Notions & Notations of the Semantic Web

6.898 Fall Seminar Course

Overview

Wilson conjectured a now famous result in number theory but was unable to prove his conjecture. He thereupon remarked that perhaps an entirely new notation for number theory would be needed to prove the conjecture. When Gauss heard about the affair, he proved the conjecture in a few minutes by a very simple argument, and acidly remarked 'what he [Wilson] needed was a notion, not a notation.'

Gauss, [Johann] Karl Friedrich ["Prince of Mathematics"] (1777-1855)
German mathematician
http://www.anecdotage.com/index.php?aid=14633

This is a reading seminar that will prepare students to do graduate-level research on the applications and control of automated reasoning on the World Wide Web. Special attention will be paid to "policy awareness" -- controlling the use of online resources through rule-based policy management systems that can be deployed in the open and distributed milieu of the Web.

Topics include Web architecture; markup languages and Semantic Web infrastructure; automated reasoning, backtracking, and truth maintenance; and policy management, representation, and enforcement.

Thursdays 11.00am - 12.30pm Room : 32-G397

W3C Zakim conference bridge
Tel:+1.617.761.6200
Conference code: 6898

Mailing list : 6898-fall06@lists.csail.mit.edu

Instructors

Participants/Listeners

Sandro Hawke, Research Scientist, W3C
Dan Connolly, Research Scientist, W3C
K. Krasnow Waterman, Sloan School, Graduate Student
Dharmesh Shah, MIT Sloan Fellows
Gabriel Zaccak, Graduate Student, Infolab, CSAIL
Moin Ahmad
Ilya Sytchev, Endy Lab, Biology Department
Deborah L. McGuinness, Stanford
Mark Nahabedian, Alumnus
Eric Miller, W3C
Jim Mahoney
Viktor Kuncak, Graduate Student, CSAIL
Carlos Delgado Kloos, Professor on Sabbatical

Reading List

Understanding the Semantic Web
Control of Reasoning
- Logic
  - Patrick Suppes, Introduction to Logic
  - D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1957
  - Sussman, Unpublished lecture notes, 1976
  - "AMORD: Explicit Control of Reasoning," Johan de Kleer, Jon Doyle, Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman, in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Programming Languages, Sigplan Notices, Vol.12, No.8, and Sigart Notices, No.64, August 1977
- Truth-Maintenance Systems
  - "Forward Reasoning and Dependency-Directed Backtracking in a System for Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis," Richard Matthew Stallman and Gerald Jay Sussman, in Artificial Intelligence, Vol.9, pp 135--196, 1977
  - Forbus,K.,deKleer,J.: Building Problem Solvers The MIT Press, 1993
  - http://www.cis.temple.edu/~ingargio/cis587/readings/tms.html
- Constraint Propagation
  - Waltz,D.: Understanding Line Drawings of Scenes with Shadows. in Psychology of Computer Vision, ed. P.Winston, MIP Press, 1975
  - "Heuristic Techniques in Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis," Gerald Jay Sussman and Richard Matthew Stallman, in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, CAS-22, No.11, November 1975
  - "CONSTRAINTS --- A Language for Expressing Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions," Gerald Jay Sussman and Guy Lewis Steele, in Artificial Intelligence, No.14, pp. 1--39, 1980
- Non-logical reasoning
  - Winston P., Learning and Reasoning By Analogy, in Communications of the ACM Vol.23, No.12, 1980
  - A Preliminary Study in Computer-Aided Legal Analysis, J. A. Meldman, MAC TR-157, 1975
- Software
  - Chris Hanson, Gerald Jay Sussman, Truth Maintenance and Constraints
Policy representation, management, and enforcement
- KAoS
  Uszok, A., Bradshaw, J., Jeffers, R., Suri, N., Hayes, P., Breedy, M., Bunch, L., Johnson, M., Kulkarni, S. and Lott, J. (2003). KAoS Policy and Domain Services: Toward a Description-Logic Approach to Policy Representation, Deconfliction and Enforcement, IEEE Policy Workshop 2003
- Rei
  Lalana Kagal, White Paper on Rei, 2005
- Ponder
  N. Damianou, N. Dulay, E. Lupu, M Sloman, The Ponder Specification Language, Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (Policy2001), 29-31 Jan 2001
- PCA
  Andrew W. Appel and Edward W. Felten, Proof-Carrying Authentication, ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, November 1999
- Peer Trust
  Rita Gavriloaie, Wolfgang Nejdl, Daniel Olmedilla, Kent Seamons, Marianne Winslett, No Registration Needed: How to Use Declarative Policies and Negotiation to Access Sensitive Resources on the Semantic Web, In Proc. of 1st European Semantic Web Symposium, May. 2004, Heraklion, Greece
- REWERSE
  Piero A. Bonatti and Daniel Olmedilla, Policy Specification Language REWERSE deliverable
- Policy Aware Web
  Weitzner, Hendler, Berners-Lee, Connolly, Rules-based Access for the World Wide Web
- Proof Markup Language (PML) Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Deborah L. McGuinness and Richard Fikes, A Proof Markup Language for Semantic Web Services, Information Systems, Accepted for Publication.
  Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Explaining Answers from the Semantic Web: The Inference Web Approach, Journal of Web Semantics. Vol. 1 No.4., pages 397-413, October 2004

Syllabus

tr>

Date	Topic	Instructor	Reading Assignment
9/8/05	Introductions Web Architecture		Architecture of the World Wide Web
9/15/05	Introduction to Logic	Gerry Sussman	Review of Logic and Rules The system P-ND
9/22/05	Use cases	K. Krasnow Waterman	Slides
9/29/05	Semantic Web Tutorial	Sandro Hawke	Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3 Slides
10/6/05	AMORD and truth maintenance	Gerry Sussman & Chris Hanson	Chris's material Gerry's
10/13/05	Discussion on TAMI goals
10/20/05	The Semantic Web as a language of logic	Dan Connolly	http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Logic Slides
10/27/05	Proof Markup Language	Deborah McGuinness	http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-04-01.html Presentation (ppt)
11/3/05	Hypothetical Use Case	K. Krasnow Waterman Chris Hanson	K's slides (pdf)
11/10/05	Discussion on the hypothetical use case
11/17/05	Example	Chris Hanson
12/1/05	No Class
12/8/05	Use Case	K. Krasnow Waterman
	Class has ended

maintained by Lalana Kagal
$Revision: 1.34 $ $Date: 2005/12/08 17:22:15 $