H. M. Parshley.
Systematic Papers on New England Hemiptera: Synopsis of the Families.
Psyche 22:88-93, 1915.

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88 Psyche [June
This species is related to willistoni Wh. and vietus sp. nov. but differs much in general color, and in the form of the hypopygium and its appendages. It also differs from vietus in having the an- tennae brown, not yellow as in that species. SYSTEMATIC PAPERS ON NEW ENGLAND
HEM1PTERA.l
BY H. M. PARSHLEY.
With Plates VI and VII.
I. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES.
The tables to be published under the above title form a part of a general account of the Hemiptera 2 of New England on which I am engaged, but as an early appearance of the whole is not to be ex- pected, it seems desirable that the more generally useful parts be made immediately available.
There are to be found in various publications a number of keys to the families of Hemiptera, but for one reason or another they do not enable those who are unfamiliar with the group to place specimens with certainty in their proper families. Some are inac- curate, some incomplete, while those which are free from these faults are very difficult to work because they generally lack figures and employ obscure characters, the latter often necessary in a table which aims at universality or natural arrangement. It seems to me that these difficulties can be avoided by limiting the application of the key to the fauna of a restricted regionY3 sacri- ficing natural arrangement in favor of clearness, and illustrating structures of importance. The synopses in this series are offered as an attempt in that direction.
In preparing the tables I have made free use of the writings of previous authors, but all the work has been done with continual reference to the specimens themselves, more particularly of the species occurring in New England, of which I have before me a fairly complete collection. Thus the characters proposed by others 1 Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University, No. 91.
2 Considered as an order distinct from the Homoptera. a Thus permitting in some cases the use of easily observable characters not common to all members of the family in question.
Pi\& 22:88-93 (1q1.5). hup tlpsychu enlclub argIlUI2-088 html



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19151 Parshley-Systematic Papers on New England Hemiptera 89 have been examined with regard to their applicability to our species, and not a few have been found to be decidedly misleading when without qualification. Groups not known to me to occur in this region are marked with an asterisk, and those of which I have not as yet seen specimens are indicated by a dagger. I hope that anyone who may know of New England records for the forms so marked will communicate with me on the subject. The characters which are of distinctive importance are given first in the dichotomies. Those which follow have been added to assist in determination, and they are not necessarily peculiar to the group in question, except such as are strictly alternative. To the short descriptions of the families should be added the char- acters already used in the appropriate divisions of the key. In studying the smaller forms a binocular or ordinary compound microscope will be found almost indispensable. There is difference of opinion among authorities regarding the names which should be used for certain families, and in such cases I have given both terms. The cause of this disagreement lies in the fact that the present rules of nomenclature may be interpreted in more than one way. There seems to be a growing sentiment among zoologists in favor of establishing a list of names not subject to change, and if this action is taken by the International Congress it may be that those of the more familiar names which are now held by some to be invalid will regain their tand ding.^ DESCRIPTIVE SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES.3
1. Antennae shorter than the head, generally concealed in cavities between head and thorax; metasternal orifices absent. ............................. .a Antennse as long as or longer than the head, exposed. .................. .8 2. Ocelli present; littoral; not over 10 mm. in length. ...................... .3 Ocelli absent; aquatic. ............................................... .4 1 Definitions of a number of hemipterological terms will be found in a paper on the squash-bug by Tower, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., TI., 1913, p. 427; and in my paper on Miride, Ent. News, XXVI., 1915, p. 208. In connection with the latter should be mentioned an additional reference on the Mirid "anal" vein; Router, Bemerk., Oef. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., LIV., 1911-12, p. 19. 2It should be noted that as a result of more or less recent nomenclatorial changes, the species represented by certain figures on the plates would be otherwise named by some authorities, as follows: fig. 1, C. lintneriana; fig. 3, Saldula pallipes; fig. 8, Hebrus bwmeisteri; fig. 11, Nabis pallescens; fig. 13, Phymata erosa wolffi; fig. 22, same as fig. 8. I am indebted to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee for his kindness in giving me advance information in regard to his list of Hemiptera, which is soon to be published. 3 This table is adapted for the determination of adults only; and mature forms which are brachypterous or wingless must in some cases be treated with caution.



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90 Psyche [June
3. Antennae exposed; front legs similar to intermediate; rostrum 4-segmented, first segment short; front and intermediate tarsi 1-segmented (?), hind 2-seg- .................................... mented; predatory OCHTERIDE Antennae concealed; front legs raptorial; rostrum short, 4-segmented; front and intermediate tarsi 1-segmented, hind %-segmented; eyes very protu- berant; short, stout, roughened forms; predatory *MONONYCHID-iE or NERTHRIDB
4. Hind tarsi without two distinct claws (except Plea which is less than 3 mm. in length); front legs not raptorial in structure; moderate or small in size. .5 ............................. Hind tarsi with claws; front legs raptorial. .6
5. Head overlapping thorax dorsally; body flattened above; rostrum short, hidden under a broad flat transversely striated plate (epistoma); front tarsi- l-seg- mented, palaeform (fig. 28); male genitalia asymmetrical; predatory; swim ............................. with dorsal side uppermost. .CORIXIDB Head inserted in thorax; body convex above; rostrum free, 3- or 4-segmented; tarsi 2-segmented (front tarsi of the male sometimes 1-segmented); pre- ......... datory; swim with ventral side uppermost.. NOTONECTIDB ........................... 6.Membrane reticulately veined; large in size. .7 Membrane without veins; rostrum 3-segmented; front tarsi 1-segmented, intermediate and hind %segmented; hind legs not natatorial; predatory; moderate in she ..................................... .NAUCORID.ai 7. Apical appendages of abdomen long and slender, not retractile; hind legs not much flattened; rostrum 3-segmented; tarsi 1-segmented; hind cox= rota- tory; predatory .......................................... NEPIDB Apical appendages of abdomen short and flat, retractile; hind legs distinctly flattened, natatorial; rostrum 3-segmented; tarsi %-segmented; hind cox= hinged; predatory ................................ BELOSTOMATIDB 8. Head shorter than thorax including scutellum ........................... .9 Head as long as entire thorax, both elongated; ocelli absent; eyes distant from anterior margin of thorax; rostrum 3-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; body and appendages slender; generally wingless; predatory; aquatic, living on ....... the surface near shore; length about 10 mm.. HYDROMETRIDlE
9. Claws of at least the front tarsi distinctly anteapical with terminal tarsal seg- ........ ment more or less cleft (fig. 12); aquatic, living on the surface .10 .
Claws all apical, last tarsal segment entire; aquatic and terrestrial forms. .ll 10. Hind femora extending much beyond apex of abdomen; intermediate and hind pairs of legs approximated, very distant from front pair; ocelli present, but sometimes very obscure; eyes close to anterior margin of prothorax (fig. 29) ; rostrum 4-segmented, first and second segments short (fig. 29); tarsi 2-segmented; parts of hemielytra more or less confluent (fig. 16); often wingless; predatory; moderate in size. ................ .GERRIDB Hind femora not extending much beyond apex of abdomen; intermediate pair of legs about equidistant from front and hind pairs (except in Rhagovelid); ocelli obsolete or absent; rostrum 3-segmented; front tarsi 1- or %segmented, intermediate and hind 2- or 3-segmented; predatory; usually live on surface, .......
but some species can dive; moderate or minute in size. VELIIDB




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19151 Parshley-Systematic Papers on New England Hemiptera 91 11. Antennae 5-segmented. .............................................. .12 Antennae 4-segmented, disregarding minute ring-segments; (antenniferous tubercles of head should not be mistaken for segments, figs. 11, 30). .... .13 12. First and second segments of antennae thicker than the others (fig. 8); clavus similar in texture to the membrane which is without veins (fig. 22) ; head and thorax sulcate beneath; rostrum 3-segmented; tarsi 2-segmented; aquatic, living on the surface; minute in size. .... HEBRIDB or NBOGEIDB First segment of the antennae thickened, second slender (fig. 1) ; margin of head carinate above insertion of antennas; scutellum rather large, usually extend- ing beyond middle of abdomen; terrestrial; moderate in size, rarely minute 32 13. Prosternum with a median longitudinal transversely striated or granulated stridulatory groove visible anterior to front coxee, receiving the tip of the .
rostrum; rostrum 3-segmented, short and strong; length not less than 5 mm. ............................................................ 14 Prosternum without a stridulatory groove; size large or small. ............ .15 14. Terminal segment of antennae thickened; front legs highly modified, stout, raptorial (fig. 13); scutellum moderate in size; membrane with numerous veins; front tarsi small and retractile; tarsi %segmented; roughly sculptured predatory forms; moderate in size PHYMATIDB or MACROCEPHALIDLB Terminal segment of antennae filiform (sometimes faintly divided into numer- ous small parts); front legs usually much like the others, though raptorial in function, sometimes somewhat thickened and spinous; scutellum small; membrane with few veins; tarsi 3-segmented; body robust or linear; usually .....................
predatory; large or small in size
.REDUVIIDB
15. Hemielytra closely reticulate in relief, membranous between the reticulations, more or less lace-like in appearance (figs. 17,18) ; size small. ............ .16 Hemielytra not so reticulate, or absent; size large or small. .............. .17 16. Juga free, produced before apex of head, longer than tylus (fig. 14); hemielytra with a non-reticulate membrane, the rest reticulately punctate (fig. 18); ocelli present; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi %segmented; one small species PIESMIDB
Juga not prominent, not longer than the tylus (fig. 15), head sometimes with dorsal anteriorly projecting spines; hemielytra of similar texture throughout, densely reticulate (fig. 17), membranous between the reticulations; ocefli absent; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 2-segmented; numerous small species TINGITIDB
17. Pronotum divided into three lobes; head contiacted behind the eyes; hemi- elytra wholly membranous, with a few distinct longitudinal and cross veins; ocelli present; rostrum 3- or 4-segmented (?); front tarsi 1-segmented, intermediate and hind %segmented; predatory; fly in swarms; very minute ..........................
and delicate f ormsl *HENICOCEPHALID^E
...............
Pronotum, head, and hemielytra otherwise constructed. .18
............................ 18. Rostrum really or apparently .%segmented. -19
........... Rostrum 4-segmented, first segment sometimes short (fig. 11) .24
For figures see Johannsen, PSYCHE, XVI, 1909, pi. i.



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92 Psyche [June
19. Body convex below, flat or slightly concave above; greenish in color; clavus membranous, similar in texture to the membrane, the latter without veins (fig. 21), corium somewhat thickened; usually wingless; ocelli distinct in winged form, obsolescent in wingless form; rostrum 3-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; small aquatic predatory species living generally on floating vegetation. ....................................... MESOVELIIM3 Body usually very thin, flat above and below; when not distinctly flattened hemielytra are not constructed as above; color not greenish; terrestrial or riparian ........................................................ .20 20. Tarsi %-segmented. ................................................. 21 Tarsi 3-segmented. ................................................. .22 21. Head wider just behind the eyes than immediately in front of them; eyes not projecting beyond extreme side of head (fig. 9) ; trochanters distinct; abdom-. inal spiracles midway between apex and base of ventral segments: ocelli absent; rostrum apparently 3-segmented; true first segment very small, often concealed; flat dark colored species living under dead bark; moderate in size ............................................. DYSODIIDAS Head narrowed behind the eyes, eyes projecting strongly (fig. 10); trochanters connate with femora; abdominal spiracles near base of segments; other char- acters as in the preceding family. ......................... ARADIDB 22. Ocelli present ...................................................... 23 Ocelli absent; hemielytra always much reduced, without membrane; rostrum not reaching intermediate coxee, 3-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; parasitic on vertebrates; rather small species. ...... CLINOCORIDB or CIMICIDB 23. Hemielytra provided with a cuneus, membrane without long closed cells (fig. 2), sometimes without veins; occasionally brachypterous; head hori- zontal; rostrum 3-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; small predatory forms ANTHOCORIDB
Hemielytra without a cuneus; membrane with four or five long closed cells (fig. 3) ; tylus separated from irons by an impressed line; always fully winged; predatory; littoral; moderate or small in size SALDIDB or ACANTHIIDB 24. Ocelli absent. ...................................................... .25 Ocelli present ...................................................... 27 25. Membrane with two large cells at base from which extend about eight branching veins (fig. 4); hemielytra without a cuneus; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; phytophagous; rather large strong forms. *PYRRHOCORI.DE Membrane with one or two small cells at base, very rarely with longitudinal .................. veins; cuneus distinct; rather small delicate forms. .26 26. First segment of rostrum longer than broad, extending generally somewhat beyond posterior margin of head; membrane with two small cells at base or rarely one (fig. 5); generally without longitudinal veins other than the "anal" vein; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; phytophagous, or ..... rarely predatory; numerous common species. CAPSIDE or MIREDB
First segment of rostrum little or not longer than broad, extending posteriorly not farther than middle of eyes; membrane with one cell; rostrum 4-seg- - mented; tarsi 3-segmented; very few rare species. fTERMATOPHYLIDB



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19151 Parshley-Systematic Papers on New England Hemiptera 93 27. Front legs raptorial, the tibiae and usually the femora armed with rows of numerous closely set fine spines which interlock when the leg is flexed, front femora more or less thickened (fig. 23), the femoral spines sometimes replaced by closely set even setae; rostrum 4-segmented, the first segment short (fig. 11); membrane with a few long cells from which radiate numerous veins; sometimes brachypterous; tarsi 3-segmented; wandering predatory species of moderate size ........................... NABIDJE Front legs not especially modified for grasping, generally much like the others, front femora sometimes thickened and armed with a few teeth; first seg- ment of rostrum generally longer than wide ......................... .28 28. Body and appendages extremely slender, linear; antennae geniculate, biclavate; eyes distant from base of head; ocelli present; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; inhabit underbrush; probably phytophagous; moderate in size. ..................................................... NEIDIDLE Body and appendages not extremely slender, antennae otherwise con- stmcted ........................................................ 29 29. Membrane with five usually simple veins (fig. 6) ; antennae inserted low on the side of the head, usually below or on a line drawn from the middle of the eye to the anterior end of the buccula (fig. 84); ocelli present; rostrum 4-seg- mented; tarsi 3-segmented; sometimes brachypterous; phytophagous; moderate or small in size. ............. LYGAEIDB or MYODOCHIDJE Membrane with numerous more or less anastomosing veins (fig. 7); antennae ................ inserted high, usually above such a line (figs. 25, 30). .30
30. Metasternal orifices generally obsolete, when present placed between interme- diate and hind coxae near median line, with two diverging furrows running outwards; ocelli present; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; phytopha- .. gous; colors for the most part light; moderate or small in size. CORIZIDJE
Metasternal orifices distinct, placed farther outward; colors usually dark; generally over 10 mm. in length. ................................... : 3 1 31.~ead much narrower and shorter than the pronotum (fig. 26); bucculse extending posterior to insertion of antennae (fig. 25); ocelli present; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; generally phytophagous; moderate or large in size.. .............................................. COREIDLE Head much larger proportionally, the part between the eyes wider than the scutellum (fig. 27); bucculae anterior to insertion of antennae (fig. 30); ocelli present; rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; form rather elongated; phytophagous (always?) ; moderate in size. ................. ALYDIDB 32. Scutellum generally moderate in size, more or less narrowed apically; scutellum rarely covering most of abdomen, in which case colors are bright and con- trasting, or there is a prominent tooth just anterior to lateral angles of pronotum; tibiae not strongly spinose but sometimes bear very small spines or a more or less hairlike vestiture which may have a spinose appearance; ocelli present; membrane with many veins (fig. 19); rostrum 4-segmented; tarsi 3-segmented; phytophagous or predatory; moderate in size CIMICIDB or PENTATOMIDB
Scutellum generally large, covering almost the whole of abdomen, usually very



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