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Psyche 5:303-307, 1888.

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PSYCHE.
SYNOPSIS OF THE ODONATA OF NORTH AMERICA, NO. 2. THE GENUS ANAX.
BY HERMANN AUGUST HAGEN, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. I. ANAX LONGIPES.
Awax longipes, female, Hagen Synop.
New. N. A., 1861, 118, 2 ; Stett. ent.
zeitung, 1863, v, 24, 373, 53; Ver-
handl. Wien z001.-bot. ges., 1867, v. 17, 3 j ; Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist., I 874, v. 16, 350, 2 ; Synop. Odon. N. A., 1875,
32, 2 .-Brauer Reise osterr. freg. Nova- ra, 1866, bd. 2, 60, 3 .-Male, M'Lach-
lan Ent. ino. mag., 1874, v. 10, 227 ;
1883, v. 20, 129, 171.-Hagen, up.
cit., 1883, v. 20, 169.
Male (living), eyes dark reddish
brown ; head, thorax, base of abdomen
green ; abdomen beautiful brick red ;
front green ; without any spot above ;
vertex, antennae, occiput black ; eyes
behind with a very large elongated
green spot ; thorax beautiful green ; legs black, femora yellow, the articulation
with the tibiae and the inside of the
anterior femora black ; posterior tibia
12 mm. ; posterior femur 16 mm. ; hind
legs reaching beyond the fourth seg-
&ent ; abdomen with the two basal
segments inflated, green ; first segment with two brown spots on the basal
thoracical impression ; second segment
with a transversal dark median stripe,
a darker anteapical spot and two round
apical reddish green spots ; the trans-
versal median stripe is interrupted in
the middle by a granulose somewhat
triangular plate ; the following- segments of a beautiful brick-red, segments 3 to
5 with a biiown triangular apical spot,
less marked in 6, and a triangular basal brown spot on 4 and 5 ; all of these
spots disappear in the dead insect,
and
the color of the abdomen becomes an
indifferent reddish brown ; last segment above with a narrow impressed rim at
the middle of the base; appendages
brick-red; the superiors as long as the
two last segments, straight, narrow,
cylindrical at base; along the external
margin with an elevated keel ending in
a short spine on the apex ; a large basal excision internally ; the inner margin
of the following part is also slightly
excised ; inferior appendage very shoi t, narrowed to tip, with two apical black
tubercules above ; on each side of the
second segment below there is a small
pointed spine on the basal plate near
the margin of the genitals,
Wings hyaline, venation black, costa
yellow, pterostigma narrow, yellow ;




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3 04 PS?'~.E?A?!?. [February 1890.
membranula black, white at base ;
antecubitals I 7-19, postcubitals 8-10.
A male from Haulover, Fla., 3 March,
though of a slightly smaller size, is not different. One from Haiti also of a
similar size differs by the unfinished
color of the occiput (it is somewhat
livid) and by the presence of a yellowish tinge in the middle of the hind wings.
Three males from Mexico are a very
little smaller, but do not differ except that the femora are very dark brownish
red, the pterostigma a little darker and there is a yellow tinge in the middle of the hind wings.
Female (living), head, thorax, legs
and the two basal segments of the
abdomen as in the male ; eyes blue,
the hind margin of the occiput on
each side yellow ; second segment with
a transversal brownish median stripe
on each side ; a darker anteapical spot, and two apical blue ones: abdomen
from the third segment brown, segments
3-9 with two apical blue spots, seg-
ments 3-7 with two basal blue spots,
and segments 4-6 with two interme-
diate blue spots ; appendages light
brown, as long as the two last segments, lanceolate with an elevated keel to the
tip, which is not sharply pointed ;
wings as in the male ; I 9 antecubitals, g postcubitals.
Two females from Florida are a little
smaller, the color and pattern are
similar, the last segment is light brown. Race CONCOLOR.
Amx concolor Brauei- Reise Osterr.
freg. Novara, 1866, bd. 2, 66, pi. I, f. 15, app. $ .-Hagen Synop. Odon. N.
A., 1875, 38, 2.
Male, though a little smaller it is en-
tirely similar to A. longipes, except the color of the abdomen, which for seg-
ments 3-10 is not red but dark brownish- black with the pattern of large spots
just as in the female ; color of these
spots yellowish ; the two basal segments in color and sculpture as in A. loag'ipes; appendages red, occiput more livid ;
wings as in A. Zongz''es; antecubitals
15-19 ; postcubitals 8-9 ; the abdomen
also is similar to that of the described living female ; the blue spots are re-
tained perfectly in the dead specimen.
Longipeh 8 Concolor8
Mass. Fla. Haiti. Mexico. Brazil.
Length. 85
79 74 72 70-74
Abdomen. .58 55 53 50
50-53
Appendages. 6
6 6 6 6
Exp. wings. no
102 102 100 92-95
Hind wing. 53
-51 51 48 44-48
Ptcrostigma. 6 6 5 5
5
Longipes 2 Concolor 9
Mass. Fla. Brazil.
Length. 86 76-73
76
Abdomen.
60 56-52 54
Appendages.
6 6-5 5
Exp. wings.
114 103-99 100
Hind wing.
56 51-49 4s
Pterostigma.
6 6-5 5-44
HAB.
Georgia, Abbot, a male in the
Museum of science and art, Dublin ; a
female (my type) in the collection of
Escher Zollikofer, now in the Univer-
sity museum in Zurich, Switzerland ;
two males and one female collected by
myself, 25 August, 1875, at Woods Holl,
Mass. ; a female (not seen by me) col-
lected by Mr. P. R. Uhler, in 18'75 near Baltimore, Md. ; a female collected by
Mr. R. Thaxter in T 875 in Florida, and




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a pair collected by Mr. H, G. Hubbard
3 March, at Haulover, Florida; two
males Jalapa, Mexico and one male
Amula, Guen-em, Mexico, 6000 ft.
August, Mr. H. H. Smith ; one iniilc
collected by Mr. W. Cabot, 14 Febru-
ary, 1884 in Haiti ; var. concolor three males, one female collected by Mr. H.
IT. Smith at Matto Grosso, Brazil ; one
male, type of Bsa11e1- (not seen. by me), near Rio Negro, Brazil. I am glad to
record 19 specimens of this species.
which has been considered very rare.
When I described A. lo~zgifcs only the
female was known, and when Mr.
Bi-auer described A. concolor but one
male was in his hands. The number
of males now before me makes it certain
that A. concolor is only a southern race of A. /oug/$q having the pattern of
the abdominal spots of the female also
preserved in the male. I confess that
a similar race of an Anax or of an
Aesch is unknown to me, but the ex-
act identity of all other characters agrees well with my opinion. The splendid
brick-reel color of the living' male ma? perhaps be variable, as I have seen but
two m;ilcs alive. It is remarkable that
both the inale cang-ht by myself and the female caught by Mr. Thaxter had cap-
tured a Pa.pi/io asteriq had cut off
the head of the same and were ready to
devour their prey when canght them-
selves.
Mr. W. Cabot also brought from
Haiti some nympha skins which prob-
ably belong- to A. longipes. They are
of the size of A.junz'm but are red. I
am not able to make out any specific
difference.
Mr. L. Cabot, Mein. mus. comp.
zool. v. 8, p. 17, has described the sup- posed nympha of A. maziZi, from Ja-
maica ; he now believes this to be
identical with the nymphs from Haiti,
supposed to belong to A. Zong-ipes.
. ANAX JUNIUS.
Libe7Zufa junta DSLII-y Ill., I 770, v.
I, 112 pi. 47, f. 5.
Aeschna j'z~nz'a Bunn. Handb., 1839,
v. 2, 841, 18.-Say Journ. Acad. nat.
sci. Phil., 1839, v. 8, 10, 2.-Ramb.
New., 1842, 196, 6.
Anaxjwiius Selys Rev. Odon., I 850,
328.-Sagra Ins. Cuba, 1856, 458.-
Hagen Synop. Neur. N. A.. 1861, 1 18,
I ; Stett. ent. zeitung, 18-56, v. I 7, 369 ; 1860, v. 21, 213 ; 1863, v. 24, 373, 51 ; Verl~andl. Wien xoo1.-bot. g'es., 1867,
v. i 33 ; Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist.,
. -
A., 1875, 32, I .-Brauer Reise osterr.
freg. hi-a, 1866, 1x1. 3, 61, 10.-
Walsh Proc. acacl. nat. sci. Phil., 1862, 397--Cabot Mein. inus. comp. zool.,
1881, v. 8, 15, 4, pi. I, f. 2.
Anax s$&fcz-7/.~ Ramb. New., 1842,
186, 4, pi. I, f. 14.
Head and thorax grass green, abdo-
men ultramarine blue (male), obscure
pale purple or lilac (in the living' fe- ; front above with a round black
spot with a circular dark blue band
around ; feet black, femora rufous ; first segment and the base of the second
'These colors of the living' insect were given to me by the late Renj. D. Walsh.




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PSYCHE.
[February 1%.
green, with the transverse elevated rim
not interrupted, but united with the
opposite one at a right angle ; a dorsal fuscous fascia, interrupted and partly
angulose on the abdomen after the basal
segments ; male appendages dark fus-
cous, straight, enlarged towards the
apex. with an internal excision on the
tip and a sharp external apical spine ;
inferior very short, quadrangular, trans- verse ; those of the female lanceolate ; wings hyaline, flavescent or not in the
middle ; costa yellow, also the narrow
pterostigma ; membranula black, white
at base ; antecubitals I 6 - 19, postcubi- tals 7-9.
Length, 68-78
Exp wings, 104-1 16
, Pterostigina. 7
HAB. St. John, New Brunswick,
August ; Canada, St. Hyacinth, Que-
bec, Provancher ; Hamilton, Ontario,
end of August, Moffat. United States :
Mass., Magnolia, Milton. 13rookline. -
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Philadelphia.-Md.,
Kent., S. C., Geo., Ha., Mo., La.,
Tex., Ill., Mich., Minn., Dak., Nev.,
Cal,, Or. The Dalles, June.--N. Mex.,
Ariz., Alaska, Sitka.
Mexico : Matamoras, Jalapa, Amu-
la 6000 ft.-Costa Rica.
Antilles : Cuba, Poly ; Martinique.
China : Petcheli Bay, April, Osten
Sacken ; Kamtschatka.
Sandwich Islands : Oiihu, Honolulu,
Taiti (Selys) .
I have described as A. strenuus a
female, now in the Copenhagen muse-
um, from Oahu, collected during the
circumnavigation of the GALATHEA.
The only difference from A. iunius
consists in the shape of the occiput (the lateral lobes being longer, more elevated and quadrangular) and in the gigantic
size. Length, 94 mm., exp. of wings, 136 mm. The specimens of A. junta's
from Oahu are all very large, but the
size of this giant is entirely unusual.
I have before me a number from Oahu
but none of them similar in size.
3. ANAX WALSINGIIAMI.
A m wa/si~zghami M'Lachlan Ent.
1110. mag., 1883, v. 20, I 27, 171.
Anax validus Hagen Synop. Odon.
N. A., 1873,32 (no description) ; Cabot
Mem. mus. comp. zool., 1881, v.8, 15.
Head yellow, front with a round
black spot in a blue ring, anteriorly
bordered with a fine black line ; vesicle black, transversely yellowish above ;
antennae black, seta brownish ; occiput
yellow, emarginate ; head behind yel-
low, with a superior narrow blackish
margin ; thorax green ; feet black,
femora reddish brown, the anterior
yellow beneath ; length of the posterior femora about 14 mm ; abdomen very
long (male), especially segments 5-6,
shorter in the female ; blue at base,
suture of second segment interrupted at
the middle, a dorsal blackish band,
beginning on the fifth segment and
finishing on the ninth with an apical
elongate blue spot 011 each side, and a
%ma1 whitish one on segments 8 and 9 ;
the last segment as broad as long (male) blue, margin black and irregularly
black on the dorsal line ; superior appen- dages of the male, short, broad, brown,
flattened and foliaceous, upturned on the



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apex ; in front of the appendages a deep excision forms a strong, long tooth ; in- ferior appendage one half shorter, slight- ly longer than broad, shallowly excised
on the tip. Appendages of female short,
oval. Wings large, hyaline, neuration
black, costa yellow, pterostigma short,
brown ; 1nernb1-anula black, white at
base ; antecubitals I 9- I 6 ; postcubitals 10-8.
Male. Female.
Length, 10.5 95
Abdomen, 85 77
Exp. hind wing. 125 120
HAB. California, San Diego.
This species was discovered by the
late G. R. Crotch in 1872. He gave
two splendid couples to the Museum of
comp. zool. Later several specimens
were collected in northern California by Lord Walsingham ; the collection of the
Museum has two males from Tucson,
Arizona. An incomplete male (not seen
by me) from Guatemala is in M'Lach-
lan's collection. Mr. L. Cabot in '^The
immature state of the odonata.
Part 2.
subfamily Aeschni7zi" 1881,p. I j, men-
tions some nymphae from Sail Diego,
California, more bulky than A. j?/7ziz/s and with two black teeth in the middle
of the comb of the front border of the
mask and another large nymphs from
New Mexico. It was believed rather
doubtful that nyinphae so similar to those of A. f'anius should belong to the gigan- tic and very different A. validus (=waZ- singham/"). After a new and detailed
study of this subject I think these nym- phae may belong to A. walsi~ighamz'~
4. ANAX AMAZILI.
Aescha amaz/Z/ 13urm. Handb.,
1839, v. 3, 841, 19.
Anax niaculatus Rambr. Nevr., I 842,
183, 7.
Anax amazili Hagen Synop. Neur.
N. A., 1861, I 19, 3 ; Verhandl. Wien
2001.-bot. ges., 1867, v. I 7, 38 ; Synop. Odon. N. A., 1875, 32, 4; 38., I.-
Bi-auei- Reise Osterr. freg. Novara, 1866, bd. 2, 61, 9.
The color of this species is black and
and green but the green is not so beauti- ful as in Lepthemis vesiculosa Fabr.
This note is by Mr. Veilenmann and
made from specimens collected by him
in Pernambuco, Brazil. My description
in the Synopsis is made from Professor
Burmeister's types.
HATS. Guatemala ; Cuba ; Barbados ;
Porto Cabello, Venezuela ; Amazon,
Para, Pernambuco, Rio, Brazil.
There are on the whole continent of
America only four species of Anax
known. The gigantic size and brillian-
cy of their colors makes it rather impsob- able that any new species will be found, but of course it is not impossible. Of
the four species A. ~~ATI/?AS is strictly North American, passing down a short
distance to the Isthmus and the Antilles. This species is apparently introduced
into the Sandwich Islands, where its size is larger, and in the north in China and Kamtschatka.
A. longi$es is a South American
species, passing along through the An-
tilles and Florida and, favored by the
Gulf stream, to southern Massachusetts.
A. waZsinghanti is a North American




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308 PSYCHE. [February 1890.
species, found west of the Rocky Moun-
the Antilles and Central America.
tains, extending south to Guatemala.
There are two species in Australia,
A. amazili is strictly a South Aimer-
three in Europe, four in Africa and per- ican species extending to the north to
haps ten in Asia.
THE ARGYNNIDES OF NORTH AMERICA.
13Y IIENKY JOHN EI-WES, CIRENCESTER, ENGLAND. [Reprint. p. 563-575, from "A revision of the genus Argynnis," (Trans. ent. soc. London for the year 1889, p. 535-575-)]
The Argynnides of North America
are, without exception, the most diffi-
cult butterflies to classify that I have ever studied. I have a collection which
includes authentically named specimens
of almost all the species and varieties, many of them direct from such well-
known collectors as Messrs. H. Ed-
wards and Morrison ; many from Messrs.
Strecker and Geddes. I have also
seen some of the best collections in the United States, and studied all, or almost all, the large mass of scattered literature and notes on the genus by Messrs. W.
H. and H. Edwards, Mead, Geddes,
Scudder, and Sti-ecker. I have repeat-
edly tried to construct a key by which
the supposed species could be identified, and can only say that I have completely
failed. I am certain that no entomologist, who received to-day the most perfect
collection which could be got together
from all parts of North America, and
had to classify and describe them with-
out regard to the works of others, would make anything like as many species as
have been recognized. It seems pre-
sumptive for a man to set aside much of
what has been written by those who
have seen, both living and dead, so many more specimens than I have seen, and
yet I cannot, in dealing with the
American forms, adopt as specific,
characters so slight and variable that
they would not be recognized as such in
the much better known European spe-
cies. And to show that it is not my
ignorance alone which makes the. diffi-
culty, I may say that it is just those spe- cies which I have personally observed in life, and which I have most carefully
examined, such as A. eurynome, A.
ZiZz'ana, A. monticola, and A. meadii,
in which I have found my uncertainty
the greatest. Mr. Strecker's remarks,
on p. I 18 of his Catalogue, are so much to the point that I will quote them here, and can only say if our American col-
leagues do not agree with them, let them rather point out how others hay under-




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