Article beginning on page 214.
Psyche 5:214-221, 1888.

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of Fitch and ziczac and octonotuta of
Walsh. The unicolorous species are
per& Fitch commz'ssuralis Stal and
australis and ulbicam of Walsh. Rosae
Harris, I think, belongs here.
There are no described species of
JQupteryx in North America but I am
acquainted with several undescribed.
One would expect that several Amer-
Scan species would be the same- as
European but although I have compared
our species with the descriptions of the European insects and have had a con-
siderable set of European /y$h/ocybini
for comparison I have yet to find one
identical.
This family is certainly a promising
one for study as the literature is small and, therefore, easily obtained and a rich harvest of new species is waiting to
reward the student.
NOTES ON CERTAIN CYNIPIDAE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, AMES, IOWA.
( Concluded from p. r88.)
"NEW SPECIES DESCRIBED.
Gall-fly : Female. Head, dark reddish
GALLS ON WHITE OAK (L&ercus alba) .
brown with median line of face, vertex,
Andricus foliaformis, n. sp.
and occiput almost black;
front and
~~11. small wart-like projections genae with many short gray hairs ; ver- thrown out from the mid-rib on the
tex bare.
Thorax from collar two-
under side of the leaves from whir-1, the way the scutellum, there grows a leafy expanse that extends between the parapsidal grooves, black ; on all sides like the corolla of a the remainder of the thorax brown. flower. (Fig. I .)
Pal-apsidal grooves distinct but not
deep ; outside of the grooves on either
side a longitudinal patch of black is
separated from the central black portion by a yellowish-brown line along either
groove. Dorsal portion of thorax
sparsely haired ; pleurae rather densely haired ; tegulae brown. Abdomen
brown, smooth and shining, the dark-
est portion being on the posterior dorsal part.
With a power of 50 diameters,
minute punctures can be seen on the
abdominal segments ; second segment
sparsely haired on sides. Scutellum
with two fovae at base separated from
each other by a narrow ridge ; rounded
Fig. I.
behind, black at base, changing to




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brown at the tip, and thinly set with
long hairs. Head, thorax and abdomen,
when examined with a power of fo di-
ameters, have a scaled appearance. An-
tennae three-fourths the length of the
body, 13-jointed, first and second joints stout, third joint longest, last joint
nearly equal to the two preceding in
length ; slightly clavate and rather
densely ciliated throughout ; basal
joints, yellowish-brown. Length of
body, I .5 mm.
Described from a single specimen that
issued 30 July.
Biorhiza rubinus, n. sp.
Galls : When the leaves begin to
turn in October, subglobular juicy galls about two or three mm. in diameter and
rosy in color are found attached to the
under side of the leaves. From a num-
ber of these galls collected in October, '87, four were selected and opened 15
October '88, from which one fully de-
veloped female cynip and three plump
white larvae were obtained.
Gall-fly :
Shining black in color ex-
cept the joints of the legs which are yel- lowish-brown. Head and thorax appear
to be covered with shiny black scales.
Clypeus with a number of rather stout
hairs ; a very few short hairs 011 front border of epicraniurn and on occiput ;
vertex bare. Antennae I 3- jointed
reaching the middle of the abdomen,
first and second joints nearly equal in
length and rather stout, the first some- what stouter than the second, third joint longest and most slender, third to I 2th gradually shortened,
13th once and a
half as long as the I 2th ; brown-black
in color and covered with a short gray
pubescence. Parapsidal grooves are
shallow and indistinct, but can be traced about one-third of the way from the
scutellum to the collar. Scutellum much
rounded behind and with two shallow
fovae at base. Abdomen a smooth glossy
black. Legs rather thinly set with a
gray pubescence ; femora with the same
scaled appearance as the head and tho-
rax ; thorax sparsely set with short gray hairs. Length I .5 mm.
SWAMP OAK (eercus bicolor).
Holcas-pis bassetti^ n. sp.
Gall : The gall occurs, sometimes
singly, but usually in clusters about the twigs. The cluster represented at Fig 2
Fig. 2.
was composed of 30 of these galls closely



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crowded together. The galls resemble
very much the galls of Holcaspis duri-
coria Bass. (Cynijs mamma Wal.)
(Fig. 3). The galls are very much the
Fig. 3.
shape that a thick waxy material would
take if dropped on the twigs and then
suddenly congealed, leaving stout, teat- like projections standing out from each
drop. The central cell is placed low in
the gall and can usually be seen protrud- ing when the latter is broken off. Some
entomologists have thought this gall to
be identical with Walsh's C. mamma,
but I have examined a large number of
both forms and the following points
of difference, which convince me that
this, if not not a new species, is certainly a well marked variety :
H< bassetti as compared with H.
duricoyz'a, is rather larger and is more irregular in outline. The teat-like pro- jection is much heavier and longer in
proportion to the size of the gall and
appears to be a drawn-out portion of the substance of the gall, while in duricoria it is a small, hard pointed projection
much resembling a spine in many cases,
and often almost entirely wanting. In
bassetti the substance of the gall is more corky and easy to cut. The central cell, as before stated, is at the base of the
gall, and when the latter is removed the point of the cell can usually be seen pro- truding below. Before the gall is de-
tached the central cell is situated with its greatest diameter perpendicular to
the limb at the point of attachment of
the gall. In diincoria the cell is situ- ated at the centre of the gall ; it never protrudes from below when the gall is
detached ; and it always has its greatest diameter parallel with the limb at the
point of attachment of the gall. The
central or larval cells are also different- ly shaped. In duricoria the cell is
egg-shaped, while in bassetti the end
towards the tn ig is somewhat pointed,
so that the cell is very much the shape
of a plump apple seed with the point
rounded off.
Gall-fly : Female. Median line of
the face black, the black portion being
broadest between the eyes ; vertex dark
brown to black ; occiput black ; orbits
and genae cinnamon brown; clypeus
and lower border of epicraniuin black ;
mandibles black at base and tip, with
the median portion brown ; palpi a light amber color, with the terminal joints of the maxillary palpi infuscate ; and all
joints set with gray hairs. The epicra-




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nium joining the clypeus is finely
rugose. Antennae I '?-jointed ; third
joint the longest ; joints from 3-1 2 grad- ually shorter ; the 13th equal to the two preceding in length. The terminal
joints, under a power of 50 diameters,
appear distinctly fluted longitudinally. Color of the antennae black, except the
first two joints which are brown-black.
All the joints are rather thickly set with a fine pubescense. Parapsidal grooves
begin midway on the thorax and extend
back to the scutellum. They are very
shallow and to the unaided eye appear
like two narrow black lines. A little
forward of the grooves two parallel
black lines arise and extend forward to
the collar. Near the base of the wings
on either side there begins another
black line that runs to the scutellum.
In the two latter cases the black lines
are narrow, strips of the thorax that
have no hairs growing upon them.
Scutellum without fovae or grooves,
rounded and elevated posteriorly, cov-
ered with a yellowish brown pubescense,
very irregularly rugose and black in
color, except the tip, which is usually
brown. Tegulae brown. Abdomen
shining black with silky pubescense on
the sides of the second segment. Under
a power of fifty diameters the sides of
the abdominal segments appear crackled
or scaled and finely punctate. Wings
hyaline ; cross veins black and heavy ;
radial nervure not reaching the costal
margin. Length of wing 5.2 to 5.7
mm. Legs very dark cinnamon brown
and rather thickly set with a gray pubes- cense. Terminal joints of tarsi black.
Length 4.2 mm.
Described from nine specimens reared
from the galls.
Cyn+s nigricens n. sp.
Galls in clusters attached to the mid-
rib on the under side of the leaves.
The galls are cone-shaped, and resemble
very small galls of C. strobilaea. The
galls fall to the ground a little before the leaves drop in the fall. From a
large number of these galls gathered in
October, 1887, I obtained one perfectly
developed female late in September,
1888. The fly may be described as
follows :
Color, except joints of legs, tarsi, and venter, black.
All parts of the insect except the
dorsal portion of the first two or three abdominal segments, and compound
eyes, are rather densely and evenly cov- ered with a short gray pubescence set
in minute punctures.
Head : vertex and occiput appear to
be covered with minute thick scales ;
clypeus and front rather coarsely punc-
tate. Antennae 13-jointed ; first joint
stout, third joint longest, third to seventh gradually shorter, eighth to twelfth sub- equal, thirteenth as long as the two
preceding and with a slight indication
of a division at its middle. The last
five or six joints form a slight club and are fluted longitudinally. Length 2 mm.
Thorax : parapsidal grooves distinct but narrow ; widely separated at collar,, and forming a double curve as they pass
over the thorax to the scutellum. Two
black parallel lines begin midway on the thorax between the parapsides and




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extend to the collar.
Another slightly
depressed line begins on either side of
the thorax near the base of the wings
and runs towards the scutellun~. Thorax
and scutellum with the same scaled
appearance as the epicraniurn. Scu-
tellum broad as long, obtusely rounded
posteriorly and with two shallow fovae
at base. Wings : areolet small and in-
distinct ; cubital nervure rather faint ; cross veins rather heavy ; radial nervure not reaching the costal margin. Length,
2 mm. Abdomen : the large second
segment occupies about one-third of the
abdomen ; all of the segments punctured
and set with many short gray hairs.
Length of insect 3 mm.
BURR OAK (@emus macrocar-pa).
Acrasfis villosus n. sp.
Gall : Hard globular excrescenses on
the under side of the leaves and always
attached to the midrib. (Fig. 4) Me-
Fig. 4.
dium sized specimens measure 5-16
of an inch in diameter. The galls
resemble rather closely the galls of A.
erinaceae but differ from it by having a much heavier pubescense, by always
being single-celled and by being light
yellow in color.
Gall-fly : Sub apterous females only
have been reared.
Head : Median line of face, includ-
ing clypeus, vertex and occiput, black.
Orbits and genae dark cinnamon brown.
In dark specimens nearly the entire face is black. Jaws and terminal joints of
palpi black. Head and mouth parts
sparsely pubescent. Epicranium, bor-
dering clypeus, rugose ; remainder of
head punctate. Thorax, brown, bor-
dered anteriorly and posteriorly with
black. Pal-apsidal grooves wanting.
Thorax and scutellum punctate and
finely pubescent. Abdomen thickly set
with a yellowish-gray pubescence that
gives a decided velvety lustre to the
sides of the abdomen. The anterior
dorsal portion of the second segment has a large bare spot that is continued in a narrow line- back over the succeeding
segments. The borders of the segments
show as black rings crossing the velvety surface. Legs, brown ; tarsi infuscate.
Antennae 13-jointed ; third joint longest ; last joint as long as the two preceding, and all of the joints rather densely
haired. Length, 4 mm.
Neuroterus nigrum n. sp.
Galls : The galls are little pimples
about 2 mm. in diameter on the surface
of the leaves (Fig. 5) and show equally
well from above and below.
There are




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usually a large number on a single leaf. The galls appear late in August but the
flies do not emerge until the following
summer. Few of these galls were
noticed in Michigan, but they are very
common about Ames, Iowa. My spec-
imens were reared from the leaves of the burr oak, but in a number of instances
I have taken galls that seem exactly
similar on the leaves of the white oak,
2. alba.
scutellum was unifoveate. Scutellum
broadly rounded behind ; without fovae
or grooves ; with a very few hairs ; and with the same scaly appearance as the
head and the thorax. Abdomen, shin-
ing black in color, with the ovipositor
sheathes projecting. Antennae with the
first and second joints very stout and
sub-equal in length ; third joint longest, and the last four or five joints forming a slight club. The basal joints are sparse- Fig. 5.
Gall-fly : Color, except the tarsi, joints ly and the terminal joints rather thickly of the legs and antennae, black.
Head
set with short hairs ; number of joints, and thorax shining and with a scaled
13. Eyes coarse ; ocelli rather obscure. appearance when viewed with a high
Wings, hyaline ; areolet large ; radial
power. Thorax almost entirely free nervure reaching the costal margin ; from hairs and without parapsidal marginal cell open. Length, I .3 mm, grooves. The meso-thorax is notched Length of body, I mm. posteriorly making it appear as if the




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RED OAK (eercus mbra).
Am/hiboZi's cookii n. sp.
Galls (Fig. 6) globular, with a cen-
tral larval cell held in place by stout
radiating fibers, When green, the galls
resemble very much the growing galls
of Amphibolips i~ani.9 0. S. The
gall differs from that of A. inanis by
having a thicker outer shell, by having
much stouter radiating fibres, by being
somewhat drawn out into a point at
either extremity, and by occurring on the buds instead of the leaves. The galls
fall with the leaves or before them, and, when dried, the outer surface is much
shrivelled in appearance. About a pint
of these galls were gathered, some late
in the fall and others early in the spring, under a large red oak. On cutting into
these galls the first day of September
following, five fully developed flies and '
one pupa were found, all females.
Fig. 6.
Gall-fly :
Head small ; clypeus and
jaws punctate ; vertex, occiput, and
median line of front coarsely pitted
or sculptured ; genae and sides of the
face deeply rugose, the furrows spread-
ing out like a fan from either side of
the clypeus ; entire head jet black and
rather thinly set with a grayish pubes-
cence, except on the vertex, where it
is bare. Jaws black ; palpi brown.
Antennas reach the middle of the abdo-
men ; 13-jointed , third joint longest ; joints 3-1 2 gradually shorter ; 13th joint next to the third in length and as long
as the I I th and I 2th together. Thorax entirely black. Parapsidal grooves pres- ent but very indistinct and can be
traced about one-third of the way from
the scutellum to the collar. Between
and a little in front of these grooves arise two parallel black ridges that appear as minute shiny lines which extend forward
to the collar. Two other similar lines
start midway on the thorax a little out- side of the parapsidal grooves near the
base of the wings and extend back to
the scutellum. Thorax and scutellum
deeply sculptured and sparsely set with
short gray hairs.
Scutellum with two
large fovae at the base separated by a
narrow septum ; subquadrangular in
outline and rounded and elevated pos-
teriorly. Abdomen varies from a very
dark amber to almost black ; segments
densely and finely punctate when exam-
ined with a power of 20 diameters;
lateral portions of second segment very
sparsely pubescent. Legs dark amber
in color except the tips of the tarsi
which are black ; finely pubescent
throughout ; coxae black. Wings seven
to eight mm. in length ; somewhat
smoky, and with a large stigma1 spot at
the base of the marginal cell.
Length
of body five and one half mm.
The following is a list of the cynipi-
dous galls taken in the vicinity of the
Michigan agricultural college. I have
in each case given the variety of oak
upon which they were taken, the date
that the flies emerged, when reared,
and the guests and parasites reared
from the different species :




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Name of gall-fly.
Guests. 1 Parasites.
Taken from
.....
Raspberry roots.
....
Q^ coccinca leaves
Q. rubra buds. ......
Diastrophus radicum Bass. ..
..