale) agree with E. ,~i~ejsferi, kipzfii, and mme~zia~~t~vz, and nearly with faysa,?e. The antennae also resemble quite closely those of E, rosae (but joint 2 is too short), putzasf~i, and kiZ?L~m87L~t (but joint 3 is too long),
EULECANIUM GENEVXNSE var. MARCHALI, var. m7n On ROSA ; Fontenay (Seine) ; M:irchaI No. 3. Light ferruginous ; easily k110wn from E. ~z$fiiZ~m hy its somewhat larger size, more shin- ing surface, and deeplj pitted sides.
There is no distinct longitudinal keel. Long. +*, lat. 3$, alt. 3 mm.
After boiling in liquor potassae the skin becomes nearly clear, but the area around the aual lobes remains hr0m.n.
The antennae are 7- to 8-jointed (one specimen has the left antenna with 7, and the I-ight with 8 joints), short and rather stout, without the long bristles of B. mbi.
The tessellation of the skin is verj distinct in places. Anierio~. leg: femur + trochanter, 150; tibia, go; tarsus, 78. Measurements of three antennae:
Joints : (I.) (2.) (3.) (4.) (5.) (6.) (7.1 6) 15 (prox.) 21. 72. 27. 25. 18. 23.
? 27.
84. 27.
27, 21.
28. -
? 24.
42. 36.
33. 30.
24, 30.




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This is near to 3. ,pmwtnse, and is ~xovisionally regarded as a variety of it, but ,peveme, and also the forms said by Mr. Newstead to be identical with it, are always described as having 6-jointed antennae. The 7-jointed anLenna is of the general type of E. ~ua~h~m~//m, bnt tl~c third joint is nluc11 too shurt, T11e 8-jointed antenna is not unlike the E. roxurum of King and Reh, 1vl1ic11 I feel persuaded is not the true E. ?omrum. The ?-jointed antenna is not at all like the 7-jointed form of the King and Re11 E. rosarum. Dr. Marchal sent two lots, one on CAR~NUS, La Vienne, France, July 25, 1896 ; the other marked " Lmmiurn pe?zus, Department de la Vienne, France," June 6, 1896.
Rather small, light ferrnginous, convex, not shiny ; not keeled, nor punctured. Long. .3-4, Iat. 2:-3, dt. 18-2 mm.
Legs : femur + trochanter, 126.135 ; tibia, 84-96; tarsns, 60-69. The legs and antennae are very slender; width of femur, 30-33; width of tibia, 12-15. Antennae 7-jointed, varying to 6 and 8.
Measurements of four antennae :
Joints: (I.) (2.) (3.) (4.1 (5.) (6.) (7.1 (8,) ? 30, 7.5, 21. 2 1. 54. - -
3O. 33, 90. 24. 21. 78,
- -
? 30. 93, 18. 24. 18. 30. -
? 27. 75, 21. 18. 18. 1.7. 24.
It will be observed that the third joint alwayb remains very long, even in the &jointed forms,
The 8-jointed antennae are near those of Z. ~ugo.wm, but the scale is different.
I have not seen the typical i7. alzi Mocleer (Ztcmium ahi Douglas, Ent. mo. mag., Sept, 1886, 11. 80-XI), nor did Signoret recognize it. Jlonglas found it at
Lewisham and Catford, Eugland, on alder. The proposal to treat E. ~ztfuhm as a
variety of E. alniis provisional, and depends upon a strong similarity which seems to be indicated by Modeer's original (1778) description. Marchal No. 14, on peach, at Cette, June, 1898. Small and very dark, almost black, very convex, no longitudinal keel, sides more or less malleate. Three examples measure :
Long. 3+, lat. 34, alt. 22 mm.
"
3k,
" 34,
c8 24 "
"
2*,
G 8
,' I% G'




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2 2 PSYCHE [February
The scale is unus~~ally dark and stronglj chitinized. There is apunctused band running anteriorly from tlie anal plates in the middle line. Antennae 8-jointed. Below I give measnrements of tlie antennae of the present insect, and also of 6- and 7-jointed E. $rumz.sfi,i, from slides prepred by Mr. Peyqandc. Joints: (I.) (2.) (3.) (4.) (5.1 6 1 (7.) (8,) ? 33. 42. 24, 36. 21. I 8. 33.
?
45 45. 60. 17. 11. 34.
-
? 30. 90. I7, 21. 34, - -
BUTTON-BUSH INSECTS.
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, LAKE FOREST, ILL,
E~~tomologists who collect from flowers know how many insects gather about the heads of the button-bush - the "l~oneyballs" of popular nomenclature. These
heads are conspicuonsly white, their frggrance is very marked, their nectar is abundant, often filling the corollas so full that short-tongued insects may sip from thein, and the psotandrous stamens heap their pollen upon the style lcnob, which then protrudes conveniently for the benefit of pollen feeders, By carefully ing these flowers through theis season, one may obtain nearly a11 the flower-visiting insects of his neighborhood.
My own too brief season of butterfly collecting was spent at Piasa Bluffs on the Mississippi, where there were a few button.bns11 clumps along the 1-iver banks under the edge of the bluffs ; and there the butterflies swarmed -all the butterflies of that vicinity. They made a picture there wI1ic11 I shall always remember with delight. Dozens of them in a bright hued throng, poising on the swaying heads, or hovering over the dark green clumps that were set at the out& edge of a thin fringe of vegetation that stretched between the gray cliffs above the shining river below.
The predominant visitors are butterflies, but this predominance is undidy apparent because these are so conspicuous. Robertson (Bot. gaz.; vol. 16, 65-66) lists 60 species of insects as visitors to the button-bush flowers. Of these 26 are butterflies and zo are bees.
. I spent the summer of 1899 in Lake Forest; and there, under favorable condi- tions, began a study of the insects affecting the button-bush - not the transient visitors of the flowering season, but the resident insects that enter more closely into ecological rela~ions with it. I found some 30 species of these, and made some observations on the habits of many of them. I planned to continue my observa-



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