Albert P. Morse.
A List of The Orthoptera of New England.
Psyche 26:21-38, 1919.

Full text (searchable PDF, 1376K)
Durable link: http://psyche.entclub.org/26/26-021.html

The following unprocessed text is extracted from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.

PSYCHE -
VOL. XXVI APRIL, 1919 No. 2
A LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF NEW ENGLAND. BY ALBERT P. MORSE,
Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.
Eighteen years ago Mr. S. H. Scudder published in this journal a briefly annotated list of the Orthoptera of New England (Psyche, Vol. 9, September, 1900, pp. 99-106) enumerating 98 species, and on page 119 following added six more from data supplied by Mr. Samuel Henshaw.
Since that date much work has been done upon the group, greatly increasing the number of species known from New England and changing their scientific nomenclature. In a Manual of the New England Orthoptera soon to be published I have enumer- ated 130 species from the district. The following list id intended to serve as a short memorandum of these. Order DERMAPTERA,-Earwigs.
1. Maritime Earwig, Anisolabis maritima Gene. Nearly cosmopolitan.
Introduced and established at various
points on our seabord, living as a scavenger among the shingle and sea-wrack at or near highwater mark. Hibernates as an adult. Eggs laid in summer. Reported from Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
2. Ring-legged Earwig, Euborellia annulipes Lucas. Introduced. Taken in slaughter-house at Brighton, Mass., Feb. 1909 (A. P. M.), and by Walden among shipments of plants in Connecticut.
3. Little Earwig, Labia minor Linn6.
Generally distributed and probably occurs in small numbers throughout New England. Has been captured from May 25 to Nov. 4 under various circumstances, in gardens, manure-heaps, and fungi. Nocturnal, flying at dusk, and to lights in evening. Pnrtit 26:21-19 (1919). hup Wpsycht cnlclub nrg/2@26-021.htd



================================================================================

22 Psyche [April
4. Brown Earwig, Prolabia arachidis Yersin. Introduced. Taken in sugar refinery at Boston in 1889 (Hen- shaw) and in Brighton slaughter-house, Feb. 1909 (A. P. M.). In New England occurs only under artificial conditions. 5. European Earwig, Forficula auricularia Linn6. Introduced from Europe. Established at Newport, R. I., and vicinity.
Has been taken also at Kingston, R. I., and in brown- tail moth nests imported with parasites at Melrose, Mass. 6. Spandex percheron Guerin et Percheron. One example of this species (t. Hebard, Notes, Entom. news, xxviii, 323, 1917) is recorded from New England. The record is
based on a badly mutilated specimen in the Harris collection, taken in Boston or vicinity, which was described as new by Scud- der under the name of Spongophora bipunctata (Boston journ. nat. hist., vii, 415, 1862).
Order ORTHOPTERA, Family BLATTIDA, Cockroaches . Native Species (Ischnoptera auct .) .
7. Common, or Northern, Wood-Roach, Parcoblatta virginica Brunner .
Common under bark, boards, stones, etc., in June and July, less so in August. Males fly freely to light; females are wingless. Orono, Me., Hartland, Vt., and southward.
8. Uhler's Wood-Roach, Parcoblatta uhleriana Saussure. Much less common than the preceding but frequently seen in eastern Massachusetts and recorded from Marthas Vineyard and Connecticut. Habits and seasons same as preceding. 9. Pennsylvanian Wood-Roach, Parcoblatta pensy lvanica DeGeer. Scarce or rare in eastern New England, locally plentiful on shore of Lake Champlain. Found under boards and stones from June 5 to October. Recorded from Prout's Neck, Maine, Sher- born and Winthrop, Mass., Mt. Carmel, Ct., South Hero, Vt. 10. Broad Wood-Roach, Parcoblatta lata Brunner. Adventive from further south. One example taken at Wellesley, Mass., July 13, 1916, in dwelling-house (A. P. M.) .



================================================================================

19191 Morse-A List of the Orthoptera of New England 23 Introduced Species which have established themselves for longer or shorter periods.
11. German Roach, Croton-bug, Blattella germanica Linn6. Domiciliary.
Probably occurs throughout New England under artificial conditions of constant heat, moisture, and food, in houses, shops, etc. Adults and young at all seasons. Locally abundant if not checked.
12. Oriental Roach, Blatta orientalis Linn6. Much less common than the preceding; found under the same conditions.
13. American Roach, Periplaneta americana Linn6. Locally plentiful under the same conditions as the preceding but less generally established. Our largest common roach. 14. Australian Roach, Periplaneta australa& Fabricius. Occasionally becomes established in greenhouses, etc. Taken in Maine, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. 15. Surinam Roach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis Linn6. Remarks under preceding apply equally well to this. Recorded from Massachusetts and Connecticut.
Exotic species from West Indies, Central or South America, in- troduced with tropical fruit ; adventive, liable to occur at any time or in any place where such merchandise is unpacked. 16. Nyctibora lceuigata Beauvois (ccsericeayy of authors). Female, Orono, Me., May 16, 1889, bananas (Me. exp. sta.). Female, Manchester, N. H .
(Miss Susy C. Fogg) . Male, Boston,
Mass., Feb. 20, 1887 (F. H. Sprague). Natick, Mass., summer, 1901, fruit store (A. P. M.). Female, Springfield, Mass., Aug. 17, 1898 (C. Ladd). Wellesley, Mass., fall, 1899,-nymph, re- corded by Scudder (List, Psyche 1900, 100) as " Eurycotis, pos- sibly jkchiana Sauss ."
17. Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn (" holoserieed ') . Wellesley, Mass., Jan. 15, 1904, bananas; adult. Young in various stages: Dalton, Mass., Jan. 2, 1899 (E. A. Halle). Hyde Park, Mass., Oct. 1, in house (Miss M. E. Cherrington). Pram-



================================================================================

94 Psyche [April
ingham, Mass., May 25, in store (C. A. Frost). Newtonville, Mass., June 12,1916 (A. W. Wilcox).
18. Eurycotis opaca Brunner.
Female, Orono, Me., June 18, 1909 (Me. exp. sta.). 19. Eurycotis tibialis Hebard.
Female, Orono, Me. ? (Me. exp. sta.).
20. Epilampra maya Rehn.
Female, Woodstock, Vt ., August, 1911 (Hugh Morgan). Female, Frarningham, Mass., April 10, 1914, bananas in grocery store (C. A. Frost).
21. Green Roach, Panchlora cubensis Saussure. Female, Augusta, Me., 1906 (U. S. N. M.). Orono, Me., 1892, in tropical fruit (Me. exp. sta.). Woodstock, Vt. (A. P. M.).
Boston, Mass., Dec. 26, 1878, flying in store (M. C. 2.); Fram- ingham, Mass., Aug. 1, 1914 (C. A. Frost) ; Melrose, Mass., June 17, 1914 (F. W. Dodge) ; Salem, Mass., Aug. 1, 1890, Aug. 12, 1917; Stoneham, Mass., Nov. 15, 1915 (C. V. Blackburn); Welles- ley, Mass., Dec. 12, 1894, on window; Jan. 9, 1918, bananas (A. P. M.).
2. Green Roach, Panchlora exoleta Burmeiister. Salem, Mass., June 7, 1884, probably in bananas (Peabody Museum).
23. Hormetica advena Scudder .
One female, Belmont, Mass. (type). Native country unknown. Family PHASMIDB, Walkingsticks.
24. Northern Walkingstick, Diapheromerafemorata Say. Not uncommon locally, usually in deciduous shrubbery, in southern New England. Known from South Bridgton, Me. (Me. exp. sta.), Manchester, N. H., and Sudbury, Vt., southward, from late August till October.
25. Blatchley's Walkingstick, Manomera blatchleyi Caudell. One adult female, one immature, Greenwich, Ct., Aug. 25, 1892 (A. P. M.).




================================================================================

Morse-A List of the Orthoptera of New England Family MANTIDAE, Praying Mantids.
26. Carolina Mantis, Stagmomantis carolina Johannsen. Reported by Mr. Samuel Henshaw from Rhode Island, many years ago, through Prof. Packard. Probably adventive or in- troduced, as it does not naturally live within a long distance of our border.
27. Chinese Mantis, Paratenodera sinensis Saussure. Introduced several times into Connecticut and Massachusetts but has not established itself.
28. European Praying Mantis, Mantis religiosa Linn6. Introduction of this species into Connecticut by egg-masses from the colony at Rochester, N. Y., was once attempted but they failed to hatch.
Family TETTIGONIID^E,-K~~~~~~S, Green Grasshoppers, Cave- crickets, etc.
29. Oblong-winged Katydid, Amblycorypha oblongifolia DeGeer. Common in vines, shrubbery, and coarse weeds in Connecticut, less numerous in eastern Massachusetts, and recorded from southern New Hampshire.
Mid-August to October.
30. Carinate Florida Katydid, Amblycorypha ftoridana carinata Rehn et Hebard.
Half-a-dozen examples are recorded from Nantucket and Woods Hole, Mass., and it will probably be found in Connecticut. Fre- quents bushes and weeds.
3 1. Round-winged Katydid, Arnblycorypha rotundifolia rotundi- folia Scudder .
Common in southern New England in grass and low bushes in August and September. It is reported from as far north as the White Mountain region.
32. Northern Bush-Katydid, Scudderia septentrionalis Serville. Very rare. Has been taken in Maine and eastern Massachu- setts in July and August on undergrowth in woods. 33. Texan Bush-Katydid, Scudderia texensis Saussure et Pictet. Common in swampy ground from July till October. Recorded



================================================================================

26 Psyche [April
from Norway, Me., Seabrook, N. H., eastern Massachusetts, and throughout Connecticut.
34. Broad-winged Bush-Katydid, Scudderia pistillata Brunner. A boreal species common in low shrubbery throughout New England. July till September.
35. Curve-tailed Bush-Katydid,' Scudderia curvicauda curvicauda DeGeer .
Very common in shrubbery in southern New England and ex- tending northward to middle Vermont and southwestern Maine (Fryeburg). July to September.
35a. Northern Curve-tailed Bush-Katydid, Sczidderia curwicavda borealis R. et H.
A northern race of the preceding, a few examples of which I have taken in eastern Maine in cold heath-grown bogs, in August. 36. Fork-tailed Bush-Katydid, Scudderia furcata furcata Brunner. Very common in tall grasses, bushes, and shrubbery, from July till October, from southern Maine and New Hampshire southward. 37. European Shor t-winged Bush-Katydid, Leptoph yes puncta- timima Bosc d'Antic.
Three examples of this species have been captured on Nan- tucket. It was doubtless introduced with commercial importa- tions of plant materials but whether it still survives is unknown. 38. The Katydid, True Katydid, PterophyUa camellifolia Fabricius .
Arboreal, frequenting oak trees especially. Common locally in
Connecticut and warmer parts of Massachusetts in September and October.
39. The Sword-bearer, Neoconocephalus ensiger Harris. Our commonest cone-head, known from Norway, Me., south- ward. Late July till September. In grasslands, wild and culti- vated.
40. Robust Cone-head, Neoconocephalus robustus robustus Scudder. Common coastwise from Cape Cod southward, in sand-grass, and cat-t ail marshes. August and September.



================================================================================

19191 Morse~A List of the Orthoptera of New England 27 41. Round-tipped Cone-head, Neoconocephalus retusus Scudder. Common, locally at least, in southern Connecticut in tall grass in meadows. August to October.
42. Unmusical Cone-head, Neoconocephalus exiliscanorus Davis. One example is recorded by Walden from New Haven, Ct. It
is said to be locally common in the vicinity of New York from August onward.
43. Broad-tipped Cone-head, Neoconocephalus triops Linn6. Two adventive examples of this southern species have been taken in Massachusetts in houses in winter, introduced with spinach ,greens from the south.
44. Larger Meadow-Grasshopper, Orchelimum vulgare Harris. Very common in southern New England and probably occurring throughout.
Prefers tall grasses and dense weedy jungles on moist or wet ground. July till October.
45. Bruner's Meadow-Grasshopper, Orchelimum gladiator Bruner. In the same haunts as the preceding but less common in south- ern New England.
46. Dusky-faced Meadow-Grasshopper, Orchelimum concinnum Scudder .
Locally common in the coarse vegetation of tidal runways of coastwise saltmarshes in southern New England. Recorded from
Rye Beach, N. H., vicinity of Boston, and Connecticut, from July 22 to Sept. 6.
47. Slender Meadow-Grasshopper, Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus DeGeer .
Abundant in damp grasslands throughout New England from late July till October.
48. Short-winged Meadow-Grasshopper, Conocephalus brevipennis Scudder .
Very common in weedy jungles and dense grass in most of New England from late July till hard frost.
Recorded from Eastport,
Me., and Jefferson, N. H., southward.




================================================================================

28 Psyche [April
49. Saltmarsh Meadow-Grasshopper, Conocephalus spartince Fox. Locally abundant in short grasses of coastwise saltmarshes. Known from Old Orchard, Me., southward.
50. Wingless Prairie Grasshopper, Conocephalus saltans Scudder. Common among low shrubs and tufts of bunch-grass on the sandy moors of Nantucket. August and September. 51. Long-legged Shield-bearer, Atlanticus americanus Saussure, and
52. Short-legged Shield-bearer, Atlanticus testaceus Scudder. Scarce.
Our two Shield-backed Grasshoppers live in dry wood- lands, bushy pastures, etc., where they may be found crawling slowly over the dead leaves, or perhaps stridulating from some bush. Adults are recorded from the vicinity of Boston, Cape Cod, Marthas Vineyard, Connecticut, and Sudbury, Vt., from late July till October. A third species possibly occurs in western New England.
53. Asiatic or Greenhouse Cave-cricket, Diestrammena marmorata DeHaan.
Introduced into greenhouses and cellars in several parts of New England.
It multiplies rapidly and quickly becomes abundant. I have received examples from Kennebunk, Me., Danvers and Springfield, Mass. Adults and young throughout the year. Native Cave-crickets, Ceuthophilus spp.
Our native cave-crickets, stone-crickets, or camel-crickets are usually found under bark, boards, stones, etc., or in cellars and holes during the day, emerging at night in search of food. Adults are most numerous out-of-doors in late summer and fall, but hiber- nating examples are not rare in favorable conditions. The genus needs thorough collecting in liquid preservative and complete re- vision.
54. Spotted Cave-cricket, Ceuthophilus maculatus Harris. Our commonest camel-cricket, probably found throughout New England. Gregarious, under stones, logs, and in cellars. 55. Yellow Cave-cricket, Ceuthophilus neglectus Scudder. Probably throughout New England in woodlands. Recorded



================================================================================

19191 Morse-A List of the Orthoptera of New England 29 from Jackman, Me., Plymouth, Vt., eastern Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
56. Woodland Cave-cricket, Ceuthophilus neglectus Scudder. A common species in cool, moist woodlands and forests in Ver- mont and New Hampshire.
57. Short-legged Cave-cricket, Ceuthophilus brevipes Scudder. Rare.
Recorded from Grand Manan, N. B., and North Madi- son, Ct.
58. Black-sided Cave-cricket, Ceuthophilus latens Scudder. Walden has taken this species at Lyme, Ct., under stones, in ,
August.
$9. Pale-footed Cave-cricket, Ceuthophilus lapidicola Burmeister. (C. pallidipes E. M. Walker.)
Not common.
Reported from New Haven, Ct., and Wellesley, Mass.
60. Slender-legged Cave-cricket, Ceuthophi1u.s gracilipes Halde- man.
Captured in cellars and under bark of fallen trees in Connecticut by Walden in August and September.
Half-grown young in cave
at New Ashford, Mass., Dec. 22, (G. M. Allen). An example of the variety stygius Scudder has been taken at Beverly, Mass. Family GRYLLIDZ, Crickets, Tree-crickets, Mole-crickets . 61. Common Field-cricket, Gryllus assirnilis Fabricius . Very common throughout New England especially in sandy areas. June till heavy frost.
In southern New England a few
nymphs hibernate.
62. Striped Grass-cricket, Nemobius fasciatus fasciatus DeGeer. Abundant everywhere, probably throughout New England, in grasslands. July till late fall.
63. Sand Cricket, Nemobiw griseus E. M. Walker. Known in small numbers from sandy districts in Maine, Massa- chusetts, and Connecticut. August and September.



================================================================================

30 Psyche [April
64. Little Spotted Cricket, Nemobius maculatus Blatchley. New Canaan, Ct., Sept. 11, B. H. Walden. Extra-limitally it is
said to live in low open woods in damp places. 65. Sphagnum Cricket, Nemobius palustris Blatchley. Locally common in sphagnum-bogs at Orono, Me., in eastern Massachusetts and Connecticut.
September and October.
66. Cuban Ground-cricket, Nemobius cubensis Saussure. Doubtfully present in small numbers in Connecticut. A few specimens have been taken which seem to intergrade with the preceding.
67. Carolina Ground-cricket, Nemobius carolinus Scudder. Locally common throughout New England. Damp soils, edges of woodlands, stream-sides, etc. August to November. 68. Snowy Tree-cricket, Oecanthus niveus DeGeer. Recorded from vicinity of Portland, Me., and common through- out southern New England in shrubbery near houses, orchards, gardens, etc., from late August till October. Observation of its song should greatly extend its known range. 69. Narrow-winged Tree-cricket, Oecanthus angustipennis Fitch. This species has been taken near Boston, Mass., and at various points in Connecticut between Aug. 14 and Oct. 20. It frequents
orchards and fruit trees and even low thickets of sweetfern. 70. Davis's Tree-cricket, Oecanthus exclamationis Davis. Recorded by Walden from trunks of trees, near New Haven, from August to October. On Long Island it is found on bur oak. 71. Four-spotted Tree-cricket, Oecanthus quadripunctatus Beu- t enmiiller .
Widely distributed and locally abundant in southern New England, extending north as far at least as Woodstock, Vt., Hoxies and Brunswick, Me. Lives in weedy thickets of wild car- rot, Joe-Pye-weed, raspberry bushes, et~. August till October. 72. Dusky Tree-cricket, Oecanthus nigricornis Walker. Found in same places as last and nearly as common. Inhabits all the New England States.
.




================================================================================

19191
Morse-A List of the Orthoptera of New England 73. Pine Tree-cricket, Oecanthus pini Beutenmiiller . Said to live only in pine-trees.
Reported from Gloucester, Cape
Cod, and Marthas Vineyard, Mass.
74. Two-spotted Tree-cricket, Neoxabea bipunctata DeGeer. Known in small numbers from Connecticut: New Canaan, New Haven, and Portland, Aug. 14 to Sept. 11. 75. Striped Bush-cricket, Anaxipha exigua Say. Walden reports this species at Westbrook, Ct., living in tangled vegetation on and near saltmarshes.
76. Ha pithus vagus Morse.
An adventive exotic species which maintained itself for several years in the greenhouses of the Botanic Garden at Cambridge, Mass.
77. American Mole-cricket, Gryllotalpa hexadactyla Perty. Probably occurs throughout New England but is very local and difficult to capture.
Lives in meadows, along streams and about ponds, burrowing in the turf and muddy shores. Its call might
easily be mistaken for that of a small frog. 78. European Mole-cricket, Gryllotalpa vulgaris Latreille. Reported from Nantucket, where it was doubtless introduced with importations of plants from Europe. Whether established
or not remains to be proved.
79. Pygmy Mole-cricket , Tridactylus apicalis Say. Lives on and in the damp sand on the edges of ponds and streams. Recorded from Connecticut, and from Cambridge, Winchester, '
and Nantucket, Mass. Adults were common at the last-named locality on July 13; a few nymphs were found on the same date and on Sept. 10.
Family ACRIDIDB, Locusts.
Subfamily Acridinse (Tryxalinse auct .) . 80. Bunch-grass Locust, Pseudopornala brachyptera Scudder. Common locally in coarse grasses, especially Andropogon scopa- rius, on wild and uncultivated lands from southwestern Maine, southern New Hampshire and Vermont southward, including Marthas Vineyard and all of Connecticut. July to September.



================================================================================

32 Psyche [April
81. Velvet-striped Locust, Eritettix simplex Scudder . Rare.
Walden records it from several points in southern Con- necticut on light dry soil with but little vegetation, such as aban- doned fields and dry pastures. Adults are recorded on Oct. 31 and from May 25 to June 30.
They apparently hibernate.
82. Bicolored Locust, Dichromorpha viridis Scudder . Common in southern New England (except southeastern Mass.) from late July onward, often locally abundant in Connecticut. Most plentiful in damp pastures and mowing-lands in dense suc- culent grass. It has decidedly increased in numbers in the vicinity of Boston within the last twenty-five years, apparently spreading northeastward.