\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Problem Description}{15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Motivation}{15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}The Need for Policy Awareness in Content Reuse}{16}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}Exposing Licenses}{17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Tools Developed}{17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}Thesis Overview}{18}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Background}{21}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Content Reuse Defined}{21}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Policies for Rights Enforcement on the Web}{22}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Digital Rights Management (DRM)}{22}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Copyright through Licensing}{23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Choosing a License}{23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Creative Commons Rights Expression Language (ccREL)}{24}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Anatomy of a CC License in RDFa}{24}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Data Purpose Algebra}{26}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Inline Provenance using Metadata}{27}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}License Violations Assessment on the WWW}{31}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Experiment Setup}{31}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Ensuring a Fair Sample}{31}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Checking for Attribution}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Results}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Issues in this Experiment}{34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{No Self-Attribution}{34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Location of the Attribution}{35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Blog Aggregators Ignoring Attribution Information}{36}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Refining the Results}{37}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Extensions to this Experiment}{37}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Attribution License Violations Validator}{41}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Checking for Attribution License Violations}{41}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Design and Implementation of the System}{42}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Site Crawler}{42}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Flickr Query Evaluator}{43}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}License Checker}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Notification System}{45}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Semantic Clipboard}{47}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Inspiration}{47}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Enabling Awareness of Licenses}{48}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Design and Implementation}{50}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}RDFa Extractor}{51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.2}UI Enhancer}{53}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.3}Attribution XHTML Constructor}{54}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.4}User Interface}{55}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Related Work}{59}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}License Detection Tools}{59}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}License Embedding Tools}{60}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Transferring Metadata with Content}{61}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Commercial Applications for Detecting Violations}{62}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Summary}{63}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Contributions}{63}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Challenges}{64}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}Challenges for the Attributions License Violations Validator}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tracking Provenance}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Subsequent Changes in the License}{65}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Scope of the Human Readable Attribution Notice}{65}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Limited Flickr Support for License Expression}{66}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.2}Challenges for the Semantic Clipboard}{66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{License Granularity in the HTML DOM}{66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Browser Dependence}{66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Usability vs. Operating System Independence}{67}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Future Work}{67}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.1}Check for Other Types of License Violations}{67}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.2}Give Credit to the Original Content Creator as Requested}{68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.3}Extend to Other Media Types}{68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.4}License Granularity}{69}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.5}Persistent Data Storage}{69}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.6}User Study}{69}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.7}Widening Social Criteria}{70}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Conclusion}{70}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Model Using the AIR Policy Language}{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Introduction}{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Scenario}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.2.1}CC-BY Policy Expressed in AIR}{75}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.2.2}Results}{75}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}Links to Code and Demos}{77}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.1}Experiment to determine Attribution License Violations on Flickr Images}{77}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.2}Attribution License Violations Validator}{77}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.3}Semantic Clipboard}{78}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.4}Creative Commons License Scenarios in AIR}{78}