Article beginning on page 265.
Psyche 2:265-272, 1877.

Full text (searchable PDF)
Durable link: http://psyche.entclub.org/2/2-265.html

The following unprocessed text is extracted from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.

PSYCHE.
ORGAN OF THE CAM BRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB KUITED BY GEORGE DIXMOCK AND B. PICKMAS MANS Vol. 11.1 Cambridge, Mass., Sept.-Dm., 1879. [Nos. 65-68. -
Descriptions of some Larvae of Lepidoptera, respect- ing Sphingidae especially.
(Continued from p. 65-79.)
The first volume of the Species g^n^ral des Ldpidoptt3-es Jietdrochs, by Dr. J. A. Boisduval, treats of the Spliingidae, Sesiidae and Castnid~ie in a systematic and descriptive manner, with scant reference to the descriptive literature, and is accom- panied with plates, which have not been examined in the prep- aration of this article. Larvae of the North American species, genera and other groups of Sphingidae mentioned below are described more
or less completely on the pages indi-
cated. In the preparation of these descriptions Dr. Boisduval has been aided principally by the possession of a large number of original and unpublished figures made by Abbot ; in addi- tion to these he had somc figures made by John Leeonte and by other persons. The descriptions of families and tribes are reproduced here, in translation.
SPHINGIDAE. p. 2. Larvae smooth, cylindrical, elon- gated, slightly swollen posteriorly, generally furnished with a horn on the segment before the hindmost, or sometimes with a little lenticular shield in place of the horn." " The larvae live solitarily, sometimes on trees or shrubs, sometimes on low plants."
SMERINTHIDAE (tribe). p, 8. Larvae with habits and with horn on eleventh segment as in other Sphingidae ; particularly distinguished in most cases by having the head triangular and the skin sliagreened or rugose.




================================================================================

Smerinthus. 13. 17. General description. S. populicola. p. 22-23.
This is the S. modesfa of Harris,
the latter name being pre-occupied.
Larva not described here.
S.j?igIandis. p. 27.
S. opht [h] almicus. p.
S. pavoninus. p. 37.
S. excaecatus. p. 38.
figures.
S. geminatus. p. 39.
Brief descr. of Abbot's figures.
34. Brief descr. by Lorquin.
Brief descr. of Abbot's figure.
Brief descr. from several of Abbot's
Descr. 1 ? from figure by Leconte].
S. astylus. p. 41. Very imperfect descr. from a coarse figure by Leconte.
S. myops. p. 43. Brief descr. from several figures by Ab- bot and Leconte.
Oeratomia. p. 53. General description.
0. amyntor [ 0. quadricornis]. p. 54. Descr. EURYGLOTTIDAE (tribe). p. 58. Larvae with rounded head ; skin smooth, never shagreened. Usually with . a horn on eleventh segment, and in most cases with oblique lateral spots.
Macrosila. p. 60. General description.
M. tetrio. p. 61-62. Good descr. by General Brunet ; Poey's figure [see PSYCHE, v. 2, p. 731 commended ; a very fine figure by Brunet mentioned. Figured and descr. by Merian (Hist. ins. Surinam, pi. 5) as Sphinx rustica. Amplionyx. p. 62. General description.
A. jatropkae. p. 65. Very brief descr. from Merian's coarse figure.
Sphinx. p. 69. General description.
S. carolina. p. 70-71. Brief descr. from Abbot's figures. S. lycopersici. p. 72. Exceedingly brief descr. by Lorquill. S. quinquemaculata. p. 76. Descr. from Abbot's figure. S. rustica. p. 83. Brief but perhaps sufficient description. Madam Merian's figure (Hist. ins. Surinam, pi. 5) and descrip- tion belong to Macrosila tetrio.
8. eremitus. Refers to Lintner's description [see PSYCHE, v . 2, p. 76.1
S. Jcalmiae. p. 92. Brief. descr.
S. cingulata. p. 96. Brief descr.




================================================================================

S. drupiferarum. p. 97-98. Descr. by comparison with S. ligustri previously described.
S. hylaeus. p. 99. Brief descr. from several figures. S. plebej'a. p. 100. Descr. from a very fine figure by Abbot.
S. cupremi. p. 102-103. Good descr. from a magnificent figure by Abbot.
S. catalpae. p. 103-10-4. Good descr. from a fine figure by Abbot.
S. conferarum. p. 105-106. Good descr. from several very fine figures lay Abbot, which are unlike the figure pub- lished in Abb., pi. 42.
S. harrisii. p. 106-107. Brief descr.
S. jasminearum. p. 115. Descr. from a fine figure. S. brontes. p. 116. Descr. from fine figures. Anceryx. p. 119. General description.
A. ello. p. 120. Very brief description from Merian's fig- ure [see PSYCHE, v. 2, p. 771.
A. alope.
p. 121.
Descr. from a very fine figure by Gen-
eral Brunet.
Pac7~ylia. p. 134. Generaldescription.
P. ficus. p. 137. Very brief descr., after Merian. Madoryx. p. 150. General description.
DEILEPHILIDAE (tribe). p. 158. Larvae, as far as known, smooth, with globular head ; often
ornamented with rather
lively colors, and frequently with ocellate spots. Certain larvae, which might constitute a tribe by tliemselves, have the first three rings more slender than the rest, very retractile, and extensible like a trumpet. Some ordinarily Lave a horn on the eleventh segment.
This horn, the use of which is unknown,
is exceptionally replaced, in some species, by a little wart-like plate.
In some other species the horn exists only in the earliest stage, and disappears completely from the add ts. Deilephila. p. 158-159. General description. D. gal6 [D. clmaenerii], p. 170.
Brief descr.
B. dawns, p. 174.
Tills is the D. Zineata of North Amer-
ka? but Boisduval separates it4remd;: 2. E9w&x of Europe. Descr. from several of Abbot's figures.




================================================================================

Philampelus. p. 192. General description. Ph. labruscae. p. 192. Exceedingly brief descr., after Me- rim.
Ph. crantor [Ph. achemon]. p. 200. Good descr., from a very fine figure a12d a detailed description by Lorquin. Ph. jussieaeae. p. 202-203. Good descr. by Lorquill. Everyx. p. 208. General description.
E myron. p. 210.. Good descr.
3. choerilus. p. 211. Good descr.
Eucheryx. p. 2 19. General description.
Choerocampa. p. 223. General description. Ch. twsa. p. 269. Descr. from several of Abbot's figures. MACROGLOSSIDAE (tribe). p. 289. Larvae, as far as known, generally green, more or less rugose-clotted, even sometimes appearing a little shagreened ; attenuated anteriorly, with globose head. Generally with a more or less developed straight or curved horn on eleventh segment. Some have longitudinal lines, others have oblique lines also; some have ferruginous lateral spots.
Epistor. 11. 296. General description of no avail. E. lugubris. p. 297. Brief descr. from figures. Pogocolon. p. 814. General description.
P. gaurae. p. 315-316. Good descr. from two figures by Abbot.
P. nessus. p. 317. Descr. from fine figure by Abbot. Thyreus. 11. 330. Brief general description. Th. abbotti. p. 331-332. Brief descr. from several figures Macroglossa. p. 332. Brief general description. M. diffinis. 13. 367. Descr. from figures by Abbot. M. thzjsbe. p. 370. Descr. from a fine figure by Abbot. M. etolus. p. 370. Descr. from a fine figure by J. Le- conte.
In addition to the above-mentioned species and groups of Sphingidae, some description of whose larvae is given, the fol- lowing species of North American Sphingidae are described without descriptions of their larvae :
Smerinthus oculata (Mex.) 13. 29, S. pseudambzdyx (Mex.) p. 29, S. saliceti (Mex.) p. 35, S. cerisyi (U. S.) 1). 35, S. ja-



================================================================================

maicensis (Jam.) p. 36, Amphonyx duponchelii (Cuba) p. 65, Sphinx afflicts (Cuba, Haiti) p. 77, S. ochus (Mex., Hond.) p- 82, 8. lugens (Mex., Hond.) p. 87, S. andromedae (Mex., Hond.) p. 89, 8. gordius (Va.) p. 91, S. sordida (U. S.) p. 92, 8. canadensis (Quebec) 11. 93, S. chersis [S. cinered\ (U. S.) p. 93, S. strobi (Gal.) p. 100, S. sequoiae (Gal.) p. 101, S.pinea (N. Y.) p. 107, S. lanceolata (Mex.) p. 109, S. col- laris (St. Dom., Jam.) p. 110, S. cubensis (Cuba) p. 117, S. sesquiplex (Mex., Guat.) p. 118, Aneeryx rimosa (Cuba, Haiti, Braz.) p. 125, A. merianae (Nicaragua, Braz. ) 1). 128, A. oenoth (Antilles, S. A.) p. 129, A. melancholzca (Haiti, Cuba, Braz.) p. 130, A. janiphae (Haiti) 11. 131, A. rhaebus (Mex., Hond.) p. 131, A. obscura (Antilles) p. 132, A. guttu- lalis (St. Dorn.) p. 133, A. pallida (Cuba) p. 134, Pachylia tristis (Cuba, Braz.) p. 188, P. ineonspicua (Jam.) p. 138, Madoryx pseudothyreus (Cuba) p. 156, Deilephila calverleyi (Cuba) 13. 168, Ambulyx rostralis (Nicaragua, New Granada) p. 184, A. strigilis (Antilles, S. A.) p. 186, PMlanzpeius satel- litia (Antilles) p. 197, Ph. pandorus (U. S.) p. 197, Ph. hornebeckiana (St. Thomas) p. 201, Ph. fyphon (Mex.) 1). 204, Everyx astyanor (Mex.?) p. 211, E pholus (W. I.) p. 212, Eucheryx licastus (St. Thomas, Braz.) p. 220, E. Croesus (An- tilles) p. 221, Choerocampa caicus (Cuba, S. A.) p. 249, Ch. ceratomioides (Guat., Mex., S. A.) p. 264, Oh. laevis (Mex.) p. 265, Ch. druryi (Mex.) p. 267, Oh. robkonii (Cuba) p. 269, Ch. aristor (Guat., Columbia) p. 270, Oh. crotonis (Nicaragua, Columbia) p. 270, Oh. nechus (W. I., Antilles) p. 271, Oh. eumedon (Mex.) p. 272, Ch. fugax (Mex., Hond.) p. 274, Ch. rhodowra (St. Dom.) p. 276, Ch. gundlachii (Cuba) 11. 277, 6%. irrorata (Cuba) p. 278, Oh. porous (Haiti, Cuba, Braz.) p. 278, Ch. ? versicolor (N. A.) p. 284, Lapara bombycoides (Canada) 13. 292, Arctonotus lucidus (Gal.) p. 293, Epistor camertus (Antilles, S. A.) p. 298, 3. danum (Cuba, Haiti, S. A.) p. 299, Tricholon inscripturn (U. S.) p. 302, Po- gocolon clarkiae (Gal.) p. 316, Oenosanda nocti@formis (An- tilles) p. 319, 0. spuria (Mex.) p. 319, Perigonia caliginosa (Mex. Hond.) 11. 324, P. lusca (Cuba, Haiti, S. A.) p. 325, P. ilus (Mex., Guat., Antilles) p. 326, P. iloides (Cuba)



================================================================================

p. 327, P. mdata (Jam.) 13. 328, P. glaucescens (St. Dom.) p. 328, Macroglossa aedon (Cuba) p. 357, Ml tantalus (An- tilles, S.? A,) p. 358, M. sagra (Cuba, Mex.) p. 360, M. cor- vus (Nicaragua, Columbia) p. 361, H. phaeton (Gal.) p. 362, 31. javofasciata (Hudson's Bay) p. 364, 21. thetis (Cal.) p. 368, M. gracilis (U. S.) p. 371, M. rufacaudis (Canada) p. 371, M. pyramus (U. S.) p. 372, M. fuscicaudis (Ga.) p. 372.
Several unrecognized species are noticed on p. 558. In the portion of this volume devoted to the Sesiidcie and Castnidae, only two species of North American larvae are de- scribed by attributing to them any characters additional to those of the family to which they belong. These are Thyris fenes- trina, on p. 489, and Th. vitrina, on p. 490, tlie latter de- scribed from a figure by Abbot. The larvae of both families are characterized alike, as being pale or discolored, almost glabrous, having 011 their bodies a few very small tubercles, from each of which springs a very fine hair; the back of the first segment and that of tlie last each is covered with a scaly plate ; the mandibles are strong, and the larvae live within tlie stems of vegetals. They show no trace of a horn on the eleventh segment.
Arctia isatella. Brief descr. in Harr. Ins. Inj. Veg., p. 355, fig.
I am not aware of any other published description. Mr. N. Coleman
obtained larvae from eggs, and writes to me of them as follows : '' At first they were very dark and. as they grew showed quite black. I noticed after a while tl~t a reddish ring appeared on some of them, and further watch- ing showed tliiit every fresh moulting developed a new red ring, till the fit'tli wiis reii~liud. As they were kept in a box they did not grow as fast as those at liberty, for I captured full grown ones in the garden, and by the roadside while these were still small. Of the mature ones caught none had over five red rings, though Harris says they have six. In some eases, though not every one, the fifth red ring, reckoning from head back, has only two tufts of red, the rest being black." Harris says : " Hairs on first four and last two rings black, on intermediate rings tan-red." Two speci- mens in my collection agree with this description; the two others have the lowest tuft on each side of segment 10 red and the rest black; in one of the latter only the lowest tuft on each side of segment 5 is black, in the other the whole of segment 5 is black.
(B. Pickman Mann.)




================================================================================

Euchaetes egle.
Mature larva.
Body, legs, and head black, the body covered with long tufts of hair; the hairs on the anterior and posterior segnu'nts are black, and the anterior tufts are longer than those on the central segments. Two
lateral white tufts or pencils from the breathing holes of the third segment, and two shorter ones from the dorsal part. The dorsal tufts of the central segments are ochre yellow. A double row of short lateral tufts runs the whole length of the body, in the vicinity of the breathing holes; the upper row black, the lower a dirty grey. On the tenth segment these tufts are rather longer and are white.
Length 20 mm.; appearance stout.
The description of the larva of E. collaris, furnished by Mr. G. H. Van Wagenen to the Canadian Entomologist, shows what little ground ever ex- isted for classing E. collaris as a variety of E. egle. The larvae are so unlike in appearance and habits as to suggest a generic difference. (W. V. Andrews, March 1878.)
Parasa chloris.
A beautiful larva, but difficult to describe. The description in Stretch's
,
admirable work, Zygaenidae and Bombycidae of N. A., is lamentably defective.
Mature. Onisciforn~, 19 mrn. long. Head purplish brown. Four pur- ple and three white lines drawn very close together, form a dorsal band running the length of the body. Subdorsal line bright red, from which arise six red spines (longest on central segments) studded with yellowish red spinelets; bet,ween the spines and on the fifth, sixth, eighth and ninth segments, are reddish spiny warts. The spines and warts are on elevated ridges. Beneath the sub-dorsal line are two pairs of purple, longitudinal lines on a yellowish ground; the pairs divided by a red line. The breathers are on a similar red line, and are guarded or ornamented by spiny warts; like those mentioned above. Legs of a sort of yellowish olive color; pro-legs, or rather tubercles, and underside of body of a reddish tinge. Varies considerably ; one very beautiful variety has all the red of the typi- cal larva replaced by brimstone yellow. Feeds on the oak (Quercus), on the pear tree (Pyrus), on wild cherry (Prunus), and on the wax myrtle (Myrica cewfera), in September. Pupa brown, of a pardimenty con- sistence, naked, egg-shaped. I have reared hundreds of this beautiful species, and in confinement it always forms its cocoon either adherent to the stem of the food plants, or, occasionally, draws two leaves together for a shelter. Indications are that in nature the cocoon is formed among loose rubbish on the ground.
( W. V. Andrews, March 1878.)
Limacodus ci'pus.
In vol. 7 of Jardine's Ncifuralist"~ Li/~rcwy, p. 177, is a description of a Liniacodes cippus, Cram."
There are figures of both moth and caterpillar on p. 21, fig. 2.
This is said to be a :North ~merican insect, and also to be found in Surinam.




================================================================================

Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., p. 420, speaking of L. c+pufs. and giving a good figure of it, doubts, in a note, whether it be the Surinam L. cipvus, but gives as its caterpillar one figured by Abbot. But this, from the description, is certainly not the caterpillar of the L. cippus figred by Harris. Indeed it seems to be one of the forms of Parasa chloris. I hope to be able to give
you during the coming season an accurate description of L. cippus (the Ended querceii of the G. & R. catalogue), but may say here that it is in shape much like P. chloris, a little flatter, and of an uniform rust red color. Certainly neither the moth nor caterpillar of Jardine is like our L. cIppu.s-= E. querceii; and while the drawing and description, in Harris, of the moth are good, that of the caterpillar is very erroneous. Judging from both moths and caterpillars, L. chloris and E. quercetl ought to be referred to the same genus. ( W. V. Andrews, June 1878.) mana major.
I have never taken this caterpillar earlier than perhaps the second moult, when its appearance, described below, is very different from that of its ma- ture state.
Color, chocolate brown. Head, neck, legs, pro-leg, and anal shield (lark coral red. Four bright yellow longitudinal lines alternate with the ground color, that covering the breathers being broadest. Two rows of *
small yellow spots underneath.
Feeds on Andromeda ligu.s/rina in Aua.
and Sept.
N. Y., N. J.
( W. V. Andrews, March 1878.)
Anisota stigma.
Mature. Larva cylindrical, 63-69 mm. long, 13 mm. broad. Reddish brown, or bright fawn color, thickly covered with while granulations. Legs and pro-legs nearly concolorous with body. Head of a brighter brown, and shining. Six longitudinal rows of black spines, three on each side of the body (one sub-dorsal, one lateral, and one immediately beneath the breathers). Sub-dorsal spines on third segment long. Breathers black, with a rather faint white line running over them. In the early stages all the colors are somewhat lighter. Feeds on Quercus in Septein- her.
Pupa black, rough, with terminal spike.
(W. V. Andrews, March 1878.)
Scolecocampu lihurrm.
I reared this moth from the larva many years ago, but had forgotten all the details.
I am indebted to my friend Mr. G. R. Pilate, of Ohio, for the larvae from which the following description is made. Length 38 mm., thickness 6 mm. Color, dirty white. Smooth and shinin?, with a few scattered hairs, Head and anal segment black. Con-
tents of the intestinal canal showing through the skin of the dorsum. On
each segment are twelve small black spots, two on each side of the dor- sum, and four in the vicinity of the breathers. Legs and pro-legs light brown, the former rather darker than the latter. Feeds on decaying wood In confinement it fed all the winter, and probably does so under all cir- cumstances. Imago early in June. ( W. V. Andrews, June 1878.) B. Pickman Mann.




================================================================================